All questions of CTET Full Mock Test Paper 2 (Social Science) for CTET & State TET Exam

Which of the following pedagogical approaches exhibited by four different teachers for teaching 'Industrialisation' is most appropriate?
  • a)
    The teacher believes that she must cover the entire process of industrialisation in detail, and brings in copious material to the class.
  • b)
    The teacher asks the class to read the entire lesson silently and ask questions if they have not understood.
  • c)
    The teacher is a believer in the timeless glory of the textbook and teaches by explaining every word and asking comprehension questions to students.
  • d)
    The teacher is aware of multiple approaches to pedagogy and plans a trip to an industry in the nearby area to demonstrate the concepts, discuss and debate in groups the issues and then in a plenary, sum up the conclusions.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

The class consists of a number of students who differ in their learning abilities. The teacher must be aware of multiple approaches to pedagogy, so that she can address the learning abilities of all the students in the class. Besides, a trip to an industry provides real time experience to the students. The students are able to establish a link between theoretical knowledge, as well as practical knowledge of the subject. The discussion and debates in the class enhance participative learning. The teacher then, after discussions, can solve the queries, and sum up the conclusions.
Hence, this approach is the most appropriate since it addresses all the five senses of the students.

'Prediction' as a subskill is associated with: 
  • a)
    reading 
  • b)
    drafting
  • c)
    summarising 
  • d)
    note making
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
Language skills are necessary for effective communication in any environment and to interact with others. It allows an individual to comprehend and produce language for proper and effective interpersonal communication.
  • The four basic language skills and their natural order are listening-speaking-reading-writing. These foundational skills of language are divided into two categories which are receptive and productive skills.

Social science as a discipline is a combination of:
  • a)
    Sociology, culture, evolution, economics
  • b)
    Anthropology, sociology, culture, history
  • c)
    History, anthropology, science, psychology 
  • d)
    History, economics, language, music 
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Aspire Academy answered
Social science is any field of academic study or science that examines human behavior in its social and cultural dimensions.
  • Social studies is not a subject, instead functioning as a field of study that incorporates many different subjects.
  • It includes the subjects of Anthropology, sociology, culture history, geography, economics, civics, and sociology.
  • The field of study itself focuses on human beings and their respective relationships. With that, many of these subjects include some form of social utility that is beneficial to the subject field itself.
​Thus, we can say that Social science as a discipline is a combination of Anthropology, sociology, culture, history.

Consider the following statements regarding Population:
A. The way in which people are spread across the earth surface is known as the pattern of population distribution.
B. More than 90 per cent of the world’s population lives in about 30 percent of the land surface.
C. The distribution of population in the world is extremely uneven.
Choose the correct option?
  • a)
    Only A is correct
  • b)
    Only A and B is correct
  • c)
    All A, B, and C are Correct
  • d)
    Only C is correct
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
  • How people are spread across the Earth's surface is known as the pattern of population distribution.
  • More than 90 per cent of the world's population lives on about 30 per cent of the land surface.
  • The distribution of population in the world is extremely uneven.
  • Some areas are very crowded and some are sparely populated.
  • The crowded areas are south and southeast Asia, Europe and Northeastern North America.
  • Very few people live in high-latitude areas, tropical deserts, and high mountains are areas of equatorial forests.
  • Sixty per cent of the world's population stays in 10 countries.
  • Factors affecting the distribution of population are geographical, social, cultural and economic factors.
Thus, we can say that the above statements about the population are correct.

Which rural settlement is known to have a circular shape?
  • a)
    In this shape the roads are rectangular and cross each other at right angles.
  • b)
    The houses are situated along the road and railway line.
  • c)
    Villages develop on the banks of lakes.
  • d)
    They may be agricultural villages.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
  • Usually, rural settlements are located near water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and springs where water can be easily obtained. Sometimes the need for water drives people to settle in otherwise disadvantaged sites such as islands surrounded by swamps or low-lying riverbanks.
  • Circular pattern: Circular villages develop around lakes, and tanks, and sometimes the village is planned in such a way that the central part remains open and is used for keeping the animals to protect them from wild animals.

Directions: Select the most appropriate option.
Compounding is
  • a)
    stringing together older words like the formation of 'earthquake' from 'earth' and 'quake'
  • b)
    removing seeming affixes from existing words, such as forming 'edit' from 'editor'
  • c)
    joining parts of two or more older words, such as forming 'smog', which comes from 'smoke' and 'fog'
  • d)
    forming new words from existing ones by adding affixes to them, like shame + less + ness, 'shamelessness'
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

In linguistics, a compound is a lexeme (less precisely, a word) that consists of more than one stem. Compounding, composition or nominal composition is the process of word formation that creates compound lexemes. That is, in familiar terms, compounding occurs when two or more words are joined to make one longer word. There are three forms of compound words:
The closed form, in which the words are melded together, such as firefly, secondhand, softball, childlike, crosstown, redhead, keyboard, makeup, notebook;
The hyphenated form, such as daughter-in-law, master-at-arms, over-the-counter, six-pack, six-year-old, mass-produced; and The open form, such as post office, real estate, middle class, full moon, half sister, attorney general.
Blending: A blend is a word formed by joining parts of two words after clipping. An example is 'smog', which comes from 'smoke' and 'fog', or 'brunch', which comes from 'breakfast' and 'lunch'.

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely, and the grass was richly green. The people of the village began to gather in the square, between the post office and the bank, around ten o’clock; in some towns, there were so many people that the lottery took two days and had to be started on June 20th, but in this village, where there were only about three hundred people, the whole lottery took less than two hours so that it could begin at ten o’clock in the morning and still be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner.
The children assembled first, of course. The school was recently over for the summer, and the feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them; they tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke into boisterous play, and their talk was still of the classroom and the teacher, of books and reprimands. Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones; Bobby and Harry Jones and Dickie Delacroix—the villagers pronounced this name “Dellacroy”—eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys. The girls stood aside, talking among themselves, looking over their shoulders at the boys, and the tiny children rolled in the dust or clung to the hands of their older brothers or sisters.
Soon the men began to gather, surveying their own children, speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes. They stood together, away from the pile of stones in the corner, and their jokes were quiet, and they smiled rather than laughed. The women, wearing faded house dresses and sweaters, came shortly after their menfolk. They greeted one another and exchanged bits of gossip as they went to join their husbands. Soon the women, standing by their husbands, began to call to their children, and the children came reluctantly, having to be called four or five times. Bobby Martin ducked under his mother’s grasping hand and ran, laughing, back to the pile of stones. His father spoke up sharply, and Bobby came quickly and took his place between his father and his oldest brother.
Q. Which one of the following words is the most similar in the meaning to the word "tiny" as used in the passage (Para 2)?
  • a)
    Colossal
  • b)
    Prodigious
  • c)
    Titanic
  • d)
    Bitsy
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

  • Tiny: very small or diminutive, minute.
    Example: He's from a tiny town that you've probably never heard of.
  • Bitsy: very small in size.
    Example: It's just a bitsy blister, but it's right on my heel so that I feel it every time I take a step.
​Thus, "bitsy" is the most similar in meaning to "tiny".

