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All questions of Reproductive Health for NEET Exam

Copper-T is a device that prevents: [2000]
  • a)
    Implantation of blastocyst
  • b)
    Ovulation
  • c)
    Fertilization 
  • d)
    Both A and C 
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Jeshika Maurya answered
Option d is correct.. becoz.... Copper T when placed in uterus it realeses copper which make the uterus walls unfavorable for implantation it also hinders ovulation.. Hope It helps u...

Which of the following is hormone-releasing IUD?     [NEET 2021]
  • a)
    LNG-20
  • b)
    Multiload-375
  • c)
    Lippes loop
  • d)
    Cu-7
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Riya Banerjee answered
These Intra Uterine Devices are presently available as the non-medicated IUDs (e.g., Lippes loop), copper releasing IUDs (CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375) and the hormone releasing IUDs (Progestasert, LNG-20)

The technique called gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is recommended for those females: [2011 M]
  • a)
    Who cannot produce an ovum.
  • b)
    Who cannot retain the foetus inside uterus.
  • c)
    Whose cervical canal is too narrow to allow passage for the sperms.
  • d)
    Who cannot provide a suitable environment for fertilization. 
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Arya Khanna answered
GIFT- Gamete intra fallopian transfer method is used in females who cannot produce ova but can provide suitable envoirnment for fertilization and further development of embryo in the oviducts. In such cases, ovum from the donor female is surgically removed and is then introduced into the fallopian tube of such females. So, the correct answer is 'Who cannot produce an ovum'.
Correct answer is A.

In which of the following techniques, the embryos are transferred to assist those females who cannot conceive?     [NEET 2020]
  • a)
    ICSI and ZIFT
  • b)
    GIFT and ICSI
  • c)
    ZIFT and IUT
  • d)
    GIFT and ZIFT
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Preeti Iyer answered
When females cannot conceive then embryo transfer is done by using ZIFT and IUT technique. In this method, ova from female & sperms from male is collected and are induced in the laboratory under simulated conditions to form a zygote. The zygote with up to 8 blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube through ZIFT or embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are transferred into the uterus through IUT.

One of the legal methods of birth control is :
[NEET 2013]
  • a)
    abortion by taking an appropriate medicine 
  • b)
    by having coitus at the time of day break
  • c)
    by a premature ejaculation during coitus
  • d)
    by abstaining from coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Shounak Patel answered
Method of Birth Control: Abstaining from Coitus from Day 10 to 17 of the Menstrual Cycle

Explanation:
Abstaining from coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle is a legal method of birth control. This method is also known as the "rhythm method" or "calendar method." The menstrual cycle typically lasts for 28 days, and ovulation occurs around day 14. By abstaining from sexual intercourse during days 10-17, one can avoid the fertile period of the menstrual cycle and prevent pregnancy.

Advantages:
1. This method is free and does not require any special equipment or medication.
2. It is a natural method and does not involve any hormonal changes in the body.
3. It can be used by couples who have religious or moral objections to other forms of birth control.

Disadvantages:
1. This method requires a high degree of discipline and consistency to be effective.
2. It is not suitable for women with irregular menstrual cycles.
3. There is still a small risk of pregnancy, as ovulation can occur earlier or later than expected.

Conclusion:
Abstaining from coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle is a legal and natural method of birth control. However, it requires careful planning and consistency to be effective. Couples should be aware of the advantages and disadvantages before choosing this method of birth control.

One of the following is NOT a method of contraception – which one?
[NEET Kar. 2013]
  • a)
    Tubectomy
  • b)
    Condoms
  • c)
    Pills of a combination of oxytocin and vasopressin
  • d)
    Lippes loop
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ashwini Khanna answered
Oxytocin is birth hormone and acts on the smooth muscles of our body and stimulates their contraction. Vasopressin acts mainly at the kidney and stimulates resorption of water and electrolytes and reduces loss of water through urine. Hence, it is also called as anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).

Cu ions released from copper - releasing Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs): [2010]
  • a)
    make uterus unsuitable for implantation
  • b)
    increase phagocytosis of sperms
  • c)
    suppress sperm motility
  • d)
    prevent ovulation 
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Arya Khanna answered
Cu ions released by copper releasing intra uterine devices suppresses sperm motility.
Intra-uterine devices are inserted by doctors in the uterus through vagina. They are available as the non-medicated IUDs, copper releasing IUDs and hormonereleasing IUDs.

The test-tube Baby Programme employs which one of the following techniques
[2012]
  • a)
    Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
  • b)
    Intra uterine insemination (IUI)
  • c)
    Gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT)
  • d)
    Zygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT)
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Test-tube Baby Programme and Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT)

The Test-tube Baby Programme is a fertility treatment that involves combining sperm and eggs outside the body in a laboratory dish, and then transferring the resulting embryo into the woman's uterus. Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT) is one of the techniques used in the Test-tube Baby Programme.

Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT)

Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT) is a fertility treatment that involves the following steps:

1. Egg Retrieval: The woman undergoes ovarian stimulation to produce multiple eggs. The eggs are then retrieved from the ovaries using a transvaginal ultrasound-guided needle.

