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All questions of Evolution of Higher learning & Research for UGC NET Exam

What was one of the key recommendations made by the Radha Krishnan Commission, 1948, regarding university education in India?
  • a)
    All university degrees should be made mandatory for administrative roles.
  • b)
    The medium of instruction for higher studies should be immediately changed from English.
  • c)
    A University Grants Commission (UGC) should be established to oversee university education.
  • d)
    University education should be solely controlled by the state governments.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sahil Sharma answered
Establishment of University Grants Commission (UGC)
The Radha Krishnan Commission, established in 1948, made several key recommendations regarding university education in India. One of the most significant recommendations was the establishment of a University Grants Commission (UGC).

Role of UGC
The UGC was proposed to oversee and coordinate the development of university education in India. It was envisioned as a regulatory body that would ensure the maintenance of standards in higher education institutions across the country.

Functions of UGC
The UGC was tasked with the responsibility of allocating grants to universities, monitoring their performance, and providing recommendations for improvement. It was also expected to promote academic research and innovation in universities.

Importance of UGC
The establishment of the UGC played a crucial role in shaping the higher education landscape in India. It helped in streamlining the functioning of universities, ensuring quality education, and fostering academic excellence. The UGC continues to play a vital role in the development of higher education in India to this day.
In conclusion, the recommendation made by the Radha Krishnan Commission regarding the establishment of the University Grants Commission was a significant step towards improving the quality and standards of university education in India.
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Which National Policy on Education is based on the recommendations of the Kothari Commission?
  • a)
    NPE-1968
  • b)
    NPE-1986
  • c)
    NPE-1992
  • d)
    NPE-2016
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Academia Elite answered
The National Policy on Education of 1968 was formulated based on the recommendations of the Kothari Commission, which emphasized the need for a common school system to promote social integration and equality of opportunity.

When was the Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) established?
  • a)
    1994
  • b)
    1930
  • c)
    1920
  • d)
    1940
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Riverdale Learning Institute answered
The Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) was established in 1920, serving as the principal advisory body to the government on educational policies and programs.

Value education can be imparted through:
  • a)
    Incidental and accidental methods
  • b)
    Systematic and non-systematic methods
  • c)
    Direct and indirect methods
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Riverdale Learning Institute answered
Value education can be delivered both directly, through explicit teaching of values, and indirectly, by integrating values into everyday activities and interactions, thereby reinforcing these principles in a holistic manner.

Which National Policy on Education recommended a common educational structure of 10+2+3 in the Indian education system?
  • a)
    NPE-1968
  • b)
    NPE-1986
  • c)
    NPE-1992
  • d)
    NPE-2016
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Aaradhya Sharma answered
National Policy on Education (NPE) Overview
The National Policy on Education (NPE) is a comprehensive framework that guides the development of education in India. Among its various iterations, the NPE of 1986 is particularly significant for introducing structural changes in the educational system.
Common Educational Structure: 10+2+3
- The NPE-1986 recommended the establishment of a common educational structure of 10+2+3.
- This structure consists of:
- 10 years of schooling (primary and secondary education)
- 2 years of higher secondary education
- 3 years of undergraduate study
Rationale Behind the 10+2+3 Structure
- The 10+2+3 system aimed to create a more streamlined educational pathway.
- It facilitates better access to higher education and vocational training.
- This structure was designed to enhance the quality of education and provide students with a more holistic learning experience.
Impact on the Education System
- The NPE-1986 led to the establishment of a uniform educational structure across states.
- It aimed at promoting equity and inclusivity within the educational framework.
- This policy has influenced subsequent educational reforms and policies in India.
Conclusion
In summary, the NPE-1986 played a pivotal role in shaping the Indian education system by introducing the 10+2+3 structure. This policy not only aimed to improve educational standards but also to provide a clear pathway for students transitioning from school to higher education.

