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What Was The Indus Valley/Harappan Civilisation? Video Lecture | Famous Books for UPSC Exam (Summary & Tests)
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| 1. What was the Indus Valley/Harappan Civilization? |  |
Ans. The Indus Valley or Harappan Civilization was an ancient urban civilization that thrived in the Indus River Valley, in what is now modern-day Pakistan and western India, from around 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE. It was one of the world's earliest urban civilizations, known for its advanced urban planning, sophisticated drainage and water supply systems, and well-developed trade networks.
| 2. What were the major cities of the Indus Valley civilization? | |
Ans. The major cities of the Indus Valley civilization included Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, which are the most well-known and extensively excavated sites. Other important cities include Dholavira, Lothal, Kalibangan, and Rakhigarhi. These cities were characterized by their well-organized grid layouts, impressive brick structures, and advanced systems of sanitation and public infrastructure.
| 3. What were the main features of the Indus Valley civilization? | |
Ans. The Indus Valley civilization was known for its advanced urban planning, with cities laid out on a grid system and organized into sectors. They had sophisticated drainage systems, public baths, and well-designed houses with private wells and toilets. The civilization also had a system of standardized weights and measures, evidence of long-distance trade, a script that remains undeciphered, and a rich artistic tradition seen in pottery, seals, and jewelry.
| 4. What caused the decline of the Indus Valley civilization? | |
Ans. The exact reasons for the decline of the Indus Valley civilization are still debated among historians and archaeologists. Possible factors include environmental changes, such as a shift in the course of the Indus River, leading to reduced agricultural productivity. Additionally, there is evidence of a decline in trade networks and signs of possible invasion or conflict. The decline may have been a combination of multiple factors rather than a single cause.
| 5. What is the significance of the Indus Valley civilization? | |
Ans. The Indus Valley civilization is significant as one of the world's earliest urban civilizations, showcasing impressive advancements in urban planning, sanitation, and trade. It had a vast geographical extent, covering a large area of the Indian subcontinent. The civilization's undeciphered script and artifacts provide valuable insights into their social, economic, and cultural life. The Indus Valley civilization also influenced later cultures and civilizations in the region, leaving a lasting impact on the history and development of South Asia.
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