Who among the following has described the 'status of muslim merchants of Kerala'?
  • a)
    Al Masoodi 
  • b)
    Saint Thomas 
  • c)
    Ibn Batuta
  • d)
    Al Baruni
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Aspire Academy answered
  • Ibn Batuta was an explorer who travelled extensively in the lands of Afro-Eurasia, largely in Muslim world.
  • He wrote one of the most famous travel books, The Rihla (Travels).
  • He has recorded the huge presence of Muskim merchants and settlements of sojourning traders in most of the ports of Kerala.
  • He has described the status of muslim merchants of Kerala.
  • His great works describe his extensive travels covering some 750,000 miles.
Thus, we can say that Ibn Batuta described the ''status of muslim merchants of Kerala".

Which of the following wood is not found in the Himalayan forests of India?
  • a)
    Silver-fur
  • b)
    Bluepine
  • c)
    Ebony
  • d)
    White willow
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Natural vegetation refers to plants that have not been manufactured or processed by humans in any way. The varieties of natural vegetation are influenced by precipitation, soil, atmosphere, and geography.
  • The Indian ebony tree is endemic to central India and is also known in Chhattisgarh as kendu and tendu.
  • The Indian beedi, or traditional cigarette of India, is made from tendu leaves.
  • It is a popular and highly sought-after dark, sturdy, and high-quality wood for furniture and woodwork.
  • It may be found in the Indian state of Karnataka.
  • The climate in the Himalayas is different from Central India. It is not favourable to the growth of ebony trees.
  • Silver-fir, Blue-Pine, White willow all grow on the Himalayan mountain. 
Hence, Ebony is not found in the Himalayan forests.

Veda Samaj was established in ______. 
  • a)
    Madras
  • b)
    Bombay
  • c)
    Calcutta
  • d)
    Ahmedabad
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Dia Mehta answered
  • Veda Samaj was established by Keshab Chandra Sen and K. Sridharalu Naidu.
  • Established in Madras (Chennai) in 1864. 
  • The Veda Samaj was inspired by the Brahmo Samaj.
  • An important ideology of the members of Veda Samaj was regarding marriage and the funeral rituals as matters of routine, destitute of all religious significance.

NCF 2005 emphasizes the most is:
  • a)
    To solve hard questions
  • b)
    To memorise the concepts
  • c)
    On construction of knowledge
  • d)
    To do mathematics speedily
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 is an education policy document in India that provides guidelines for school curriculum development. 
  • The NCF 2005 emphasizes a constructivist approach to learning, which focuses on students actively constructing their knowledge and understanding through hands-on experiences, problem-solving, critical thinking, and inquiry-based learning.
  • The framework emphasizes the development of higher-order thinking skills, application of knowledge to real-life situations, and fostering a deep understanding of concepts rather than rote memorization.
  • It promotes a student-centered approach to education that encourages active engagement and the ability to think critically and creatively.
Hence, we can conclude that NCF 2005 emphasizes that most is on construction of knowledge.

If a student frequently remains inattentive in class, he or she should be:
  • a)
    Punished hard
  • b)
    Expelled from school
  • c)
    Advised to stop reading in school
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Aspire Academy answered
If the teacher comes to know that a student is absent in the class, in such a case, instead of expelling/punishing/preventing him/her from attending the class, the teacher should know the reason for his/her negligence and find out the appropriate remedy.
Improving Teacher Preparation in Classroom Management
  • Provide teacher candidates with instructional approaches for classroom management through coursework and guided practice with feedback, and
  • Address the challenges facing teacher candidates and new teachers in creating a positive classroom context

The approach that is very useful in organizing the content in history is:
  • a)
    Concentric approach
  • b)
    Topical approach
  • c)
    Spiral approach
  • d)
    Chronological approach
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Karan Menon answered
The correct answer is option 'D', the chronological approach. Let's understand why this approach is very useful in organizing the content in history.

1. Introduction:
The chronological approach is a method of organizing content based on the sequence of events in time. It focuses on presenting historical information in a linear and chronological order, starting from the earliest events and progressing towards the most recent ones.

2. Clear Presentation of Historical Progression:
Using the chronological approach allows historians and students to clearly understand the progression of historical events. It provides a clear timeline and helps establish cause-and-effect relationships between different events.

3. Contextual Understanding:
By organizing content chronologically, it becomes easier to understand the historical context in which events took place. This approach enables students to see the connections and influences between different periods, civilizations, and developments.

4. Development of Historical Narratives:
The chronological approach helps in developing coherent historical narratives. By following a chronological order, students can analyze and interpret historical events in a logical and comprehensive manner. This approach enables them to identify patterns, trends, and changes over time.

5. Building a Foundation of Knowledge:
Using the chronological approach in history education helps students build a solid foundation of knowledge. It ensures that they have a clear understanding of the sequence of events and the historical timeline. This knowledge serves as a basis for further exploration and analysis of more complex historical topics.

6. Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills:
The chronological approach encourages students to think critically and analyze historical events in their proper sequence. It enables them to evaluate the causes, consequences, and significance of each event in relation to the overall historical context. This approach fosters analytical thinking and the ability to draw connections between different historical periods.

7. Retention of Information:
Organizing content chronologically aids in the retention of historical information. Students are able to remember and recall events more effectively when they are presented in a clear and logical order. This approach helps in creating a coherent and memorable narrative of history.

In conclusion, the chronological approach is highly useful in organizing the content in history. It provides a clear timeline, promotes contextual understanding, helps in the development of historical narratives, builds a foundation of knowledge, enhances critical thinking skills, and aids in the retention of information.

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. 
Nature is an infinite source of beauty. Sunrise and sunset, mountains and rivers, lakes and glaciers, forests and fields provide joy and bliss to the human mind and heart for hours together. Everything in nature is splendid and divine. Every day and every season of the year has a peculiar beauty to unfold. Only one should have eyes to behold it and a heart to feel it like the English poet William Wordsworth who after seeing daffodils said: And then my heart with pleasure fills and dances with the daffodils?
Nature is a great teacher. Early man was thrilled with the beauty and wonders of nature. The Aryans worshipped nature. One can learn lessons in the vast school of nature. Unfortunately, the strife, the stress and the tension of modern life have made people immune to the beauties of nature. Their life is so full of care that they have no time to stand and stare. They cannot enjoy the beauty of lowing rivers, swinging trees, flying birds and majestic mountains and hills. There is, however, a cry to go back to the village from the concrete and artificial jungle of cities. Hence the town planners of today pay special attention to providing enough natural scenic spots in town planning To develop a balanced personality, one needs to have a healthy attitude which can make us appreciate and enjoy the beauty of nature. There is another balm to soothe our tired souls and listless minds than the infinite nature all around us. We should enjoy it fully to lead a balanced and harmonious life, full of peace and tranquility.
Q. What are the town planners doing today?
  • a)
    Providing facilities for enjoying nature
  • b)
    Establishing balance between concrete and artificial jungle of cities
  • c)
    Supporting the cry to go back to villages
  • d)
    Making efforts to inculcate healthy attitude among people
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