Patriotic values are categorized under:
  • a)
    Social values
  • b)
    Moral values
  • c)
    Health values
  • d)
    Ultimate values
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Prisha Reddy answered
Explanation:

- Social values:
Patriotic values are categorized under social values because they are beliefs and principles that promote love, loyalty, and devotion towards one's country. These values encourage individuals to contribute positively to their society, uphold the principles of democracy, and work towards the betterment of their nation as a whole.
- Moral values:
Patriotic values also fall under moral values as they involve a sense of duty, honor, and integrity towards one's country. These values guide individuals to act ethically, uphold the laws of the land, and respect the rights and freedoms of others. Patriotism often involves sacrificing personal interests for the greater good of the nation, which aligns with many moral principles.
- Health values:
Patriotic values are not directly related to health values, as they focus more on societal and moral aspects rather than physical well-being. While patriotism can sometimes lead individuals to engage in activities that promote national unity and solidarity, it is not primarily concerned with health-related behaviors or practices.
- Ultimate values:
Patriotic values can be considered as ultimate values for some individuals, as they represent a deep-seated commitment and attachment to one's country. These values may hold significant importance and priority in the lives of those who prioritize national identity and loyalty above all else. Ultimately, patriotic values can shape one's worldview, beliefs, and actions in profound ways.

What is the primary emphasis in conventional learning programmes ?
  • a)
    Practical skills development
  • b)
    Theoretical knowledge acquisition
  • c)
    Progressive education
  • d)
    Vocational training
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Samarth Banerjee answered
Understanding Conventional Learning Programs
Conventional learning programs are often characterized by their focus on structured educational systems that prioritize certain aspects of learning. One of the key emphases in these programs is progressive education.
What is Progressive Education?
Progressive education refers to an educational philosophy that advocates for a holistic and student-centered approach. Unlike traditional methods that often rely on rote memorization and standardized testing, progressive education emphasizes:
  • Active Learning: Students engage with the material through hands-on experiences and collaborative projects.
  • Critical Thinking: Encourages students to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information rather than passively receiving it.
  • Personal Growth: Focuses on the development of the whole child, including social, emotional, and ethical dimensions.

Why is it Emphasized in Conventional Learning?
The emphasis on progressive education in conventional learning programs stems from several factors:
  • Adaptability: It prepares students for a rapidly changing world by developing problem-solving skills and adaptability.
  • Engagement: Active learning strategies tend to increase student motivation and engagement in the learning process.
  • Long-term Retention: Students are more likely to retain information learned through meaningful experiences as opposed to memorization.

Conclusion
In summary, the primary emphasis on progressive education within conventional learning programs reflects a shift towards a more dynamic, interactive, and student-focused approach. This not only enriches the educational experience but also better equips students for future challenges.

What was one of the key recommendations put forth by the Kothari Education Commission, 1964-66 report?
  • a)
    Compulsory education only up to the age of 10.
  • b)
    Investment of 6% of national income on education.
  • c)
    Teaching only two languages in schools.
  • d)
    none
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sahil Sharma answered
Investment of 2% of national income on education:
The Kothari Education Commission, also known as the Education Commission of 1964-66, put forth several key recommendations to improve the education system in India. One of the most important recommendations was the investment of 2% of the national income on education. This recommendation aimed to significantly increase the allocation of funds towards education in the country.

Importance of the recommendation:
- The increase in funding for education would help in improving the quality of education by providing better infrastructure, resources, and facilities in schools and colleges.
- It would also help in promoting research and innovation in the field of education, leading to the development of new teaching methods and curriculum.
- The increased investment would ensure that all students, regardless of their socio-economic background, have access to quality education.

Challenges in implementing the recommendation:
- One of the major challenges in implementing this recommendation is the allocation of funds by the government. It requires a commitment from the government to prioritize education and allocate the necessary funds.
- There may also be challenges in ensuring the effective utilization of the funds allocated for education. Proper monitoring and evaluation mechanisms need to be in place to ensure that the funds are used efficiently.

Impact of the recommendation:
- If implemented successfully, the investment of 2% of the national income on education can have a transformative impact on the education system in India. It can help in bridging the gaps in access to education and improving the overall quality of education.
- This increased investment can also contribute to the overall development of the country by producing a skilled workforce that can drive economic growth and innovation.
In conclusion, the recommendation of investing 2% of the national income on education by the Kothari Education Commission is crucial for the development and improvement of the education system in India. It requires a concerted effort from the government, policymakers, and other stakeholders to ensure the effective implementation of this recommendation.

