All questions of Week 18 for CLAT Exam

• Quo Warranto is a petition through which a person is asked under what authority or power he has acted or taken a decision.
• The purpose of this writ is to restrain a person from holding a public office which he is not entitled.
• When a person starts acting as an officer of which he is not legally entitled, the court asks by this writ on what grounds he is acting in this position.
• This writ prohibits a person or an officer from performing an office for which he is not authorized, and thus, this writ prohibits the taking of public office by any person.

√8 - √4 - √2
= 2√2 - 2 - √2
= √2-2
Hence option (b) is correct

21% of 1400 is 294 18 % of 750 is 135 294-135 is 159

8/100×800x=224 64x=224 x=3.5

An easy way (here) just multiply units digit of two number
6×7=42 so whatever the number will be it will have unit place 2 therefore the answer is D

In the last line it is given tht dacoits fought against injustice tht ..validates the statement tht they do have ethics ...but opposite is given in this question so option d is correct

The correct completion is "Have you ever gone to Paris?" In the Present Perfect Tense, 'have' is followed by the past participle form of the verb, 'gone' in this case, to ask about life experiences.

They have said tht Indians of.. mid age... are .more ..obese and Then they have said tht In developing countries, majority will be in the age group of 45 to 64 tht can be considered as mid age so , India nay be a developing country but it is not given explicitly ...so we chose option c

Analysis:

Given Facts:
- India has the largest number of diabetes patients in the world.
- It is estimated that the number of diabetics in India will surpass those in China by 2025.
- Diabetics are more prone to develop coronary artery disease.
- Women with diabetes tend to develop heart disease at an earlier age.
- Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness, renal failure, and cardiovascular diseases.
- Predisposition of Indians to diabetes may be due to genetic factors and central obesity.
- Urban areas show a higher prevalence of central obesity compared to rural areas.
- Majority of people with diabetes in developing countries will be in the age group of 45 to 64.
- Experts stress the need for preventive measures to tackle diabetes.

Inference:

India has neither the required potential nor any comprehensive plan to reduce the number of diabetes cases.

Evaluation:
- While it is true that India is facing a significant challenge with the rising number of diabetes cases and there are factors contributing to this trend such as genetic predisposition and lifestyle choices, it would be an overstatement to conclude that India lacks the potential or a comprehensive plan to address the issue.
- The passage itself mentions the need for preventive measures and the importance of encouraging physical activity to combat diabetes.
- Therefore, it can be inferred that while India may be facing a substantial diabetes burden, efforts are being made to address the issue, indicating that the inference is probably false as there are active measures being taken to tackle the problem.

Incorrect Use of Past Perfect Tense:

Explanation:

Option D: We had met each other for the first time last year.

Explanation:
The Past Perfect Tense is used to indicate that an action took place before another action in the past. In this sentence, the use of "had met" is incorrect because there is no clear indication of another action that happened after the meeting. The sentence would be more appropriate if it was written as "We met each other for the first time last year," without the Past Perfect Tense.

In contrast, options A, B, and C correctly use the Past Perfect Tense to show the sequence of events in the past.

Therefore, option D is the one with the incorrect use of the Past Perfect Tense.

The correct sentence is "She has visited London last year." The Present Perfect Tense is used here with 'has' followed by the past participle 'visited' for a singular third-person subject.

Doctrine of Judicial Review

The doctrine of judicial review is a fundamental principle of constitutional law that grants the power to the judiciary to interpret laws and determine their consistency with the constitution. This doctrine allows the judiciary to declare a law or government action as unconstitutional and void if it is found to be inconsistent with the provisions of the constitution.

Explanation:

1. Definition:
The doctrine of judicial review is the power of the judiciary to interpret the law and declare it inconsistent with the constitution void. It is a key feature of constitutional democracies and is essential for the protection of individual rights and the maintenance of the rule of law.

2. Role of the Judiciary:
The judiciary plays a crucial role in the interpretation and application of laws. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and it is the responsibility of the judiciary to ensure that all laws and government actions conform to its provisions. Through the power of judicial review, the judiciary acts as a check on the legislative and executive branches of government, ensuring that they do not exceed their constitutional authority.

3. Scope of Judicial Review:
The power of judicial review allows the judiciary to examine the constitutionality of laws, regulations, executive orders, and other government actions. The judiciary can declare a law or action unconstitutional if it violates the rights and principles enshrined in the constitution.

4. Purpose and Significance:
The doctrine of judicial review is essential for upholding the supremacy of the constitution and protecting individual rights. It ensures that the government operates within the limits prescribed by the constitution and prevents the infringement of fundamental rights. By declaring unconstitutional laws void, the judiciary safeguards the rights and liberties of citizens and prevents the abuse of power by the government.

5. Examples:
The doctrine of judicial review has been used in various landmark cases around the world. For example, in the United States, the Supreme Court's power of judicial review was established in the famous case of Marbury v. Madison (1803). In India, the Supreme Court has used its power of judicial review to strike down laws that violate fundamental rights, such as the case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973).

