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What Is An Orbit? Video Lecture | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE
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| 1. What is an orbit? |  |
Ans. An orbit is the curved path followed by an object, such as a planet or satellite, as it revolves around another object under the influence of gravity. In the case of celestial bodies, an orbit is usually an elliptical path around a central body.
| 2. How is an orbit formed? | |
Ans. An orbit is formed when the gravitational force exerted by a larger object, such as a planet or star, is balanced by the centripetal force acting on a smaller object, such as a satellite or moon. This balance of forces allows the smaller object to continuously move in a curved path around the larger object.
| 3. What factors determine the shape of an orbit? | |
Ans. The shape of an orbit is primarily determined by the speed and direction of the object's initial velocity. If the object's velocity is high enough, it will escape the gravitational pull and move in a hyperbolic or parabolic path. If the velocity is just right, it will result in a circular or elliptical orbit.
| 4. Can orbits be stable or unstable? | |
Ans. Yes, orbits can be stable or unstable depending on the object's velocity and distance from the central body. In a stable orbit, the object continues to revolve around the central body without any significant changes. However, in an unstable orbit, small perturbations or disturbances can cause the object to deviate from its original path and eventually leave the orbit.
| 5. How do satellites maintain their orbits? | |
Ans. Satellites maintain their orbits by continuously adjusting their speed and direction using onboard propulsion systems. These adjustments, known as orbital maneuvers, allow satellites to counteract the effects of atmospheric drag and gravitational perturbations, ensuring that they remain in their desired orbits for extended periods of time.
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