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Major Constitutional Amendments in India Video Lecture | Laxmikanth for Indian Polity: Summaries, MCQs & videos - UPSC
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| 1. What are the major constitutional amendments in India? |  |
Ans. The major constitutional amendments in India include the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976, which introduced several changes to the Constitution, such as the insertion of the term "secular" and the fundamental duties of citizens. The 73rd and 74th Amendments Act of 1992 brought about significant decentralization of power to local governments. The 86th Amendment Act of 2002 made free and compulsory education a fundamental right for children between the ages of 6 and 14. The 97th Amendment Act of 2011 provided for the inclusion of cooperative societies as a fundamental right. The 101st Amendment Act of 2016 introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India.
| 2. What changes were introduced by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976? | |
Ans. The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 introduced significant changes to the Indian Constitution. It added the term "secular" to the Preamble, making India a secular state. It also added fundamental duties for citizens, emphasizing the responsibilities of individuals towards the nation. Additionally, it expanded the power of the Parliament by placing certain limitations on judicial review and giving more authority to the Prime Minister. The Amendment Act also curtailed the power of the states by reducing their autonomy. However, some of these changes were later modified or repealed by subsequent amendments.
| 3. How did the 73rd and 74th Amendments Act of 1992 impact local governments in India? | |
Ans. The 73rd and 74th Amendments Act of 1992 brought about a significant decentralization of power to local governments in India. These amendments introduced the concept of Panchayati Raj institutions for rural areas and municipalities for urban areas. They provided constitutional recognition and protection to these local governing bodies and mandated reservations for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women in their elected bodies. These amendments aimed to empower grassroots democracy and ensure effective participation of citizens in local governance.
| 4. What is the significance of the 86th Amendment Act of 2002 in India? | |
Ans. The 86th Amendment Act of 2002 holds great significance as it made free and compulsory education a fundamental right for children between the ages of 6 and 14 in India. This amendment aimed to provide universal access to quality education and bridge the gaps in educational opportunities. It mandated that the government should provide free education to all children in this age group and also prohibited any form of discrimination in educational institutions. The 86th Amendment Act reinforced the importance of education as a fundamental right and a tool for social empowerment.
| 5. How did the 101st Amendment Act of 2016 impact taxation in India? | |
Ans. The 101st Amendment Act of 2016 introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. This amendment aimed to simplify the complex tax structure prevailing in the country by replacing multiple indirect taxes with a single unified tax. The GST is a comprehensive indirect tax levied on the supply of goods and services throughout India, and it has brought about significant changes in the taxation system. It has helped streamline the tax administration, promote ease of doing business, and create a common market across the country, leading to increased efficiency and economic growth.
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Dec 19, 2024 Last updated |
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