What is the role of IGNOU in the field of open and distance learning ?
  • a)
    Providing technical support to schools
  • b)
    Offering vocational training programs
  • c)
    Hosting counseling services for students
  • d)
    Engaging in global networking for open and distance learning
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Meera Kapoor answered
Role of IGNOU in Open and Distance Learning
The Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) plays a pivotal role in the realm of open and distance learning (ODL) in India and beyond. Its contributions are multi-faceted, but the most significant aspect is its engagement in global networking for ODL.
Global Networking
- Collaboration with International Institutions: IGNOU collaborates with various international universities and organizations to enhance the quality and reach of its educational programs. This cooperation allows for the exchange of resources, ideas, and best practices.
- Participating in Global Conferences: IGNOU actively participates in international conferences and forums, where it shares its experiences and learns from global advancements in ODL. This helps in positioning itself as a leader in the field.
- Research and Development: Through global networking, IGNOU engages in research initiatives that focus on innovative teaching methodologies and learning technologies, contributing to the evolution of ODL.
Impact on Students
- Enhanced Learning Opportunities: By being part of a global network, IGNOU provides students access to diverse learning resources and international perspectives, enriching their educational experience.
- Quality Assurance: The collaboration with global partners ensures that the educational standards at IGNOU meet international benchmarks, thereby enhancing the credibility of its programs.
Conclusion
In summary, IGNOU’s role in engaging in global networking significantly enhances the quality and scope of open and distance learning. This focus not only benefits the institution but also enriches the learning experience of students, preparing them to excel in a globalized world.

The main functions of administrative management include:
  • a)
    Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling
  • b)
    Planning, organizing, directing, and controlling
  • c)
    Planning, organizing, staffing, and directing
  • d)
    Planning, organizing, controlling, and representation
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Aishwarya Iyer answered
Overview of Administrative Management Functions
Administrative management plays a crucial role in ensuring that organizations run efficiently. The main functions encompass several key areas, which are:
1. Planning
- Establishing organizational goals and objectives.
- Identifying the necessary steps to achieve them.
- Allocating resources effectively.
2. Organizing
- Structuring the organization to facilitate coordination and collaboration.
- Defining roles and responsibilities within teams.
- Ensuring that resources are allocated to tasks as needed.
3. Staffing
- Recruiting and selecting the right personnel for various roles.
- Training and developing employees to enhance their skills.
- Ensuring that the organization has the necessary talent to achieve its objectives.
4. Directing
- Guiding and motivating employees to perform their tasks effectively.
- Communicating organizational goals and expectations.
- Providing leadership to ensure that teams work cohesively.
5. Controlling
- Monitoring organizational performance against established goals.
- Implementing corrective actions when necessary.
- Ensuring that the organization remains on track to meet its objectives.
Conclusion
The correct answer is option 'A' because it comprehensively includes all five critical functions of administrative management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Each function plays a vital role in ensuring that the organization operates smoothly and meets its goals effectively. By combining these functions, administrative management can create a structured approach to managing resources and personnel, ultimately leading to organizational success.

An important value to be introduced in colleges by a university is:
  • a)
    Human values
  • b)
    Social values
  • c)
    Institutional values
  • d)
    All of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Nakul Choudhary answered
Human Values:
Introducing human values in colleges by a university is crucial as it helps students develop a sense of empathy, compassion, and respect for others. By instilling human values such as honesty, integrity, and kindness, students are better equipped to navigate the complexities of the world and make ethical decisions in their personal and professional lives.

Social Values:
Social values play a significant role in shaping individuals as responsible citizens who contribute positively to society. By introducing social values like inclusivity, diversity, and environmental consciousness, colleges can create a more inclusive and sustainable learning environment. Students learn to respect differences, work collaboratively, and contribute to the welfare of the community.

Institutional Values:
Institutional values are essential for creating a cohesive and harmonious campus culture. By promoting values such as academic excellence, innovation, and accountability, universities can foster a culture of continuous learning and growth. Students are encouraged to strive for excellence, think critically, and take responsibility for their actions.

All of These:
By introducing a combination of human values, social values, and institutional values in colleges, universities can create a holistic educational experience that prepares students not only academically but also ethically and socially. This comprehensive approach helps students develop into well-rounded individuals who are equipped to face the challenges of the modern world with integrity and compassion.

Two ways of imparting value education are:
  • a)
    Incidental and accidental
  • b)
    Systematic and non-systematic
  • c)
    Direct and indirect
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Academia Elite answered
Value education can be imparted through direct methods, such as explicit teaching of values, and indirect methods, by integrating values into everyday activities and interactions, making the learning process comprehensive.