When you the 2nd paragraph of the given passage, you will find the following lines:
  • Nature is a great teacher. Early man was thrilled with the beauty and wonders of nature. The Aryans worshipped nature. One can learn lessons in the vast school of nature. Unfortunately, the strife, the stress and the tension of modern life have made people immune to the beauties of nature. Their life is so full of care that they have no time to stand and stare. They cannot enjoy the beauty of lowing rivers, swinging trees, flying birds and majestic mountains and hills. There is, however, a cry to go back to the village from the concrete and artificial jungle of cities. Hence the town planners of today pay special attention to providing enough natural scenic spots in town planning 
The highlighted sentences show that town planners provide something to feel like nature, which means they are providing facilities for enjoying nature. 
Hence, the correct sentence is "option 1"

While checking the notebooks the teacher observed that a child has repeatedly made some errors in writing such as reverse images as b – d, m – w. The child is showing the signs of _____.
  • a)
    learning preference
  • b)
    learning style
  • c)
    learning disability
  • d)
    learning differences
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

While checking the notebooks the teacher observed that a child has repeatedly made some errors in writing such as reverse images as b – d, m – w. The child is showing signs of learning disability.
Learning disability refers to a neurological disorder that causes cognitive impairment.
Dyslexia is the most common learning disability which results in reverse or mirror images of the alphabet. It is a learning disability that makes learners:
  • unable to read and interpret letters and words.
  • confuse with the same shapes and sounds of the alphabet.
  • bewilder in identifying and relating speech sounds with letters and words.

When the elder brother hides the toy, Karan looks for the toy and finds it. Karan's age according to Piaget is ____________.
  • a)
    2 year
  • b)
    2 month
  • c)
    8 to 12 month
  • d)
    7 year
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Knowing that objects and people exist even when you can't see or hear them is an important part of object permanence. Jean Piaget, a child psychologist, was the first to uncover this notion, and it is a critical milestone in a baby's brain development.
The capacity of a youngster to perceive that items remain even after they are no longer visible or audible is referred to as object permanence. When an object is concealed from view, infants under a particular age are frequently distressed that it has disappeared.

Which of the following statements about children are correct?
A. Children are passive recipients of knowledge.
B. Children are problem solvers.
C. Children are scientific investigators.
D. Children are active explorers of the environment.
  • a)
    A, B, C, and D
  • b)
    A, B, and C
  • c)
    A, B, and D
  • d)
    B, C, and D
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
The active participation and involvement of children play a very vital role in learning and shaping the personality of a child. 
A child-centered method is one that gives primacy to children's experiences and needs and provides ample opportunities for the children.
  • While investigating the problems, it is often found that children break the problem into parts and analyze it, then they try solving the parts logically, this critical thinking shapes the child to be Scientific Investigators.
  • When a child is encouraged to be self-dependent, it helps in developing thoughts and rationality in them and they try multiple ways to find a solution, and doing this multiple times helps them evolve as a Problem Solver.
  • Children are Active Explorers of the environment as they are excited to learn about what is this, why it is here, how it is working, etc. They ask many questions about objects and situations in their surroundings.
So, the statements about children emphasizing to be Scientific Investigators, Problem Solver, and Active Explorers of the environment are correct.

दिए गए गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए तथा पूछे गए प्रश्न के उत्तर के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प का चयन कीजिए।
राजभाषा का अर्थ राजा या राज्य की भाषा है। वह भाषा जिसमें शासक या शासन का काम होता है। राष्ट्रभाषा वह है जिसका व्यवहार राष्ट्र के सामान्य जन करते है। राजभाषा का क्षेत्र सीमित होता है। राष्ट्र भाषा सारे देश की संपर्क भाषा है। राष्ट्रभाषा के साथ जनता का भावात्मक लगाव रहता है क्योंकि उसके साथ जनसाधारण की सांस्कृतिक परम्पराएँ जुड़ी रहती हैं। राजभाषा के प्रति वैसा सम्मान हो तो सकता है, लेकिन नहीं भी हो सकता है, क्योंकि वह अपने देश की भी हो सकती है। किसी गैर देश से आये शासक की भी हो सकती है। लोकतांत्रिक व्यवस्था में आज हिन्दी राजभाषा के रूप में ही विराजित है। 14 सितंबर, 1949 ई. को भारत के संविधान में हिन्दी को मान्यता प्रदान की गई है। संविधान की अनुच्छेद 120 के अनुसार संसद का कार्य हिन्दी में या अंग्रेजी में किया जाता है। अनुच्छेद 210 के अंतर्गत राज्यों के विधानमंडलों का कार्य अपने-अपने राज्य की राजभाषा या हिन्दी में या अंग्रेजी में किया जा सकता है। 343 के अनुसार संघ की राजभाषा हिन्दी और लिपि देवनागरी होगी। इस भाषा का प्रसार तथा प्रचार के लिए महात्मा गाँधी का योगदान रहा है। अनुच्छेद 344 में राष्ट्रपति को शासकीय कार्य में हिन्दी भाषा का प्रयोग अधिक करने के लिए कहा गया है।
Q. वह भाषा जिसमें शासक या शासन का काम होता है, कहलाती है : 
  • a)
    राष्ट्रभाषा 
  • b)
    राजभाषा 
  • c)
    शासनभाषा  
  • d)
    कार्यवाहक भाषा 
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
  • राजभाषा का अर्थ राजा या राज्य की भाषा है।
  • वह भाषा जिसमें शासक या शासन का काम होता है। 

Which of the following tense forms is used in the following sentence?
By the end of next year, I will be 50 years old.
  • a)
    Imperfect
  • b)
    Perfect
  • c)
    Simple
  • d)
    Continuous
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
"By the end of next year, I will have been 50 years old."
This sentence introduces the following tense form: Perfect
It is a future perfect tense.
The future perfect tense indicates that an action will have been completed (finished or "perfected") at some point in the future. This tense is formed with "will" plus "have" plus the "past participle of the verb" (which can be either regular or irregular in form).

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely, and the grass was richly green. The people of the village began to gather in the square, between the post office and the bank, around ten o’clock; in some towns, there were so many people that the lottery took two days and had to be started on June 20th, but in this village, where there were only about three hundred people, the whole lottery took less than two hours so that it could begin at ten o’clock in the morning and still be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner.
The children assembled first, of course. The school was recently over for the summer, and the feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them; they tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke into boisterous play, and their talk was still of the classroom and the teacher, of books and reprimands. Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones; Bobby and Harry Jones and Dickie Delacroix—the villagers pronounced this name “Dellacroy”—eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys. The girls stood aside, talking among themselves, looking over their shoulders at the boys, and the tiny children rolled in the dust or clung to the hands of their older brothers or sisters.
Soon the men began to gather, surveying their own children, speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes. They stood together, away from the pile of stones in the corner, and their jokes were quiet, and they smiled rather than laughed. The women, wearing faded house dresses and sweaters, came shortly after their menfolk. They greeted one another and exchanged bits of gossip as they went to join their husbands. Soon the women, standing by their husbands, began to call to their children, and the children came reluctantly, having to be called four or five times. Bobby Martin ducked under his mother’s grasping hand and ran, laughing, back to the pile of stones. His father spoke up sharply, and Bobby came quickly and took his place between his father and his oldest brother.
Q. Which of the following statements are true concerning Bobby Martin?
A. Bobby Martin ducked under his mother’s grasping hand and ran, laughing, back to the pile of stones. 
B. Bobby and Harry Jones and Dickie Delacroix—the villagers pronounced this name “Dellacroy”—eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys.
  • a)
    A is false, B is true
  • b)
    A is true, B is false
  • c)
    Both A and B are true
  • d)
    Both A and B are false
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Aspire Academy answered
The correct answer is Both A and B are true.
The answer can be decided by looking at the lines given in the second and last paragraph of the passage: 
​"Bobby and Harry Jones and Dickie Delacroix—the villagers pronounced this name “Dellacroy”—eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys."
"Bobby Martin ducked under his mother’s grasping hand and ran, laughing, back to the pile of stones."
​From the above lines, it is clear that both statements A and B are correct.

