Solving Differential Equations by Variables Separable Method Video Lecture | Mathematics (Maths) Class 12 - JEE

- [voiceover] So now that
we've spent some time
thinking about what a
differential equation is
and even visualizing solutions
to a differential equations
using things like slope field,
let's start seeing if we can actually
solve differential equations.
As we'll see, different types
of differential equations
might require different techniques
and some of them we might not be able
to solve at all using analytic techniques.
We'd have to resort to numeric techniques
to estimate the solutions.
But let's go to what I would argue
as the simplest form of
differential equation to solve
and that's what's called a Separable.
Separable differential equation.
And we will see in a
second why it is called
a separable differential equation.
So let's say that we
have the derivative of Y
with respect to X is equal to negative X
over Y E to the X squared.
So we have this differential equation
and we want to find
the particular solution
that goes through the point 0,1.
I encourage you to pause this
and I'll give you a hint.
If you can on one side of
this equation through algebra
separate out the Ys and the DYs
and on the other side
have all the Xs and DXs,
and then integrate.
Perhaps you can find
the particular solution
to this differential equation
that contains this point.
Now if you can't do it don't worry
because we're about to work through it.
So like I said, let's use
a little bit of algebra
to get all the Ys and DYs on one side
and all the Xs and DXs on the other side.
So one way, let's say I
want to get all the Ys
and DYs on the left hand side,
and all the Xs and DXs
on the right hand side.
Well, I can multiply both sides times Y.
So I can multiply both sides times Y
that has the effect of putting
the Ys on the left hand side
and then I can multiple
both sides times DX.
I can multiple both sides times DX
and we kind of treat,
you can treat these differentials
as you would treat a variable
when you're manipulating it
to essentially separate out the variables.
And so, this will cancel with that.
And so, we are left with Y, DY.
Y, DY is equal to negative X.
And actually let me write it this way.
Let me write it as negative X, E.
Actually, I might need
a little more space.
So negative X E to the
negative X squared DX.
DX.
Now why is this interesting?
Because we could integrate both sides.
And now this also highlights
why we call it the separable.
You won't be able to do this
with every differential equation.
You won't be able to algebraically
separate the Ys and DYs on one side
and the Xs and DXs on the other side.
But this one we were able to.
And so that's why this is called
a separable differential equation.
Differential equation.
And it's usually the first
technique that you should try.
Hey, can I separate the Ys and the Xs
and as I said, this is
not going to be true
of many, if not most
differential equations.
But now that we did this
we can integrate both sides.
So let's do that.
So, I'll find a nice
color to integrate with.
So, I'm going to integrate both sides.
Now if you integrate the left hand side
what do you get?
You get and remember, we're integrating
with respect to Y here.
So this is going to be Y squared over two
and we could put some constant there.
I could call that plus C one.
And if you're integrating that
that's going to be equal to.
Now the right hand side we're integrating
with respect to X.
And let's see, you could do U substitution
or you could recognize that look,
the derivative of negative X squared
is going to be negative two X.
So if that was a two there
and if you don't want to change
the value of the integral
you put the 1/2 right over there.
And so now you could either do
U substitution explicitly
or you could do it in your head
where you said U is equal
to negative X squared
and then DU will be negative to X, DX
or you can kind of do this
in your head at this point.
So I have something and it's derivative
so I really could just
integrate with respect to
that something too with respect to that U.
So this is going to be 1/2.
This 1/2 right over here.
The anti-derivative.
This is E to the negative X squared
and then of course, I might
have some other constant.
I'll just call that C two.
And once again, if this part over here
what I just did seemed strange,
the U substitution,
you might want to review that piece.
Now, what can I do here?
We'll have a constant
on the left hand side.
It's an arbitrary constant.
We don't know what it is.
I haven't used this initial condition yet
we could call it.
So, let me just subtract
C one from both sides.
So if I just subtract
C one from both sides
I have an arbitrary so
this is gonna cancel,
and I have C two, sorry.
Let me.
So, this is C one.
So these are going to cancel
and C two minus C one.
These are both constants,
arbitrary constants
and we don't know what they are yet.
And so, we could just rewrite this as
on the left hand side we
have Y squared over two
is equal to on the right hand side.
I'll write 1/2 E.
Let me write that in blue
just because I wrote it in blue before.
1/2 E to the negative X squared
and I'll just say C two minus C one.
Let's just call that C.
So if you take the sum of those two things
let's just call that C.
And so now, this is kind
of a general solution.
We don't know what this constant is
and we haven't explicitly solved for Y yet
but even in this form
we can now find a particular solution
using this initial condition.
Let me separate it out.
This was a part of this
original expression right over here
but using this initial condition.
So, it tells us when X is zero,
Y needs to be equal to one.
So we would have one
squared which is just one
over two is equal to 1/2.
E to the negative zero squared.
Well, that's just going to be
e to the zero is just one.
This is gonna be 1/2 plus C
and just like that
we're able to figure out
if you subtract 1/2 from both sides
C is equal to zero.
So the relationship between Y and X
that goes through this point,
we could just set C is equal to zero.
So that's equal to zero.
That's zero right over there.
And so we are left with Y squared over two
is equal to E to the
negative X squared over two.
Now we can multiply both sides by two
and we're going to get Y squared.
Y squared.
Let me do that.
So we're gonna get Y squared
is equal to E to the negative X squared.
Now, we can take the
square root of both sides
and you can say, well look,
you know, Y squared is equal to this
so Y could be equal to the
plus or minus square root
of E to the negative X squared.
Of E to the negative X squared.
But they gave us an initial condition
where Y is actually positive.
So we're finding the particular solution
that goes through this point.
That means Y is gonna be
the positive square root.
If this was a point zero negative one
then we would say Y is
the negative square root
but we know that Y is
the positive square root,
it's the principal root right over there.
So let me do that a little bit neater
so we can get rid of, whoops.
I thought I was writing in black.
So we can get rid of this right over here.
We're only going to be dealing with
the positive square root
so we could write Y is equal to E
to the negative X squared to the 1/2 power
and that of course is equal to
E to the negative X squared over two.
So this right over here is
or Y equals E to the
negative X squared over two
is a particular solution
that satisfies the initial conditions
to this original differential equation.
So just like that.
Because we were able to just as a review,
because this differential
equation was setup in a way
or because we could algebraically
separate the Y, DYs from the Xs, DXs,
we're able to just separate
them out algebraically,
integrate both sides
and use the information given
in the initial condition
to find the particular solution.