All questions of Classification of Organism for UPSC CSE Exam

The Protist Kingdom comprises a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms, some of which are responsible for causing diseases like malaria. These organisms can be unicellular or form colonies and exhibit various nutritional strategies.

The Fungi Kingdom includes organisms that obtain nutrients by decomposing organic matter in their environment. This unique mode of nutrition distinguishes fungi from plants and animals.

The main method of nutrition in the Animal Kingdom is heterotrophic, meaning that animals rely on consuming other living things for nutrition.

The Plant Kingdom plays a crucial role in sustaining life on Earth by releasing oxygen into the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis. Plants are autotrophic organisms that produce oxygen as a byproduct of their metabolic processes.

The Animal Kingdom comprises organisms capable of independent locomotion. This ability to move is a distinguishing feature of animals within this kingdom.

The primary criterion used to classify organisms into different biological kingdoms is their cell type. Organisms are categorized as either eukaryotes, which have cells with a membrane-bound nucleus, or prokaryotes, which lack a membrane-bound nucleus. This fundamental difference in cell structure is a key factor in determining the kingdom to which an organism belongs.

The primary method of reproduction in the Plant Kingdom is sexual reproduction, which involves the fusion of gametes from two parent organisms. However, plants can also reproduce asexually through methods like budding and vegetative propagation.

The Monera Kingdom represents prokaryotic organisms, including bacteria and archaea, that lack a membrane-bound nucleus. These organisms are unicellular and have a wide range of metabolic capabilities.

The correct answer is option 'B', the Animal Kingdom.

The Animal Kingdom is a taxonomic kingdom that encompasses both vertebrates and invertebrates. It is one of the five kingdoms in the classification system developed by Carl Linnaeus.

Here is an explanation of why the Animal Kingdom includes both vertebrates and invertebrates:

1. Definition of the Animal Kingdom:
- The Animal Kingdom, also known as Animalia, is a diverse group of organisms that are multicellular, eukaryotic, and heterotrophic.
- Heterotrophic means that animals obtain their nutrition by consuming organic matter, either by eating other organisms or by consuming organic material in their environment.

2. Classification of Animals:
- Animals are classified into various groups based on their characteristics and evolutionary relationships.
- The highest level of classification in the Animal Kingdom is the kingdom itself, Animalia.
- Within the Animal Kingdom, animals are further classified into different phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species.

3. Vertebrates and Invertebrates:
- Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone or vertebral column. This includes animals such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.
- Invertebrates, on the other hand, are animals that do not have a backbone. This includes a vast majority of animal species, such as insects, spiders, worms, mollusks, and crustaceans.

4. Diversity in the Animal Kingdom:
- The Animal Kingdom is incredibly diverse, with over 1.3 million known species.
- Vertebrates make up only a small fraction of this diversity, with around 65,000 described species.
- Invertebrates account for the majority of animal species, with estimates ranging from 97% to 99% of all known animal species.

5. Importance of the Animal Kingdom:
- The Animal Kingdom is essential for maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity on Earth.
- Animals play various roles in ecosystems, including as predators, prey, pollinators, decomposers, and nutrient recyclers.
- Many animals also have significant economic and cultural importance for humans, such as livestock for food, pets, and sources of inspiration for art and literature.

In conclusion, the Animal Kingdom encompasses both vertebrates and invertebrates. This diverse group of organisms plays a crucial role in ecosystems and has significant importance for human society.

Organisms in the Fungi Kingdom exhibit absorptive nutrition and obtain nutrients by decomposing organic matter in their environment. This is a defining characteristic of fungi.