FAQs on Phylum Anneleda and Phylum Arthopada Video Lecture - Zoology Optional Notes for UPSC
1. What are the key characteristics that differentiate Phylum Annelida from Phylum Arthropoda? |
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Ans. Phylum Annelida, commonly known as segmented worms, is characterized by its segmented body structure, bilateral symmetry, and a coelom that is divided into segments. They typically have a closed circulatory system and a simple nervous system with a ventral nerve cord. In contrast, Phylum Arthropoda, which includes insects, arachnids, and crustaceans, is distinguished by its exoskeleton made of chitin, jointed appendages, and segmented body organized into distinct regions (head, thorax, abdomen). Arthropods also exhibit a more complex nervous system and open circulatory system.
2. How do the reproductive strategies of Annelida and Arthropoda differ? |
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Ans. Annelida typically reproduce sexually, with many species being hermaphroditic, possessing both male and female reproductive organs. Fertilization can be external or internal, and some species also exhibit asexual reproduction through fragmentation. On the other hand, Arthropoda exhibit a variety of reproductive strategies, including sexual reproduction with separate sexes in many cases. Many arthropods undergo complex life cycles involving metamorphosis, and fertilization is usually internal, with females often laying eggs in protective environments.
3. What ecological roles do organisms from Phylum Annelida and Phylum Arthropoda play? |
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Ans. Organisms from Phylum Annelida play crucial roles in soil aeration and nutrient cycling as they burrow through the soil, enhancing its structure and fertility. They are also important decomposers, breaking down organic matter. In contrast, Arthropods occupy diverse ecological niches; they serve as pollinators, decomposers, predators, and prey within food webs. Many arthropods, such as bees and butterflies, are vital for pollination, while others, like beetles and ants, contribute significantly to the decomposition process.
4. What adaptations have allowed Arthropoda to become the most diverse animal phylum? |
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Ans. Arthropoda have developed several key adaptations that contribute to their diversity, including an exoskeleton that provides protection and support, jointed appendages that allow for a range of movement and specialization for various tasks, and efficient respiratory systems (like gills in aquatic species and tracheae in terrestrial ones). Their ability to undergo metamorphosis allows them to exploit different ecological niches at various life stages, further enhancing their adaptability and survival.
5. How do Annelida and Arthropoda contribute to human economies? |
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Ans. Annelida, particularly earthworms, are crucial for agriculture as they improve soil health and fertility, benefiting crop production. They are also used in composting and as bait in fishing. Arthropoda contribute significantly to human economies through various sectors such as agriculture (pollinators like bees), aquaculture (crustaceans like shrimp), and pest control (predatory insects). Additionally, many arthropods are sources of food (like crabs and lobsters) and materials (like silk from silkworms).