Biography of Sher Shah Suri Video Lecture | History for UPSC CSE

Sher Shah Suri, also known as Sher Khan or Farid Khan, was a prominent ruler in medieval India during the 16th century. He was the founder of the Sur dynasty and ruled as the Sultan of Delhi from 1540 to 1545. Sher Shah Suri is widely recognized for his administrative reforms, military strategies, and construction of the Grand Trunk Road.

Sher Shah Suri accomplished several notable achievements during his reign. Some of the major ones include: - Administrative Reforms: Sher Shah introduced several administrative reforms, such as the establishment of an efficient revenue system, land surveys, and a postal network. He also implemented policies to ensure the welfare of his subjects. - Military Strategies: He reorganized the army by introducing the concept of the "dagh" system, which required soldiers to mark their horses with hot iron, ensuring accountability. He also implemented effective logistics and strategic measures to improve the military's efficiency. - Construction of the Grand Trunk Road: Sher Shah Suri is famously known for constructing the Grand Trunk Road, which extended from Bengal in the east to the Indus River in the west. This road served as a major trade route and played a significant role in connecting different regions of the empire.

Sher Shah Suri rose to power after defeating Humayun, the second Mughal emperor, in the Battle of Chausa in 1539 and the Battle of Kannauj in 1540. After his victory, he established the Sur dynasty and became the Sultan of Delhi.

Sher Shah Suri made notable contributions to architecture during his reign. Some of the prominent architectural projects attributed to him include: - Rohtas Fort: Located in present-day Pakistan, Rohtas Fort was constructed by Sher Shah Suri to defend against potential Mughal invasions. It showcases a blend of Afghan and Persian architectural styles. - Sher Mandal: Sher Mandal, also known as Sher Shah Suri's Library, was a double-story octagonal structure built by Sher Shah in Delhi. It served as a pleasure pavilion and later became the place where Humayun suffered a fatal accident. - Gates and Tombs: Sher Shah Suri also constructed various gates, tombs, and mosques in different regions, showcasing his architectural prowess.

Sher Shah Suri's rule left a lasting impact on India. Some of the key impacts include: - Administrative Reforms: His administrative reforms set a precedent for future rulers in India. His revenue system, land surveys, and postal network influenced subsequent administrations. - Infrastructure Development: The construction of the Grand Trunk Road and other architectural projects improved transportation and trade across the empire, contributing to economic growth. - Military Strategies: Sher Shah's military strategies and reforms influenced the tactics and organization of future armies in India. - Land Revenue System: His land revenue system aimed at ensuring fairness and efficient collection, which became a model for subsequent rulers. - Influence on Mughal Empire: Sher Shah Suri's rule and achievements had a significant impact on the Mughal Empire. His reforms and military strategies were adopted and further developed by the Mughal emperors, including Akbar the Great.