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All questions of Prokaryotic Cells (BIO) for MCAT Exam

Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotes?
  • a)
    Prokaryotes have a nucleus.
  • b)
    Prokaryotes are multicellular organisms.
  • c)
    Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles.
  • d)
    Prokaryotes undergo mitosis for cell division.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus, mitochondria, or endoplasmic reticulum. Instead, their genetic material is present in a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region.
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Prokaryotes play a vital role in ecosystem functioning by:
  • a)
    Decomposing organic matter
  • b)
    Producing oxygen through photosynthesis
  • c)
    Cycling nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen
  • d)
    All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
Prokaryotes have essential ecological roles, including decomposing organic matter, producing oxygen through photosynthesis (in certain prokaryotes), and cycling nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen. These processes are fundamental for the balance and functioning of ecosystems.

Prokaryotes exhibit a high degree of genetic diversity due to:
  • a)
    Sexual reproduction
  • b)
    Genetic recombination
  • c)
    Mitosis
  • d)
    Apoptosis
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
Prokaryotes exhibit genetic diversity through genetic recombination. This occurs through processes such as horizontal gene transfer, transformation, transduction, and conjugation, which allow for the exchange of genetic material between prokaryotic cells.

Prokaryotes obtain energy through various metabolic processes. Which of the following is NOT a common metabolic strategy of prokaryotes?
  • a)
    Photosynthesis
  • b)
    Cellular respiration
  • c)
    Fermentation
  • d)
    Endocytosis
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
Prokaryotes do not perform endocytosis, which is a process by which eukaryotic cells engulf external materials. Instead, prokaryotes obtain nutrients through processes such as photosynthesis, cellular respiration, or fermentation.

Prokaryotes are found in a wide range of habitats, including:
  • a)
    Soil
  • b)
    Freshwater
  • c)
    Extreme environments (e.g., hot springs, deep-sea vents)
  • d)
    All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
Prokaryotes are incredibly diverse and can be found in various habitats, including soil, freshwater, and extreme environments such as hot springs and deep-sea vents. They have adapted to survive and thrive in a wide range of conditions.

Prokaryotes play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle by:
  • a)
    Fixing nitrogen gas into ammonia
  • b)
    Releasing nitrogen gas into the atmosphere
  • c)
    Converting ammonia into nitrogen gas
  • d)
    Absorbing nitrogen gas from the environment
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
Certain prokaryotes, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, have the ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3) through a process called nitrogen fixation. This ammonia can then be used by other organisms in the ecosystem.

Prokaryotes reproduce through a process called:
  • a)
    Mitosis
  • b)
    Meiosis
  • c)
    Binary fission
  • d)
    Conjugation
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
Prokaryotes reproduce through binary fission, a process in which a single prokaryotic cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This process allows for rapid population growth in prokaryotic organisms.

Which of the following is NOT a domain of prokaryotes?
  • a)
    Bacteria
  • b)
    Archaea
  • c)
    Eukarya
  • d)
    Cyanobacteria
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
Prokaryotes are classified into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea. The domain Eukarya includes organisms with eukaryotic cells, which have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of prokaryotes?
  • a)
    Presence of membrane-bound organelles
  • b)
    Presence of a nucleus
  • c)
    Presence of mitochondria
  • d)
    Presence of a cell wall
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
Prokaryotes have a cell wall that provides structural support and protection. The cell wall composition varies among different types of prokaryotes, with bacteria having peptidoglycan in their cell wall, while archaea have different types of cell wall structures.

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