2. Fertilization: The retrieved eggs are combined with sperm in a laboratory dish.

3. Zygote Formation: The fertilized eggs develop into zygotes (fertilized eggs).

4. Zygote Transfer: The zygotes are transferred into the woman's fallopian tubes using a laparoscope.

5. Implantation: The zygotes implant in the woman's uterus and develop into embryos.

Comparison with other techniques

Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), Intra uterine insemination (IUI), and Gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT) are other techniques used in the Test-tube Baby Programme. However, Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT) is different from these techniques in the following ways:

- Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) involves injecting a single sperm directly into an egg. This technique is used when the man has a low sperm count or poor sperm motility. ZIFT, on the other hand, involves the transfer of fertilized eggs (zygotes) into the fallopian tubes.

- Intra uterine insemination (IUI) involves placing sperm inside the woman's uterus to increase the chances of fertilization. This technique is used when the man has a low sperm count or poor sperm motility. ZIFT, on the other hand, involves the transfer of fertilized eggs (zygotes) into the fallopian tubes.

- Gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT) involves placing eggs and sperm into the woman's fallopian tubes to allow fertilization to occur naturally. This technique is used when the man's sperm count and motility are normal, and the woman's fallopian tubes are healthy. ZIFT, on the other hand, involves the transfer of fertilized eggs (zygotes) into the fallopian tubes.

Conclusion

Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT) is a technique used in the Test-tube Baby Programme that involves the transfer of fertilized eggs (zygotes) into the woman's fallopian tubes. ZIFT is different from other techniques like Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), Intra uterine insemination (IUI), and Gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT).

Which of the following contraceptive methods involve the role of hormone?      [NEET 2019]
  • a)
    Pill, Emergency contraception, Barrier methods
  • b)
    Lactational amenorrhea, Pills, Emergency contraceptives
  • c)
    Barrier method, Lactational amenorrhea pills
  • d)
    Cut, Pills, Emergency contraceptive
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Iyer answered
  • Lactational amenorrhea method is based on the fact that ovulation and therefore the menstrual cycle does not occur during the period of intense lactation following parturition. This is because breastfeeding disrupts the pulsatile release of GnRH from the hypothalamus and reduces gonadotropin-releasing hormones.
  • Pills are hormonal preparations (either progesterone or progestogen- estrogen combinations) in the form of tablets which are administered orally by females. They inhibit ovulation, implantation as well as alter the quality of cervical mucus. 
  • Emergency contraceptives are pills that contain levonorgestrel, a type of progestin that helps to prevent pregnancy when taken in few days after sex.

Select option including all the sexually transmitted diseases.    (2020)
  • a)
    Gonorrhoea, Malaria, Genital herpes
  • b)
    AIDS, Malaria, Filaria
  • c)
    Cancer, AIDS, Syphilis
  • d)
    Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Genital herpes
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Arpita Saha answered
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are spread through sexual contact. They are caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Some STDs can be cured with antibiotics or other treatments, while others are long-term and can cause serious health problems.

The correct option including all the sexually transmitted diseases is option 'D' which lists the following:

1. Gonorrhoea - caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, it can infect the urethra, cervix, rectum, and throat. Symptoms include painful urination, discharge, and bleeding.

2. Syphilis - caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, it can cause sores, rashes, and other symptoms. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications like blindness, heart disease, and dementia.

3. Genital herpes - caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), it can cause painful blisters and sores in the genital area. It is a chronic condition that can be managed with antiviral medication.

Prevention and Treatment

STDs can be prevented by practicing safe sex, which includes using condoms and getting tested regularly. Treatment for STDs varies depending on the infection, but can include antibiotics, antiviral medication, and other therapies. It is important to seek treatment as soon as possible to prevent complications and the spread of the infection to others.

Sequence of hormones during menstrual cycle is 
  • a)
    Oestrogen, progesterone and FSH
  • b)
    Progesterone, oestrogen and FSH
  • c)
    FSH, oestrogen and progesterone
  • d)
    FSH, progesterone andoestrogen
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Amar Mehra answered
In case of ovarian cycle, there are three phases as follicular phase, ovulation and luteal phase.
In the first phase, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is released. This stimulates the ovarian follicles. In the second phase, when the egg has nearly matured, levels of estrogen reaches a threshold. During the last phase, the pituitary hormones, FSH and LH causes the corpus luteum to produce progesterone.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

The contraceptive ‘Saheli’:    [NEET 2018]
  • a)
    Blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus, preventing eggs from getting implanted.
  • b)
    Increases the concentration of estrogen and prevents oblation in females.
  • c)
    Is an IUD
  • d)
    Is a post-coital contraceptive.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Sengupta answered
Saheli is a mini pill that contains a nonsteroidal preparation called centchroman, which is taken once a week after an initial intake of twice a week for 3 months. It blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus hence alters uterine lining and prevents fertilized eggs from being implanted.

Which of the following cannot be detected in a developing foetus by amniocentesis?
[NEET 2013]
  • a)
    Sex of the foetus
  • b)
    Down syndrome
  • c)
    Jaundice
  • d)
    Klinefelter syndrome
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Arya Khanna answered
Jaundice cannot be detected in a developing foetus by amniocentesis. It is a foetal sex determination test based on chromosomal pattern in the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo. It is now legally ban in India.

In the case of a couple where the male is having a very low sperm count, which technique will be suitable for fertilization?        [NEET 2017]
  • a)
    Gamete Intracytoplasmic Fallopian Transfer
  • b)
    Artificial Insemination
  • c)
    Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
  • d)
    Intrauterine Transfer
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Gaurav Kumar answered
Infertility cases due to the inability of the male partner to inseminate the female or due to very low sperm count in the ejaculates could be corrected by using the artificial insemination (AI) technique
In this procedure, semen is injected directly into the vagina or uterus. In this technique, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus of the female.

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