Choose content words from the following.
  • a)
    nouns
  • b)
    prepositions
  • c)
    determiners
  • d)
    conjunctions
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
Word is the basic unit of language. It refers to a speech sound or a mixture of two or more speech sounds in both written and verbal forms of language.

When did Tsunami strike the Indian ocean?
  • a)
    26 December, 2004
  • b)
    26 December, 2005
  • c)
    26 December, 2006
  • d)
    26 December, 2007
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Arvind Menon answered
26 December, 2004
The Indian Ocean tsunami struck on 26 December, 2004. Here is a detailed explanation of the event:
- What happened: The tsunami was triggered by a massive undersea earthquake with a magnitude of 9.1 to 9.3 off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The earthquake caused a series of powerful waves that struck the coastal areas of several countries bordering the Indian Ocean.
- Impact: The tsunami caused widespread devastation in countries like Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, and others. The death toll was estimated to be around 230,000 people, with millions more displaced from their homes. Infrastructure, buildings, and livelihoods were destroyed in the affected areas.
- Response: The international community responded with aid and support for the affected countries. Humanitarian organizations and governments provided assistance in terms of food, shelter, medical care, and rebuilding efforts. The disaster also led to improvements in early warning systems to help prevent such large-scale loss of life in the future.
- Lessons learned: The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami highlighted the need for better disaster preparedness and response mechanisms in vulnerable coastal areas. It also emphasized the importance of international cooperation in times of crisis. The disaster served as a wake-up call for many countries to invest in disaster risk reduction and resilience-building measures.

Consider the following resources :
(A) Mica
(B) Forest
(C) Natural Gas
(D) Soil
(E) Water
Which of the above are examples of renewable resource?
  • a)
    Only (A), (B) & (C)
  • b)
    Only (B), (C) & (D)
  • c)
    Only (B), (D) & (E)
  • d)
    Only (B), (C) & (E)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

(A) Mica is not a renewable resource.
  • Mica is a mineral that is used in a variety of industrial and electronic applications, including insulation, paint, and electronics.
  • However, it is a non-renewable resource that is mined from the earth and cannot be replenished naturally.
(B) Forests are a renewable resource.
  • Forests are a renewable resource because they can be replanted and regenerated through natural processes.
  • When managed sustainably, forests can provide a wide range of benefits, including timber, non-timber forest products, and ecological services.
(C) Natural gas is a non-renewable resource.
  • Natural gas is a fossil fuel that is formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient plants and animals.
  • It is a finite resource that cannot be replenished naturally, and its reserves are being depleted rapidly due to high demand.
(D) Soil is a renewable resource.
  • Soil is formed over thousands of years through the weathering of rocks and the accumulation of organic matter.
  • However, soil erosion, degradation, and contamination can lead to the loss of this non-renewable resource.
(E) Water is a renewable resource.
  • Water is a renewable resource because it is replenished naturally through the water cycle.
  • However, the availability and quality of water resources are becoming increasingly strained due to climate change, population growth, and pollution.
Therefore, only statements (B), (D), and (E) are examples of renewable resources, and the appropriate option is 3) Only (B), (D), and (E)

Which of the following multimedia resources can be use in learning language?
  • a)
    CD-ROMs
  • b)
    Interactive language books
  • c)
    Language games
  • d)
    All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Raghav Sharma answered
Explanation:

There are several multimedia resources that can be used in learning a language. These resources provide interactive and engaging experiences that can enhance language acquisition and retention. The following multimedia resources can be used in learning a language:

1. CD-ROMs:
CD-ROMs contain interactive language programs that include audio, video, and interactive exercises. They provide a comprehensive learning experience by combining various multimedia elements. Learners can listen to native speakers, practice pronunciation, complete exercises, and receive immediate feedback. CD-ROMs also offer the advantage of being portable and can be used on computers or laptops.

2. Interactive language books:
Interactive language books combine traditional reading materials with multimedia elements. These books often include audio recordings of native speakers, interactive exercises, and multimedia content such as videos and images. Learners can listen to the correct pronunciation of words and phrases, practice reading and listening comprehension, and engage with the material in a more interactive way.

3. Language games:
Language games, whether in digital or physical form, are an excellent tool for language learning. They provide a fun and interactive way to practice vocabulary, grammar, and language skills. Language games can be in the form of crossword puzzles, word searches, quizzes, or interactive online games. These games encourage active participation, motivation, and retention of language knowledge.

By using multimedia resources like CD-ROMs, interactive language books, and language games, learners can benefit from a more engaging and interactive learning experience. These resources provide opportunities for active participation, practice, and reinforcement of language skills. They also offer immediate feedback, which helps learners identify and correct their mistakes.

Using a combination of multimedia resources can cater to different learning styles and preferences. Some learners may prefer visual or auditory input, while others may benefit from interactive exercises or games. Therefore, utilizing a variety of multimedia resources can enhance language learning and make it more enjoyable and effective.

In conclusion, all of the above options - CD-ROMs, interactive language books, and language games - can be used as multimedia resources in learning a language. They provide interactive, engaging, and comprehensive learning experiences that cater to different learning styles and preferences.

