Year 11 Biology for GCSE SyllabusCell Structure- Introduction to cell theory
- Cell organelles and their functions
- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Structure and function of the cell membrane
- Structure and function of the nucleus
- Structure and function of mitochondria
- Structure and function of chloroplasts
- Structure and function of ribosomes
- Structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum
- Structure and function of Golgi apparatus
- Structure and function of lysosomes
- Structure and function of vacuoles
Transport in Cells- Diffusion and osmosis
- Active transport
- Passive transport
- Movement of substances across cell membranes
- Factors affecting the rate of diffusion
Animal Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems- Classification of animal tissues
- Structure and function of epithelial tissue
- Structure and function of connective tissue
- Structure and function of muscle tissue
- Structure and function of nervous tissue
- Structure and function of organs
- Structure and function of organ systems
- Respiratory system
- Circulatory system
- Digestive system
- Excretory system
Plant Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems- Classification of plant tissues
- Structure and function of meristematic tissue
- Structure and function of permanent tissue
- Structure and function of epidermal tissue
- Structure and function of ground tissue
- Structure and function of vascular tissue
- Structure and function of organs (roots, stems, leaves)
- Structure and function of plant systems
- Transport of water and nutrients in plants
- Photosynthesis in plants
Infection and Response- Types of pathogens
- Transmission and prevention of diseases
- Immune response
- Role of white blood cells
- Vaccination and herd immunity
- Antibiotics and resistance
Monoclonal Antibodies- Production and uses of monoclonal antibodies
- Hybridoma technology
- Diagnostic and therapeutic applications
Plant Disease- Common plant diseases
- Fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases in plants
- Symptoms and control measures
Photosynthesis- Role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis
- Light-dependent and light-independent reactions
- Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis in C3 and C4 plants
- Adaptations of plants for efficient photosynthesis
Respiration- Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
- Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain
- ATP production
- Factors affecting the rate of respiration
- Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic respiration
The Human Nervous System- Structure and function of the nervous system
- Neurons and nerve impulses
- Synaptic transmission
- Reflex actions and voluntary actions
- Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
Hormonal Coordination in Humans- Endocrine system and hormones
- Role of hormones in homeostasis
- Negative and positive feedback mechanisms
- Regulation of blood glucose levels
- Regulation of water and salt balance
- Regulation of reproductive processes
Plant Hormones- Types and functions of plant hormones
- Role of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene
- Phototropism and gravitropism
- Role of hormones in plant growth and development
Reproduction- Sexual and asexual reproduction
- Structure and function of male and female reproductive systems
- Gametogenesis and fertilization
- Pregnancy, embryonic development, and birth
- Menstrual cycle and hormonal regulation
Variation- Genetic and environmental factors influencing variation
- Inheritance of traits
- Punnett squares and pedigree analysis
- Genetic disorders
- Mutations and their effects
The Development of Understanding of Genetics and Evolution- Contributions of Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin
- Laws of inheritance
- Natural selection and adaptation
- Evidence for evolution
Classification of Living Organisms- Evolution of classification systems
- Binomial nomenclature
- Hierarchical classification
- Characteristics used for classification
- Five-kingdom and three-domain systems
Adaptations, Interdependence, and Competition- Structural and behavioral adaptations
- Interactions between organisms in ecosystems
- Symbiotic relationships
- Competition for resources
- Ecological niches
Organisation of an Ecosystem- Levels of organization in an ecosystem
- Producers, consumers, and decomposers
- Food chains and food webs
- Energy flow in ecosystems
- Nutrient cycling
Biodiversity- Importance and benefits of biodiversity
- Threats to biodiversity
- Conservation strategies
- Endangered species and their protection
Trophic Levels in an Ecosystem- Energy transfer between trophic levels
- Energy loss in food chains
- Biomagnification of pollutants
- Pyramid of energy
Food Production- Agricultural practices and their impact on the environment
- Intensive farming and its consequences
- Sustainable agriculture
- Genetic engineering in food production
- Organic farming
This course is helpful for the following exams: Year 10, Year 11