In conclusion, the doctrine of judicial review empowers the judiciary to interpret the law and declare it inconsistent with the constitution void. It is a crucial mechanism for ensuring the supremacy of the constitution, protecting individual rights, and maintaining the rule of law.

The concept of secularism been mentioned?

The concept of secularism in the Indian Constitution has been mentioned in several places.

1. Preamble: The Preamble of the Indian Constitution declares India to be a "sovereign socialist secular democratic republic," indicating the commitment to secularism as one of the foundational principles of the country.

2. Article 25: Article 25 of the Indian Constitution guarantees freedom of religion to all individuals. It states that all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess, practice, and propagate religion.

3. Article 26: Article 26 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right of every religious denomination or any section thereof to manage its own religious affairs, including the right to establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes.

4. Article 27: Article 27 of the Indian Constitution prohibits the state from levying any tax for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion. This ensures that the state remains neutral and does not favor any religion over others.

5. Article 28: Article 28 of the Indian Constitution prohibits religious instruction in educational institutions wholly maintained by state funds. This ensures that public educational institutions remain secular and do not promote any particular religion.

These provisions reflect the secular character of the Indian Constitution and its commitment to maintaining a state that is neutral and treats all religions equally.

Understanding the Correct Sentence
In the given options, the correct choice is option C: "We have completed the project." Here’s a detailed breakdown of why this sentence is grammatically correct:
1. Subject-Verb Agreement
- The subject "We" is plural, and the verb "have" correctly agrees with it.
- In English, the verb form must match the subject in number (singular/plural).
2. Correct Verb Form
- The phrase "have completed" uses the present perfect tense.
- "Completed" is the past participle of the verb "complete," which is appropriate for expressing an action that has relevance to the present.
3. Tense Usage
- The present perfect tense indicates that the action (completing the project) has occurred at some unspecified time before now.
- It emphasizes the result of the action, which is that the project is finished.
4. Comparison with Other Options
- Option A: "We has completed the project."
- Incorrect because "has" is singular and does not agree with "We."
- Option B: "We have complete the project."
- Incorrect as "complete" is the base form and should be "completed" to indicate the past action.
- Option D: "We are completed the project."
- Incorrect because "are" suggests a continuous action and does not work with "completed," which is a completed action.
Conclusion
Option C is the only grammatically correct sentence, clearly conveying that the action of completing the project has been successfully accomplished. Understanding subject-verb agreement and the correct use of tenses is crucial in English grammar, especially for competitive exams like SSC CGL.

Incorrect Use of Past Perfect Tense in a Sequence of Events

The sentence with an incorrect use of Past Perfect Tense in a sequence of events is option 'B'.

Explanation:

The Past Perfect Tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in the past. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "had" followed by the past participle of the main verb. The incorrect use of the Past Perfect Tense in option 'B' is as follows:

Option 'B': They had already left by the time we have arrived.

In this sentence, the past perfect tense "had already left" is correctly used to describe the action of leaving, which happened before the action of arriving. However, the present perfect tense "we have arrived" is incorrectly used to describe the action of arriving. Since both actions happened in the past, the correct verb form to use would be the simple past tense "we arrived."

Corrected Sentence: They had already left by the time we arrived.

By using the simple past tense for both actions, the sentence now correctly shows that the action of leaving happened before the action of arriving.

The other options in the given sequence of events use the Past Perfect Tense correctly:

Option 'A': After he had finished his homework, he went to play.
The Past Perfect Tense "had finished" is used correctly to show that the action of finishing homework happened before the action of going to play.

Option 'C': We had booked the tickets before the show was sold out.
The Past Perfect Tense "had booked" is used correctly to show that the action of booking the tickets happened before the action of the show being sold out.

Option 'D': By the time she reached the station, the train had already left.
The Past Perfect Tense "had already left" is used correctly to show that the action of leaving happened before the action of reaching the station.

Therefore, the sentence in option 'B' is the one with an incorrect use of Past Perfect Tense, as it combines it with the present perfect tense.

The correct use of the Past Perfect Tense in this context is to express an action completed before a specified time. Option C, "He had finished his work before the deadline," adheres to this structure.

The correct answer is "I have gone to the gym three times this week." In the Present Perfect Tense, 'have' is used with the first person singular subject 'I', followed by the past participle form 'gone'. This tense is often used to describe actions that have occurred within a specific time period up to the present.

Introduction:
The Constitution of India is a comprehensive document that outlines the fundamental principles, rights, and duties of the citizens of India. It also distributes powers between the Union (central government) and the states. One important aspect of the Constitution is the division of legislative powers between the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.

Explanation:
The Union List, State List, and Concurrent List are three separate lists that categorize various subjects and specify which level of government has the authority to make laws on those subjects. The Union List includes subjects on which only the central government can legislate, such as defense, foreign affairs, and atomic energy. The State List includes subjects on which only the state governments can legislate, such as police, public health, and agriculture. The Concurrent List includes subjects on which both the central and state governments can legislate, such as criminal law, marriage, and divorce.