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. 
Nature is an infinite source of beauty. Sunrise and sunset, mountains and rivers, lakes and glaciers, forests and fields provide joy and bliss to the human mind and heart for hours together. Everything in nature is splendid and divine. Every day and every season of the year has a peculiar beauty to unfold. Only one should have eyes to behold it and a heart to feel it like the English poet William Wordsworth who after seeing daffodils said: And then my heart with pleasure fills and dances with the daffodils?
Nature is a great teacher. Early man was thrilled with the beauty and wonders of nature. The Aryans worshipped nature. One can learn lessons in the vast school of nature. Unfortunately, the strife, the stress and the tension of modern life have made people immune to the beauties of nature. Their life is so full of care that they have no time to stand and stare. They cannot enjoy the beauty of lowing rivers, swinging trees, flying birds and majestic mountains and hills. There is, however, a cry to go back to the village from the concrete and artificial jungle of cities. Hence the town planners of today pay special attention to providing enough natural scenic spots in town planning To develop a balanced personality, one needs to have a healthy attitude which can make us appreciate and enjoy the beauty of nature. There is another balm to soothe our tired souls and listless minds than the infinite nature all around us. We should enjoy it fully to lead a balanced and harmonious life, full of peace and tranquility.
Q. According to the author of the passage, Nature:
(a) is the ultimate salvation of man
(b) is the creator of this universe
(c) is abundantly glorious and divine
(d) maintains homeostasis in human beings
  • a)
    Only a
  • b)
    Only b and c
  • c)
    Only c
  • d)
    Only d
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sara Choudhary answered
Understanding the Passage
The passage beautifully captures the essence of nature and its significance to humanity. It highlights various aspects of nature and its impact on human emotions and well-being.
Key Points Supporting the Answer
- Infinite Source of Beauty
- Nature is described as an "infinite source of beauty," emphasizing its abundant glory and divinity.
- Joy and Bliss
- The author states that nature provides "joy and bliss" to the human mind and heart, reinforcing its splendid and divine nature.
- Lessons from Nature
- Nature is portrayed as a "great teacher," suggesting that it holds lessons for humanity that can lead to personal growth and appreciation.
- Contrast with Modern Life
- The passage contrasts the beauty of nature with the stress and tension of modern life, indicating that people have become immune to its splendor due to their busy lifestyles.
- Call to Appreciate Nature
- The author urges readers to enjoy nature fully to achieve a balanced and harmonious life, further underscoring nature's glorious and divine characteristics.
Conclusion
Given these points, the correct answer is option 'C': nature is abundantly glorious and divine. The author emphasizes the beauty and value of nature, illustrating its significance in providing joy, peace, and a deeper understanding of life.

Direction: Read the following information carefully and answer the given questions.
Initiatives such as “4 per mille” and Terraton aim to sequester huge amounts of carbon in the soil. The 2018 U.S. Farm Bill includes the first-ever incentives for farmers to adopt practices aimed at improving soil health and sequestering carbon. But these initiatives are missing a key point: not all soil carbon is the same.
The very different lifetimes of particulate organic matter and mineral-associated organic matter have important implications for these efforts. For example, adding low-quality crop residues to agricultural fields would likely create more particulate organic matter than mineral-associated organic matter. This could increase soil carbon in the short term - but if that field later is disturbed by tilling, a lot of it would decompose and the benefit would be quickly reversed. The best practices focus on building up the mineral-associated organic matter for longer-term carbon storage, while also producing high-quality particulate organic matter with lots of nitrogen to help boost crop productivity.
Natural healthy soils show us that providing continuous and diverse plant inputs that reach all the way to deep soil is key for achieving both high mineral-associated organic matter storage and particulate organic matter recycling. There are many promising ways to do this, such as maintaining plant cover on fields year-round; growing diverse crops that include high-nitrogen legumes and perennials with deep roots; and minimizing tillage.
However, not all soils can accumulate both mineral-associated organic matter and particulate organic matter. Before implementing any management practices for carbon sequestration, participants should first assess the carbon storage potential of the local soil, much as a doctor studies a patient before prescribing a cure. Sequestering soil carbon effectively requires an understanding of how particulate organic matter and mineral-associated organic matter work, how human actions affect them, and how to build up both types to meet our planet’s climate and food security needs.
Q. Select the option whose meaning is opposite to the word 'accumulate'.
  • a)
    Disappear
  • b)
    Dissipate
  • c)
    Dispel
  • d)
    Jubilate
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
Accumulate: To increase over a period of time. Example - Investigators have yet to accumulate enough evidence.
Dissipate: to slowly become less until it disappears or to (cause to) gradually disappear or waste. Example - The morning sun dissipated the fog. 
Let's see the meaning of the options given.

Which of the following statements about writing readiness is correct?
I. Finger muscle coordination and control.
II. Directionality-habit of writing from right to left.
  • a)
    Neither I nor II
  • b)
    Only I
  • c)
    Both I and II
  • d)
    Only II
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Aspire Academy answered
The skill of writing requires acquiring certain experiences and some competencies by the learner to enable him/her to be “ready” for writing. Writing readiness refers to the developmental stage when a child has the physical and cognitive abilities needed to learn to write. By being “ready” what is meant is that before starting on formal writing, the learners have developed the following abilities/skills:
i) eye-hand coordination. 
ii) finger muscle coordination and control
iii) visual discrimination (letter perception), i.e., competence to differentiate between different shapes and forms
iv) directionality-habit of writing from left to right

The basic skills for learning a language are:
(i) Listening and speaking skill
(ii) Phonetic and word skill
(iii) Phonic and phrase skill
(iv) Reading and writing skill
  • a)
    (i) and (ii)
  • b)
    (ii) and (iii)
  • c)
    (i) and (iv)
  • d)
    (ii) and (iv)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Aspire Academy answered
People generally learn these four skills in the following order:
  • Listening: While learning a new language you first hear it. It is the first step since it is acquired merely by interacting with the surroundings and requires little effort for a child. It is re-productive in nature and requires passive command
  • Speaking: Eventually, you need to try the repetition of what you hear from others. This is the second step that he acquires usually by observing and imitating. It is productive in nature and requires action in nature.
  • Reading: Later, you see the spoken language depicted symbolically in print. This is the third step and is acquired by drill and practice using textbooks, newspapers, etc. It is also re-productive in nature and requires passive command.
  • Writing: Finally, you reproduce these symbols on paper. It is the last and the most challenging step since it requires a lot of effort like reviewing, editing, etc. It is also productive in nature and requires action in nature.
Therefore, we can conclude that basic language skills are Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing.

The news of 'a woman selling her child to obtain food' may be understood best on the basis of
  • a)
    psychoanalytical theory
  • b)
    theory of hierarchical needs
  • c)
    psychosocial theory
  • d)
    theory of reinforced contingencies
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Riya Khurana answered
Understanding the news of a woman selling her child to obtain food can be best explained using the theory of hierarchical needs. This theory, also known as Maslow's hierarchy of needs, was proposed by psychologist Abraham Maslow in 1943. It suggests that individuals have a set of needs that are arranged in a hierarchical order, with basic physiological needs at the bottom and higher-level needs at the top.

1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
The theory of hierarchical needs is based on the understanding that individuals have different levels of needs and these needs influence their behavior. According to Maslow, there are five levels of needs in the hierarchy:
- Physiological needs: These are the basic needs for survival, such as food, water, and shelter.
- Safety needs: These needs include the need for security, stability, and protection from harm.
- Love and belongingness needs: These needs involve the desire for social connections, love, and a sense of belonging.
- Esteem needs: These needs include the need for self-esteem, self-confidence, and recognition from others.
- Self-actualization needs: This is the highest level of need, which involves personal growth, fulfillment, and reaching one's full potential.

2. Application to the given scenario:
In the case of the woman selling her child to obtain food, it can be inferred that she was driven by her physiological needs. The need for food is a basic physiological need, and if it is not met, individuals may resort to extreme measures to fulfill it. The fact that the woman was willing to sell her child suggests that she was in a desperate situation where her basic needs were not being met.