What was the primary focus of the Sharma Committee in 2009 regarding higher education in India?
  • a)
    Improving infrastructure in primary schools across the country.
  • b)
    Enhancing vocational training programs for students.
  • c)
    Promoting excellence in research in higher education.
  • d)
    Increasing budget allocations for secondary education.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Scholars Academy answered
The Sharma Committee in 2009 primarily focused on promoting excellence in research in higher education by supporting research programs of university and college teachers in various disciplines. This recommendation aimed to uplift the quality and quantity of scientific research in India, ensuring that the country remains competitive in the global research landscape.

In terms of sequential relationship, the first function requiring managerial attention is:
  • a)
    Planning
  • b)
    Coordinating
  • c)
    Directing
  • d)
    Controlling
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Academia Elite answered
Planning is the first managerial function, as it involves setting objectives and determining the best course of action to achieve them, forming the foundation for all subsequent management activities.

What is a key characteristic of non-conventional learning programmes ?
  • a)
    They follow a fixed curriculum.
  • b)
    They are primarily theory-based.
  • c)
    They are cost-effective.
  • d)
    They target only employed individuals.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Academia Elite answered
Non-conventional learning programmes are characterized by their cost-effectiveness, providing education through methods like online learning, distance education, and open schooling. This cost-effective approach makes education more accessible to a wider range of learners, including those who might not have the means to access traditional forms of education easily.

When was the Indian Institute of Science established?
  • a)
    1847
  • b)
    1909
  • c)
    1917
  • d)
    1951
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Academia Elite answered
The Indian Institute of Science was established in 1909 to provide research work and education in the fields of engineering and science.

What distinguishes student assessment in conventional learning programmes ?
  • a)
    Innovative online examinations
  • b)
    Peer-to-peer evaluations
  • c)
    Traditional assessment methods
  • d)
    Continuous assessment throughout the year
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Academia Elite answered
Student assessment in conventional learning programmes typically occurs through traditional methods. This implies evaluations such as exams, quizzes, essays, and other conventional assessment tools rather than more modern or alternative assessment approaches. These methods are often structured and standardized, aligning with the traditional nature of on-campus education.

Which National Policy on Education emphasized the need for a National Literacy Mission?
  • a)
    NPE-1968
  • b)
    NPE-1986
  • c)
    NPE-1992
  • d)
    NPE-2016
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Riverdale Learning Institute answered
The National Policy on Education of 1986 emphasized the establishment of a National Literacy Mission to eradicate illiteracy and promote adult education, aiming for significant improvements in literacy rates across the country

In which year did the Ministry of Environment and Forest, India launch the Environment Education Awareness and Training scheme?
  • a)
    1961-62
  • b)
    1971-72
  • c)
    1983-84
  • d)
    1993-94
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Academia Elite answered
The Ministry of Environment and Forest, India, launched the Environment Education Awareness and Training scheme in 1993-94 to raise awareness and educate the public about environmental issues.

Which National Policy on Education recommended the implementation of an All India Common Entrance Examination for admission to professional and technical programs?
  • a)
    NPE-1968
  • b)
    NPE-1986
  • c)
    NPE-1992
  • d)
    NPE-2016
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Riverdale Learning Institute answered
The National Policy on Education of 1986 suggested the implementation of an All India Common Entrance Examination to standardize admission processes for professional and technical programs across the country.

Education is listed in the Concurrent List of which Schedule in the Indian Constitution?
  • a)
    Sixth Schedule
  • b)
    Fifth Schedule
  • c)
    Seventh Schedule
  • d)
    Eighth Schedule
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Riverdale Learning Institute answered
Education is included in the Concurrent List under the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution, allowing both the central and state governments to legislate on educational matters.

Why did Western scholars take up the task of reviving ancient knowledge and wisdom?
  • a)
    To challenge the authenticity of ancient knowledge
  • b)
    To modernize ancient educational systems
  • c)
    To preserve and revive ancient knowledge and wisdom
  • d)
    To create a new approach to historical studies
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Academia Elite answered
Western scholars undertook the task of reviving ancient knowledge and wisdom to preserve the valuable heritage of the past. With the disappearance of ancient educational systems like the Gurukula System, there was a need to ensure that the knowledge and wisdom of earlier civilizations were not lost to history. By reviving and preserving this ancient knowledge, Western scholars aimed to maintain a connection to the past and its teachings.