Public Order:
Public Order is an important subject that concerns the maintenance of law and order, prevention of crime, and protection of public safety and tranquility. It involves the regulation of activities that could potentially disrupt public peace and harmony. The power to legislate on matters related to public order is vested primarily in the state governments. Hence, Public Order is included in the State List of the Indian Constitution.

Importance of Public Order:
Public Order is crucial for the smooth functioning of society and the protection of individual rights and freedoms. It ensures that citizens can live peacefully and without fear of violence or disruption. Public Order laws cover various aspects, including the prevention and control of riots, maintenance of public safety, regulation of assemblies and processions, and management of law enforcement agencies.

Residuary Powers:
Residuary Powers refer to subjects that are not explicitly mentioned in any of the three lists - Union List, State List, or Concurrent List. These powers are vested in the central government. However, Public Order is not included in the Residuary Powers. It is specifically mentioned in the State List, indicating that the state governments have the primary authority to legislate on matters related to Public Order.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Public Order is included in the State List of the Indian Constitution. This means that the state governments have the authority to make laws and take necessary actions to maintain public peace, prevent crime, and ensure public safety. Public Order is a crucial subject that contributes to the overall well-being of society and the protection of individual rights.

5+5=

Explanation:

Past Perfect Tense:
The Past Perfect Tense is used to show actions that were completed before another past action or point in time.

Sentence Analysis:
- Sentence (a) "She had visited the museum before she will go to the park" correctly uses the Past Perfect Tense.
- The sentence shows that the action of visiting the museum (Past Perfect) happened before the action of going to the park (Simple Future).
- The use of "had visited" indicates that the action of visiting the museum was completed before the action of going to the park.
- Sentence (b) "By the time we arrived, they leave the party" is incorrect.
- The correct form would be "By the time we arrived, they had left the party" to show that the action of leaving the party happened before the time of arrival.
- Sentence (c) "He will finish his homework before he had played video games" is also incorrect.
- The correct form would be "He will finish his homework before he plays video games" to show the sequence of actions in the future.
- Sentence (d) "They had already eaten dinner when I have arrived" is incorrect.
- The correct form would be "They had already eaten dinner when I arrived" to show that the action of eating dinner was completed before the arrival.
Therefore, Sentence (a) is the only one that correctly uses the Past Perfect Tense.

Incorrect Inference:
Building new hospitals does not add to the existing infrastructure in healthcare

Explanation:

Given Facts:
- The passage highlights the poor state of healthcare infrastructure in India, particularly at the village level.
- It mentions that the focus on building tertiary hospitals using loans and aid programmes is overlooking the lack of infrastructure at the village level.
- The Community Health Worker (CHW) programme has been decimated, leading to inadequate healthcare infrastructure at the grassroots level.

Analysis:
- The inference that building new hospitals does not add to the existing healthcare infrastructure is definitely false.
- While the passage criticizes the emphasis on building tertiary hospitals without addressing the infrastructure at the village level, it does not imply that building new hospitals has no impact on healthcare infrastructure.
- Building new hospitals can contribute to improving healthcare services in areas where they are needed. However, the passage emphasizes the importance of addressing the lack of infrastructure at the grassroots level rather than solely focusing on tertiary hospitals.

Conclusion:
- The inference that building new hospitals does not add to the existing infrastructure in healthcare is definitely false based on the facts presented in the passage.

The powers of panchayats in India are stated in the 11th schedule of the Indian Constitution. The 11th schedule was added to the Constitution by the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992, which aimed to strengthen and decentralize local self-government in rural areas.

The 11th schedule provides a list of 29 functional items that fall within the purview of panchayats. These functional items include various subjects related to local governance, such as agriculture, land improvement, social forestry, education, health, and sanitation. The schedule also specifies the powers and responsibilities of panchayats in relation to these subjects.

The inclusion of the 11th schedule in the Constitution was a significant step towards empowering panchayats and giving them a constitutional status. It recognizes the importance of local self-government in rural areas and aims to ensure that panchayats have the necessary powers and resources to perform their functions effectively.

The 11th schedule also serves as a guide for the states in devolving powers and functions to the panchayats. It provides a framework for the delegation of powers from the state government to the panchayats and ensures that there is clarity and uniformity in the distribution of functions between different levels of government.

Moreover, the 11th schedule also lays down the powers of the panchayats in relation to planning and development. It requires the panchayats to prepare plans for economic development and social justice, and it empowers them to levy taxes, collect fees, and receive grants-in-aid from the government for the purposes of local governance.

In conclusion, the 11th schedule of the Indian Constitution is where the powers and functions of panchayats are stated. It plays a crucial role in empowering and decentralizing local self-government in rural areas, and it provides a framework for the devolution of powers from the state government to the panchayats.