3. Lower-level needs taking precedence:
According to Maslow's theory, lower-level needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs can be pursued. In this case, the woman's need for food (a physiological need) took precedence over other needs such as safety, love, and belongingness. It is likely that she felt she had no other choice but to sell her child in order to fulfill this basic need.

4. Impact of unmet needs:
This news highlights the devastating consequences of unmet needs, particularly at the lower levels of the hierarchy. When individuals are unable to satisfy their basic physiological needs, it can lead to extreme behaviors and moral dilemmas. Understanding the hierarchy of needs helps shed light on the underlying motivations and factors that contribute to such distressing situations.

In conclusion, the theory of hierarchical needs provides a framework for understanding the news of a woman selling her child to obtain food. By recognizing the importance of basic physiological needs and their impact on behavior, we can gain insight into the desperate actions individuals may take when their basic needs are not being met.

Dyscalculia is a problem related to:
  • a)
    Doing mathematical calculations
  • b)
    Writing without committing mistakes
  • c)
    Speaking accurately
  • d)
    Listening message properly
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Aspire Academy answered
Learning disability refers to a neurological disorder that causes cognitive impairment. Dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, etc are the most common learning disability.
Learning disability:
  • Learning disability is intrinsic and due to central nervous system dysfunction.
  • It is a variable state which can be addressed by appropriate comprehensible input.
  • It can't be attributed to cultural deprivation as it can present in children of any culture.

Motivation begins with needs that exist in all of us. The need that the student would tend to fulfil first pertains to
  • a)
    esteem
  • b)
    physiological
  • c)
    social
  • d)
    self-actualisation
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

The American motivation psychologist Abraham H. Maslow developed the hierarchy of needs consisting of five hierarchic classes. According to Maslow, people are motivated by unsatisfied needs. The needs listed from basic (lowest-earliest) to most complex (highest-latest) are as follows:
  • Physiology (hunger, thirst, sleep, etc.)
  • Safety/Security/Shelter/Health
  • Social/Love/Friendship
  • Self-esteem/Recognition/Achievement
  • Self-actualisation/achievement of full potential/can never be fully accomplished

The conventional sign 'R.H.' on a given map denotes a
  • a)
    rural habitation
  • b)
    regional habitation
  • c)
    railway house
  • d)
    rest house
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Aniket Sharma answered
R.H. on a map denotes a rest house.

Rest houses are accommodations that provide temporary lodging for travelers, usually located near highways, tourist attractions, or other popular destinations. They are typically owned and operated by government agencies or private entities.

Explanation:

Definition of a Rest House:
A rest house, also known as a guest house or an inn, is an establishment that offers temporary accommodation to travelers. These accommodations are often located in areas where there is a high demand for lodging, such as near highways, popular tourist destinations, or remote areas with limited accommodation options.

Purpose of a Rest House:
Rest houses are designed to provide a comfortable and convenient place for travelers to rest and rejuvenate during their journey. They serve as a resting point for individuals or groups traveling long distances and provide basic amenities such as beds, bathrooms, and sometimes dining facilities.

Significance of R.H. on a Map:
The conventional sign "R.H." on a map denotes the presence of a rest house in that particular location. This sign helps travelers identify the availability of accommodation facilities during their journey. It allows them to plan their route and make necessary stops for rest and refreshment.

Alternative Uses of R.H.:
While the primary meaning of "R.H." on a map is a rest house, it is essential to note that the same abbreviation can have different interpretations in other contexts. For example, in some cases, "R.H." may refer to railway houses, which are residential buildings provided by railway authorities for their employees.

In Summary:
The conventional sign "R.H." on a map denotes the presence of a rest house, which is a temporary accommodation facility for travelers. This sign helps travelers identify the availability of lodging during their journey and allows them to plan their route accordingly. It is important to consider the context when interpreting abbreviations on a map, as they may have multiple meanings depending on the specific situation.

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely, and the grass was richly green. The people of the village began to gather in the square, between the post office and the bank, around ten o’clock; in some towns, there were so many people that the lottery took two days and had to be started on June 20th, but in this village, where there were only about three hundred people, the whole lottery took less than two hours so that it could begin at ten o’clock in the morning and still be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner.
The children assembled first, of course. The school was recently over for the summer, and the feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them; they tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke into boisterous play, and their talk was still of the classroom and the teacher, of books and reprimands. Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones; Bobby and Harry Jones and Dickie Delacroix—the villagers pronounced this name “Dellacroy”—eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys. The girls stood aside, talking among themselves, looking over their shoulders at the boys, and the tiny children rolled in the dust or clung to the hands of their older brothers or sisters.
Soon the men began to gather, surveying their own children, speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes. They stood together, away from the pile of stones in the corner, and their jokes were quiet, and they smiled rather than laughed. The women, wearing faded house dresses and sweaters, came shortly after their menfolk. They greeted one another and exchanged bits of gossip as they went to join their husbands. Soon the women, standing by their husbands, began to call to their children, and the children came reluctantly, having to be called four or five times. Bobby Martin ducked under his mother’s grasping hand and ran, laughing, back to the pile of stones. His father spoke up sharply, and Bobby came quickly and took his place between his father and his oldest brother.
Q. Which one of the following words is the most opposite in the meaning to the word "together" as used in the passage (Para 3)?
  • a)
    Unitedly
  • b)
    Concertedly
  • c)
    Solely
  • d)
    Conjointly
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Aspire Academy answered
  • Together: in or into one place, mass, collection, or group
    Example: Our students study together, share ideas, and seed new opportunities for future collaboration.
  • Solely: without another
    Example: You will be held solely responsible for any damage.
​Thus, "solely" is the most opposite in meaning to "together".

Which one of the following are the general aims of learning social sciences at the upper primary/ elementary school level?
1) To acquaint students with their geographical, social, and cultural environments.
2) To develop in students a sense of social competence and social commitment.
3) To develop democratic citizenship qualities among students.
4) To develop the spirit of patriotism, national feeling, and international understanding among students. 
  • a)
    1, 2, 3
  • b)
    2, 3, 4
  • c)
    1, 3, 4
  • d)
    1, 2, 3, 4
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Aspire Academy answered
The objectives of teaching the social sciences at the upper primary stage are: •
  • To develop an understanding of the earth as the habitat of humankind and other forms of life.
  • To initiate the learner into a study of her/ his own region, state, and country in the global context.
  • To initiate the learner into a study of India’s past, with references to contemporary developments in other parts of the world.
  • To introduce the learner to the functioning and dynamics of social and political institutions and processes of the country.
  • To develop in the child a holistic understanding of the environment with emphasis on the interrelationship of the natural and the social environments.
  • To sensitize the child to social issues and develop in him/her respect for difference and diversity.
At this stage, the subject areas of the social drawing their content from history, geography, political science, and economics—has been introduced.
Conclusion: Emphasis needs to be given to issues like poverty, illiteracy, child and bonded labor, class, caste, gender, and environment. At the basic school level, social sciences are taught under a single unified area of study designating itself as ‘social studies curriculum’ or ‘social sciences curriculum’. Here, emphasis is given on teaching about nature and natural phenomenon, about democracy, patriotism, society and social norms, the role of a good citizen, etc. Hence, all the given options are correct. So, option (4) is correct.