What is the primary role of the Chancellor in the structure of open universities in India?
  • a)
    Overseeing academics and finances
  • b)
    Directing study centers in every district
  • c)
    Appointing Directors and Principals
  • d)
    Managing financial matters with State University and UGC
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Scholars Academy answered
The Chancellor in the structure of open universities in India primarily oversees academics and finances. This role involves providing strategic direction and leadership to ensure the academic and financial aspects of the university are managed effectively and in alignment with the institution's objectives.

Which course is NOT typically included under professional education?
  • a)
    BBA
  • b)
    MBA
  • c)
    MCA in Management
  • d)
    PhD in Philosophy
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Academia Elite answered
PhD in Philosophy is not typically included under professional education, which focuses on practical skills for employment in sectors like banking, media, and management.

The primary goal of value education should be to:
  • a)
    Increase state income
  • b)
    Increase teachers' income
  • c)
    Control guardian's expenditure on child's schooling
  • d)
    Eliminate violence and fanaticism
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Riverdale Learning Institute answered
The core objective of value education is to promote ethical behavior and social harmony, which includes eliminating violence and fanaticism by fostering understanding, tolerance, and respect among individuals.

Which bodies provide funding for higher education in India?
  • a)
    Only UGC
  • b)
    Only Municipal Corporation and Zila Parishad
  • c)
    UGC, State Government, and Central Government
  • d)
    All of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Academia Elite answered
The University Grants Commission (UGC), State Governments, and the Central Government collectively provide funding for higher education in India to ensure resources are allocated for educational development and infrastructure.

Value-oriented education primarily helps in developing:
  • a)
    Character
  • b)
    Cultural values
  • c)
    Vocational efficiency
  • d)
    All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Academia Elite answered
Value-oriented education contributes to the holistic development of individuals by enhancing character, cultural values, and vocational efficiency, ensuring they are well-rounded and competent in various aspects of life.

Value education aims to develop a student into a:
  • a)
    Good citizen
  • b)
    Successful businessman
  • c)
    Popular teacher
  • d)
    Efficient manager
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Riverdale Learning Institute answered
Value education focuses on instilling ethical and moral values, which help shape a student into a responsible and conscientious member of society, thereby making them a good citizen.

Who is appointed by the Visitor/Chancellor on the recommendations of the Executive Council?
  • a)
    The Vice-Chancellor
  • b)
    Pro Vice-Chancellor
  • c)
    The Chancellor
  • d)
    Deans
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Academia Elite answered
The Vice-Chancellor is appointed by the Visitor or Chancellor based on the recommendations of the Executive Council, serving as the chief executive officer of the university and overseeing its administration.

Which course is offered under skill-based education for a career in fashion?
  • a)
    B.Ed
  • b)
    MBA
  • c)
    Fashion Designing
  • d)
    Mass Communication
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Academia Elite answered
Fashion Designing is a course offered under skill-based education, focusing on developing practical skills for a career in fashion.

Which initiative was launched in 2015 to provide skill development training in India?
  • a)
    NVEQF
  • b)
    KAUSHAL
  • c)
    PMKVY
  • d)
    DEC
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Academia Elite answered
The Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) was launched in 2015 by the Government of India to provide skill development training and employment opportunities to youths.

In which year did the Supreme Court of India rule that an Environmental Education course should be mandatory at the undergraduate level?
  • a)
    1961
  • b)
    1971
  • c)
    1981
  • d)
    1991
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Riverdale Learning Institute answered
The Supreme Court of India ruled in 1991 that Environmental Education should be a mandatory course at the undergraduate level to ensure students are aware of environmental issues and the importance of sustainability.

What is the primary focus of Oriental studies in Europe according to traditional Oriental studies?
  • a)
    The study of Far Eastern societies and cultures
  • b)
    The discipline of Islamic studies
  • c)
    The exploration of Near Eastern languages
  • d)
    The analysis of ancient Greek and Roman civilizations
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Academia Elite answered
Traditional Oriental studies in Europe are primarily focused on the discipline of Islamic studies. This field encompasses a wide range of topics related to Islamic civilizations, including language, history, culture, and religion. Islamic studies play a crucial role in understanding the rich heritage of the Islamic world and its impact on global history and society.

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