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Gaseous Exchange in Respiration Video Lecture | Biology A-Level - A Level

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1. What is gaseous exchange in respiration?
Ans. Gaseous exchange in respiration is the process by which oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled from the body. It occurs in the lungs, where oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the lungs to be exhaled.
2. How does gaseous exchange occur in the lungs?
Ans. Gaseous exchange in the lungs occurs through a process called diffusion. When we breathe in, oxygen-rich air enters the lungs and diffuses across the thin walls of the alveoli (air sacs) into the surrounding capillaries. At the same time, carbon dioxide present in the blood diffuses from the capillaries into the alveoli, which is then expelled during exhalation.
3. What is the role of hemoglobin in gaseous exchange?
Ans. Hemoglobin is a protein molecule found in red blood cells that plays a crucial role in gaseous exchange. It binds with oxygen in the lungs, forming oxyhemoglobin, which can easily release oxygen to the body's tissues. In the tissues, hemoglobin also binds with carbon dioxide, forming carbaminohemoglobin, which helps transport the carbon dioxide back to the lungs for elimination.
4. How does the concentration gradient affect gaseous exchange in respiration?
Ans. The concentration gradient plays a significant role in gaseous exchange during respiration. Oxygen moves from an area of higher concentration (in the alveoli) to an area of lower concentration (in the blood). Similarly, carbon dioxide moves from an area of higher concentration (in the blood) to an area of lower concentration (in the alveoli). This movement occurs due to diffusion, driven by the concentration gradient.
5. What are some factors that can affect gaseous exchange in respiration?
Ans. Several factors can affect gaseous exchange in respiration. These include the surface area of the respiratory membrane, the thickness of the respiratory membrane, the concentration gradient of gases, the efficiency of blood circulation, and the health of respiratory organs. Any condition or disease that alters these factors can impair gaseous exchange, leading to respiratory problems.
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