To attend the individual differences in the class, what should the teacher of Social Science do? 
  • a)
    Uses variety of learning experiences
  • b)
    Gives different types of assignments
  • c)
    Conducts tests end of the week
  • d)
    Makes sure all the students are present everyday
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Aspire Academy answered
The learners are individuals who have different learning styles, personalities, intelligence, and interests. These differences among learners are known as individual differences.
  • A teacher must keep these differences in mind while preparing for the class.
  • It is important to cater to the different needs of different learners to make the teaching-learning process effective.
  • The teacher can cater to these differences by differentiating the instruction.
  • Differentiation means using different teaching-learning approaches to teach the students.
  • It helps in providing a variety of learning experiences to the students and in making learning easy.
  • To provide diverse learning experiences to learners the teacher should also use different kinds of pedagogy.​
Hence, it could be concluded that in the above-mentioned situation, a teacher should provide a variety of learning experiences.

Multimedia resources:
  • a)
    Are an excellent replacement for teacher in all classes
  • b)
    Create ambiguity in the minds of learner
  • c)
    Can be explored as a learning resource if used judiciously
  • d)
    Can be used effectively for the higher classes only
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
Multimedia resources can be explored as a learning resource if used judiciously.
  • Learner–controlled material: It allows the learner to learn at its own pace. Active learning helps learners to comprehend the concepts in a better way.
  • Interactivity: Interactivity keeps the learner active throughout the learning process and makes the learning more meaningful. It helps in better understanding and retention.
  • Optimum use of resources: The multimedia resources should be used wisely at both side learner and teacher. These resources should be used for enhancing learning.
  • Validated Programme: Since the IMM are validated by implementing on a large sample of learners, it assures quality and accuracy of the material. Expert validation discards the chances of errors.
  • Multimedia Elements: All multimedia elements enable multi-sensory learning. It helps learners to visualize the learning experiences and makes learning concrete.
  • Advanced technology: Advanced technologies allow us to provide varied and more relevant experiences. It allows game mode and simulation mode possible. Learners can themselves explore and experiment with the help of advanced technologies.

Task : Fill in the blanks choosing the suitable words.
(i) I want a cup of ______ coffee. (strong/powerful)
(ii) He is a ______ smoker. (heavy/big)
The task above tests the learner's ability in:
  • a)
    spelling
  • b)
    pronunciation
  • c)
    collocation
  • d)
    idiomatic use
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Aspire Academy answered
A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound "right" to native English speakers, who use them all the time. On the other hand, other combinations may be unnatural and just sound "wrong". Look at these examples-
I want a cup of Strong (not powerful) coffee. 
He is a heavy (not big) smoker. 
NOTE:
  • Spelling: the forming of words from letters according to accepted usage.
  • Pronunciation: the way in which a particular letter word or sound is said.
  • Idiomatic use: using language that contains expressions that are natural to somebody who learned the language as a child.
Hence, the task above tests the learner's ability in collocation.

A teacher has presented a principle in front of students "Up to a certain level of atmosphere when altitude increases, temperature decreases". With the help of this principle, students are able to solve many temperature-related problems in different places located at different altitudes. This is an example of:
  • a)
    Transmission approach
  • b)
    Deductive approach
  • c)
    Multidisciplinary approach
  • d)
    Thematic approach
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Aspire Academy answered
Social Sciences include a body of knowledge, that deals with social and cultural aspects of human life. Social Sciences have emerged as distinct disciplines in order to be taught at different levels of the education system (starting from school level to higher education level) across the globe because of their immense importance for achieving better social cohesion, solidarity, and development.
  • There are different approaches of teaching social sciences. While some approaches of teaching are subject-oriented and teacher-centered, others are learner-centric in nature.
  • Social science teaching needs to be revitalized for helping the learner acquire knowledge and skills in an interactive environment. The teaching of social sciences must adopt methods that promote creativity, aesthetics, and critical perspectives and enable children to draw relationships between past and present to understood changes taking place in society.
  • Inductive and deductive approaches are scientific approaches to the acquisition of knowledge. Inductive and deductive approaches are two opposing but complementary approaches to teaching-learning.

Which of the following is called 'lungs' of the Earth?
  • a)
    Tropical evergreen forest of Brazil
  • b)
    Tropical deciduous forest of Central America
  • c)
    Temperate evergreen forest of China
  • d)
    Temperate deciduous forest of Chile
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Tropical evergreen forest of Brazil.
The tropical rainforest of Brazil is also known as the Amazon rainforest and is the biggest rainforest in the world.
As it absorbs a large amount of carbon dioxide and produces oxygen, it is called 'lungs' of the Earth.

जब विद्यालय में विभिन्न प्रकार की सामग्री का उपयोग किया जाता है, तो उसे क्या कहा जाता हैं?
  • a)
    सामग्री प्रतिस्थापन
  • b)
    सामग्री विस्तार
  • c)
    सामग्री अनुकूलन
  • d)
    सामग्री चूक
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Aspire Academy answered
जब विद्यालय में विभिन्न प्रकार की सामग्री का उपयोग किया जाता है, तो उसे सामग्री अनुकूलन कहा जाता हैं।
शिक्षक द्वारा बनायी गयी कम लागत की अधिगम सामग्री शिक्षण में प्रयोग करने के लिए सबसे उत्तम होती है।
  • कक्षा में गुणवत्ता लाने के लिए शिक्षक को अधिगम का समर्थन करने के लिए सामग्री की आवश्यकता होती है।
  • यदि विविध अधिगम सामग्री का प्रयोग किया जाए तो कोई भी बच्चा अधिगम प्रक्रिया में पूरी तरह भाग ले पाऐगा।
  • जब विद्यालय में विभिन्न प्रकार की सामग्री का उपयोग अधिगम को सरल और सुसाध्य बनाने के लिए किया जाता है तो इसे सामग्री अनुकूलन कहते हैं।
  • जहां उपयुक्त हो अधिगम के समर्थन के लिए दृश्य सामग्री जैसे चित्र, फोटोग्राफ आदि का प्रयोग करना चाहिए। एक “समुद्री घोड़े” या 'ताजमहल' का चित्र बच्चे को शब्दों से कहीं अधिक जानकारी देगा।
  • महान व्यक्तियों के चित्र, कम गिनती में रह गए जानवरों व पौधों के चित्र, ऐतिहासिक स्थानों को फोटोग्राफ और घटनाएं चित्रों के रूप में, सब बच्चों की कल्पना सही
  • दिशा में ले जाने में मदद करती हैं।

योजना शिक्षण विधि के प्रवर्तक है।
  • a)
    जॉन डीवी
  • b)
    डब्ल्यू एच किलपैट्रिक
  • c)
    डाल्टन
  • d)
    अरस्तू
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
योजना/परियोजना शिक्षण विधि के प्रवर्तक 'डब्लयू. एच. किलपैट्रिक' हैं। यह विधि 'जॉन डेवी' द्वारा शुरू किए गए 'प्रोग्रेसिव एजुकेशन मूवमेंट' का उत्पाद थी परंतु बाद में इसे दुनिया भर में 'डब्ल्यू. एच. किलपैट्रिक' द्वारा विस्तार से वर्णित किया गया था।
यह विधि एक समूह में व्यावहारिक ज्ञान के प्रयोग द्वारा किसी परियोजना को पूरा करने के लिए छात्रों की सक्रिय भागीदारी को संदर्भित करती है।
इस पद्धति में जीवनोपयोगी शिक्षा दी जाती है तथा बच्चों को स्वयं के अनुभव द्वारा अर्थात खुद कर के सीखने का मौका दिया जाता है।

