All questions of February Week 2 for Class 10 Exam

D cannot be a probability as it has negative value

Ans is b
becoz of imports choices increases and if the import tax is less very often price will be more less and affordable
so ,the demand for domestic market goods will fall .
u can refer ncert eco book
ex ;of China's toys.

In brief, the World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.

The probability of an impossible event has the value of 0. A sure event is an event, which always happens. For example, it's a sure event to obtain a number between “1” and “6” when rolling an ordinary die. The probability of a sure event has the value of 1.

Option b is correct. Because, When you come to the concept regarding to the Globalisation, it refers to the increase in the cross - border movement of goods and services. When there is a movement of goods and services,then there will be always investment. Globalisation is not including only our country India, but also it includes all the countries in the world in order to increase GDP of a country and leads to the competition between other countries. In order to increase GDP of a country, then there should be transaction of goods and services between other countries. So, when there is a transaction of goods and services, then there is investment between other countries.

* World Trade Organisation (WTO) is an international body, which aims at liberalising international trade. It was started at the initiative of developed countries.
WTO establishes rules regarding international trade.

* So option " c " is correct

Transportation has played a crucial role in promoting globalization. Globalization refers to the process of integrating different countries, economies, and cultures into a single global community. The advancement in the transportation sector has led to improved connectivity and faster communication between different parts of the world. This, in turn, has led to the following benefits:

1. Increased Trade: The improvement in transportation has enabled companies to transport goods and services across the globe. This has led to increased trade between different countries and has helped to boost economic growth and development.

2. Cultural Exchange: The improvement in transportation has also made it easier for people to travel and experience different cultures. This has led to cultural exchange and has helped to break down barriers between different communities.

3. Increased Investment: The improvement in transportation has made it easier for investors to invest in different parts of the world. This has led to increased investment and has helped to create jobs and stimulate economic growth.

4. Improved Communication: The improvement in transportation has also led to faster communication between different parts of the world. This has helped to improve collaboration and has made it easier for people to share knowledge and ideas.

Overall, the improvement in transportation has played a crucial role in promoting globalization and has led to numerous benefits for different parts of the world.

Introduction:
The assertion and reason given in the statement are related to the process of globalisation and the impact of technology on it.

Explanation:
- Assertion: Rapid improvement in technology has stimulated the globalisation process.
The assertion is true because technology has played a crucial role in the globalisation process. Technology has made it easier to communicate, transport goods and services, and access information globally. This has led to increased trade, investment, and cultural exchange between countries. The development of the internet, social media, and e-commerce platforms has made it easier for businesses to reach a global audience and for people to connect with each other across borders.

- Reason: Everyone has benefited from globalisation.
The reason is not entirely true because while globalisation has brought many benefits, it has also created winners and losers. Developed countries have benefited more from globalisation than developing countries. Many workers in developed countries have lost their jobs due to outsourcing and competition from cheaper labour in developing countries. This has led to increased inequality and social unrest in some countries.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, option C is the correct answer as the assertion is true, but the reason is not entirely correct. Rapid improvement in technology has indeed stimulated the globalisation process, but not everyone has benefited equally from globalisation.

Correct answer is option c

Tata Steel is an Indian MNC ( established in Jamshedpur , Jharkhand ) { founder - Jamsetji Tata ) .

• Assertion (A): "Until the middle of the 20th century, production was largely organised within countries." This is true. Before the globalization and advancements in communication and transportation, production processes were primarily conducted within national borders.
• Reason (R): "Lack of trade among nations." This is incorrect. While trade among nations was more limited compared to the modern era, it was not the primary reason why production was organized within countries. The organization of production within countries was influenced more by technological limitations, transportation costs, and political factors rather than a complete lack of trade among nations.

The World Trade Organisation (WTO) lays stress on liberalization of foreign trade and foreign investment.

Understanding Liberalisation
Liberalisation refers to the process of removing government restrictions on economic activities. In the context of foreign trade and investment, it focuses on allowing greater freedom for international transactions.
Key Aspects of Liberalisation:
- Reduction of Barriers: Liberalisation involves decreasing tariffs, quotas, and other trade barriers that limit imports and exports. This encourages a more open market.
- Foreign Investment: It allows foreign companies to invest in domestic markets without excessive regulations. This can lead to increased capital, technology transfer, and job creation.
- Economic Growth: By promoting competition, liberalisation can enhance efficiency and innovation, leading to overall economic growth.
- Consumer Benefits: With more options available due to reduced restrictions, consumers can enjoy lower prices and improved quality of goods and services.
Comparison with Other Terms:
- Globalisation: While liberalisation is a component of globalisation, the latter encompasses the broader integration of economies worldwide, including cultural exchange and migration.
- Taxation: This refers to the government’s system of levying taxes on individuals and businesses, unrelated to the freedom of trade and investment.
- Nationalisation: This is the opposite of liberalisation, where the government takes control of private enterprises, restricting foreign investment.
Conclusion
In summary, liberalisation plays a crucial role in enhancing foreign trade and investment by removing barriers set by the government, leading to a more competitive and dynamic economic environment.

The correct answer is option C, globally.

Explanation:

When we say that an MNC (Multinational Corporation) produces goods globally, it means that the company operates in multiple countries and has production facilities in different parts of the world. This allows them to cater to a larger customer base and take advantage of various resources and markets available in different countries.

There are several reasons why an MNC would choose to produce goods globally:

1. Market Expansion: By producing goods globally, MNCs can reach a wider customer base in different countries. This helps them tap into new markets and increase their sales and revenue.