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the question. (choose the most appropriate answers)
When another old cave is discovered in the South France, it is not usually news. Rather, it is an ordinary event. Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them. However, when the Lascaux cave complex was discovered in 1940, the world was amazed. Painted directly on its walls were hundreds of scenes showing how people lived thousands of years ago. The scenes show people hunting animals , such as bison or wild cats. Other images depict birds and, most noticeably, horses, which appear in more than 300 wall images, by far outnumbering all other animals. Early artists drawing these animals accomplished a monumental difficult task. They did not limit themselves to the easily accessible walls but carried their painting materials to spaces that required climbing steep walls or crawling into narrow passages in the Lascaux complex. Unfortunately, the paintings have been exposed to the destructive action of water and temperature changes, which easily wear the images away. Because the Lascaux caves have many entrances, air movement has also damaged the images inside, Although they are not out in the open air, where natural light would have destroyed them long ago, many of the images have deteriorated and are barely recognizable. To prevent further damage, the site was closed to tourists in 1963, 23 years after it was discovered.
Q. The underlined word ‘However’ is used in the sentence as :
  • a)
    adjective
  • b)
    preposition
  • c)
    adverb
  • d)
    exclamation
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Let's discuss the marked option first; i.e. 'Adverb':
  • Adverbs are used to add more information about a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a clause or a whole sentence.
    E.g. - very tall (modifying adjective 'tall'), ended too quickly (modifying another adverb 'quickly), Fortunately, I had brought an umbrella (modifying the whole sentence).
  • However (adverb): despite what has been said earlier
    Ex: This is one possible solution to the problem. However, there are others. ('however' is modifying the whole clause 'This is one possible solution to the problem')
Similarly, in the given question sentence, 'however' adds information to the previous sentence 'Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them'.
Therefore, the correct part of speech of the asked word is 'Adverb'.
Option 3) is the correct answer.

When was the Act enacted to abolish bonded labour?
  • a)
    1972
  • b)
    1974
  • c)
    1976
  • d)
    1978
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

  • Bonded labour is a practise in which companies give employees who work for little pay high-interest loans to help them pay off the obligation.
  • The payment of wages that are less than the going market rate and the minimum wage required by law has been defined as bonded labour by the Supreme Court of India. Historically, bonded labour was connected to rural economies where peasants from underprivileged neighbourhoods were forced to work for the landlords.
  • In unorganised industries including brick kilns, stone quarries, coal mines, agricultural labour, domestic servitude, circuses, and sexual slavery, bonded labour is discovered to occur in both rural and urban pockets.
  • In India, bonded labour is illegal under the Constitution's Articles 21 and 23. The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, a special piece of legislation passed in 1976, was the first to outlaw the practise.
  • The State Governments are responsible for taking actions against bonded labour employers in accordance with the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act of 1976.
    • The District Magistrate has been given the authority of a Judicial Magistrate First Class under the Act in order to prosecute those who violated the bonded labour system. 

Why is mining called a primary activity?
  • a)
    It involves production from the natural resources of the Earth.
  • b)
    It is one of the earliest forms of human activities.
  • c)
    It brings a lot of money to the government.
  • d)
    It is the biggest employer of workers.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Aspire Academy answered
It involves production from the natural resources of the Earth.
The primary sector of the economy is the sector of an economy making direct use of natural resources. This includes agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining.

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
She was one of those pretty and charming girls born, as if by an error of fate, into a family of clerks. She had no dowry, no expectations, no means of becoming known, understood, loved, or wedded by a man of wealth and distinction. So she let herself be married to a minor official at the Ministry of Education.
She dressed plainly because she had never been able to afford anything better, but she was as unhappy as if she had once been wealthy. Women don't belong to a caste or class; their beauty, grace, and natural charm take the place of birth and family. Natural delicacy, instinctive elegance, and a quick wit determine their place in society and make the daughters of commoners the equals of the very finest ladies.
She suffered endlessly, feeling she was entitled to all the delicacies and luxuries of life. She suffered because of the poorness of her house as she looked at the dirty walls, the worn-out chairs, and the ugly curtains. All these things that another woman of her class would not even have noticed tormented her and made her resentful. The sight of the little Brenton girl who did her housework filled her with terrible regrets and hopeless fantasies. She dreamed of silent antechambers hung with Oriental tapestries, lit from above by torches in bronze holders, while two tall footmen in knee-length breeches napped in huge armchairs, sleepy from the stove's oppressive warmth. She dreamed of vast living rooms furnished in rare old silks, elegant furniture loaded with priceless ornaments, and inviting smaller rooms, perfumed, made for afternoon chats with close friends - famous, sought after men, who all women envy and desire.
When she sat down to dinner at a round table covered with a three-day-old cloth opposite her husband who, lifting the lid off the soup, shouted excitedly, "Ah! Beef stew! What could be better," she dreamed of fine dinners, of shining silverware, of tapestries which peopled the walls with figures from another time and strange birds in fairy forests; she dreamed of delicious dishes served on wonderful plates, of whispered gallantries listened to with an inscrutable smile as one ate the pink flesh of a trout or the wings of a quail.
Q. Which one of the following words is most similar in meaning to the word, ‘hopeless'?
  • a)
    curable
  • b)
    redeemable
  • c)
    savable 
  • d)
    irreformable
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Kunaal Satija answered
Hopeless means having no expectation of good or success.
Example: We were the most hopeless group of golfers you ever saw.
Irreformable means not capable of being cured or reformed.
Example: He is an irreformable liar who long ago lost all interest in telling the truth.​
Thus, irreformable is the most similar in meaning to hopeless.

Read the Statements (A) and (R) and choose the correct option.
Assertion (A) : The air is cold in areas having lower temperature.
Reason (R) : Air is heavy in cold areas.
  • a)
    Both these statements (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • b)
    Both these statements (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
  • c)
    (A) is true (R) is false
  • d)
    Both (A) and (R) are false
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
Assertion (A) : The air is cold in areas having lower temperature.
  • The temperature of the air is related to the temperature of the surrounding environment.
  • In areas having a lower temperature, the air is colder because it is in contact with colder surfaces and loses heat to those surfaces, causing its temperature to decrease.
Reason (R) : Air is heavy in cold areas. justify pointwise
  • On the other hand, Reason (R) is incorrect.
  • Air is not heavy in cold areas. In fact, cold air is denser than warm air, which means that it is heavier per unit volume.
  • However, the weight of air in a given volume does not change with temperature.
  • The weight of air is dependent on its pressure, and the pressure of air is determined by its temperature and altitude. Therefore, the statement that "air is heavy in cold areas" is incorrect.

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