2. Resource Optimization: Different countries have different resources available, such as raw materials, labor, technology, etc. By setting up production facilities in multiple countries, MNCs can optimize their use of resources and reduce costs.

3. Access to Skilled Labor: Producing goods globally allows MNCs to access a diverse pool of skilled labor. They can hire workers with specific expertise or take advantage of lower labor costs in certain countries.

4. Reduction of Trade Barriers: By establishing production facilities in different countries, MNCs can reduce trade barriers and tariffs. This can result in lower costs and increased competitiveness in international markets.

5. Risk Diversification: Operating globally helps MNCs diversify their risks. If there are economic or political uncertainties in one country, they can still continue their operations in other countries.

6. Proximity to Customers: Setting up production facilities in different countries allows MNCs to be closer to their customers. This can lead to faster delivery times, better customer service, and improved customer satisfaction.

In conclusion, an MNC producing goods globally means that it operates in multiple countries and has production facilities in different parts of the world. This strategy allows them to expand their market reach, optimize resources, access skilled labor, reduce trade barriers, diversify risks, and be closer to their customers.

Investments by MNCs in Countries

Investments by multinational corporations (MNCs) in countries around the world can take various forms. The most common route for investments by MNCs in countries around the world is to buy existing local companies.

Reasons for Buying Existing Local Companies:

1. Faster Entry: Buying an existing company allows MNCs to enter new markets more quickly than building a new factory or forming a partnership with a local company.

2. Established Presence: Buying an existing company also provides MNCs with an established presence in the local market, including an existing customer base or distribution network.

3. Local Expertise: Buying an existing company also provides MNCs with local expertise, knowledge of the local market, and existing relationships with suppliers and customers.

4. Reduced Risk: Buying an existing company also carries less risk than building a new factory or forming a partnership with a local company, as the existing company already has a proven track record.

Conclusion:

Therefore, buying existing local companies is the most common route for investments by MNCs in countries around the world, as it provides a faster entry into new markets, an established presence, local expertise, and reduced risk.

I'm not so called Confidence,but the Answer maybe Is option B) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A

Tax on Imports as a Trade Barrier

Assertion: Tax on imports is an example of trade barriers.

Reason: Government can use it to increase or decrease foreign trade.

Explanation:

Trade barriers are the policies or measures adopted by a country to regulate its international trade by restricting imports or exports. Import tax or tariff is one of the examples of trade barriers, which is levied on imported goods by the government to regulate foreign trade. The given assertion is true, and the reason given is also correct.

Import tax is one of the most common trade barriers used by governments around the world. It is a form of indirect tax that is charged on imported goods when they enter a country's borders. The tax is usually based on the value of the goods, and it increases the price of the imported goods, making them less attractive to consumers. By doing this, the government can protect domestic industries from foreign competition, which can lead to job losses and economic instability.

The given reason is also true as the government can use import tax to increase or decrease foreign trade. By increasing the import tax, the government can discourage imports and promote domestic production, leading to an increase in local employment and economic growth. On the other hand, by reducing the import tax, the government can encourage imports, leading to an increase in foreign trade and international relations.

In conclusion, the assertion and the reason are both true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. The government can use import tax as a trade barrier to regulate foreign trade and protect domestic industries.

(D) It employs labour only from its own country.

Some features of MNC's
They base their operations in many different countries upon market demand and availability of cheap labour
They bring huge investments along with modern technology into production. They expand production by buying up local companies or entering into partnership with them.

In general, MNCs set up production where it is close to the markets where there is skilled and unskilled labourj available at low costs and where the availability of other factors of production is assured. in addition, MNCs might look for government policies that look after theirs interest

Benefits of BPOs:
1. Local Companies: BPOs have significantly benefited local companies in multiple ways:
- Job Creation: BPOs have created numerous job opportunities for local individuals, thereby reducing unemployment rates.
- Skill Development: BPOs provide training and development programs, enhancing the skills of the local workforce.
- Economic Growth: BPOs contribute to the local economy by generating revenue and attracting foreign investments.
- Infrastructure Development: BPOs often require modern infrastructure, leading to the development of supporting industries and facilities.
2. National Companies: BPOs have also contributed to the growth of national companies:
- Cost Savings: National companies can outsource non-core processes to BPOs, reducing operational costs and improving efficiency.
- Focus on Core Competencies: BPOs handle non-core activities, allowing national companies to focus on their core competencies and strategic initiatives.
- Scalability: BPOs provide scalability options to national companies, enabling them to expand or contract their operations based on market demand.
- Access to Expertise: BPOs often possess specialized knowledge and expertise, which can be leveraged by national companies to improve their processes.
3. Multinational Companies (MNCs): BPOs have particularly benefited MNCs in the following ways:
- Global Presence: BPOs help MNCs establish a global presence by providing support across different geographies and time zones.
- Cost Efficiency: MNCs can leverage BPOs to achieve cost savings by outsourcing various functions, such as customer support or back-office operations.
- Flexibility: BPOs offer flexibility to MNCs in terms of scaling operations, entering new markets, or adapting to changing business environments.
- Risk Mitigation: BPOs can help MNCs mitigate risks by diversifying their operations and relying on external service providers.
Conclusion:
BPOs have benefited the growth of local companies, national companies, and multinational companies (MNCs) in various ways. They have contributed to job creation, skill development, economic growth, and infrastructure development for local companies. Moreover, BPOs have helped national companies reduce costs, focus on core competencies, and access specialized expertise. MNCs have also leveraged BPOs for global expansion, cost efficiency, flexibility, and risk mitigation. Hence, the correct answer is option C: MNCs.

B) Foreign investment