All questions of New Empires and Kingdoms for Class 6 Exam

Quran (d) ...

B

Explanation:
A warrior is someone who is engaged in or experienced in warfare. They are trained and skilled in combat and fighting techniques. In ancient times, warriors were an important part of society and played a crucial role in protecting their communities and kingdoms from external threats.

Roles and Responsibilities of a Warrior:
Warriors had various roles and responsibilities in their societies. Some of these are:

- Protection: Warriors were responsible for protecting their communities and kingdoms from external threats. They were trained in combat techniques and were equipped with weapons to defend their people.

- Leadership: Warriors were often leaders of their communities and kingdoms. They were respected for their courage, strength, and skill in combat.

- Training: Warriors were responsible for training young men in combat techniques and preparing them for battle. They also taught them about the code of honor and ethics of warfare.

- Diplomacy: Warriors were sometimes involved in diplomatic missions, negotiating peace treaties and alliances with other kingdoms.

- Service: Warriors were expected to serve their communities and kingdoms in times of peace as well. They were often involved in building infrastructure, maintaining law and order, and providing assistance during natural disasters.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, a warrior is someone who is trained and experienced in warfare and plays a crucial role in protecting their community and kingdom. They have various roles and responsibilities, including protection, leadership, training, diplomacy, and service.

We know that, Chandragupta 2 was the son of Samudragupta, so that I think Kalidas was the poet lived during the reign of Chandragupta 2

Plots similar to the play appear in earlier texts. There is a story mentioned in the Mahābhārata. A story of similar plot appear in the buddhist Jātaka tales as well. In the Mahābhārata the story appears as a precursor to the Pāṇḍava and Kaurava lineages. In the story King Duṣyanta and Śakuntalā meet in the forest and get estranged and ultimately reunited. Their son Bharata is said to have laid the foundation of the dynasty that ultimately led to Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas

Explanation:
Pulakeshin II was a Chalukya king who ruled over Deccan region of India during the 7th century. Harsha, on the other hand, was a powerful ruler of North India who ruled from Kannauj. Harsha wanted to expand his empire and march into the Deccan region to establish his dominance. However, Pulakeshin II did not allow him to cross the Narmada river.

Reasons for Pulakeshin II Stopping Harsha:
There could be several reasons why Pulakeshin II stopped Harsha from crossing the Narmada river. Some of the possible reasons are:

- Geographical Barrier: The Narmada river is one of the longest rivers in India, and it flows from east to west, dividing the Indian subcontinent into two halves. The Deccan region lies south of the Narmada river, and it was considered a difficult terrain to conquer due to its rugged terrain and dense forests. Pulakeshin II might have used the Narmada river as a natural barrier to protect his kingdom from external invasions.

- Military Strategy: Pulakeshin II was a powerful ruler who had a well-trained army. He might have realized that Harsha's army was no match for his army, and he could easily defeat Harsha in a battle. However, he also knew that Harsha was a cunning strategist, and he might use guerrilla warfare tactics to weaken Pulakeshin's army. By stopping Harsha at the Narmada river, Pulakeshin II could avoid a direct confrontation with Harsha and force him to retreat.

- Political Rivalry: Harsha was a powerful ruler who had ambitions to unify India under his rule. His conquests had already made him a popular ruler among the people of North India. Pulakeshin II might have feared that Harsha's expansionist policies could threaten his own kingdom. By stopping Harsha at the Narmada river, Pulakeshin II could send a message that he was not afraid of Harsha and could protect his kingdom from external threats.

In conclusion, Pulakeshin II stopped Harsha from crossing the Narmada river to protect his kingdom from external invasions, use military strategy and avoid political rivalry.

Pataliputra is located in Patna, which is the correct answer (option C). Let's delve into the details to understand why.

**Pataliputra - An Ancient City:**

Pataliputra, also known as Patliputra or Patna, is an ancient city situated on the southern bank of the River Ganges in the modern-day state of Bihar, India. It holds great historical significance as it was the capital city of several important empires and kingdoms throughout history.

**Capital of Maurya Empire:**

Pataliputra gained prominence during the reign of the Maurya Empire, one of the most powerful and significant empires in ancient India. Under the rule of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya and his successors, especially Emperor Ashoka, Pataliputra became the capital city of the Mauryan Empire.

**Ashoka's Contributions:**

Emperor Ashoka, famously known as Ashoka the Great, made significant contributions to the development and administration of Pataliputra. He constructed various architectural marvels, including magnificent palaces, libraries, and gardens. Ashoka also erected pillars and rock edicts throughout his empire, spreading his message of non-violence, tolerance, and moral values.

**Gupta Empire and Golden Age:**

After the decline of the Mauryan Empire, Pataliputra continued to be an important city during the Gupta Empire. The Gupta dynasty is often referred to as the "Golden Age of India" due to its remarkable achievements in science, mathematics, art, and literature. Pataliputra served as the capital of the Gupta Empire and witnessed great prosperity and cultural advancements during this period.

**Buddhist and Jain Influence:**

Pataliputra was a significant center for both Buddhism and Jainism. The city was closely associated with Gautama Buddha and his teachings, and many Buddhist monasteries and universities were established in and around Pataliputra. Similarly, Jainism also flourished in the region, with numerous Jain temples and shrines being constructed.

**Conclusion:**

In summary, Pataliputra, the ancient city of great historical importance, is located in Patna, Bihar. It served as the capital of the Maurya Empire under Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka the Great. Pataliputra also witnessed the glorious Gupta Empire and played a vital role in the development and spread of Buddhism and Jainism. So, option C, Patna, is the correct answer.

Pulakeshin II
Pulakeshin II was a ruler of the Chalukya dynasty, which was one of the most powerful and influential dynasties in South India. He reigned during the 7th century CE and is considered one of the greatest rulers of the Chalukya dynasty.

Chalukya Dynasty
The Chalukya dynasty was a royal dynasty that ruled large parts of Southern and Central India between the 6th and 12th centuries CE. The empire was founded by Pulakeshin I, and it reached its peak during the reign of Pulakeshin II. The Chalukyas were known for their administrative skills, military prowess, and patronage of arts and literature. They played a significant role in shaping the political and cultural landscape of South India.

Contributions of Pulakeshin II
Pulakeshin II is renowned for his military achievements and his successful campaigns against various rival kingdoms. He defeated Harsha, the ruler of the northern kingdom of Kannauj, which solidified his position as a powerful ruler in the region. He also defeated the Pallavas, a prominent dynasty in South India, and extended his empire over a vast territory.

Pulakeshin II was also a patron of art, architecture, and literature. He encouraged the construction of magnificent temples and sponsored the creation of beautiful sculptures and artwork. The rock-cut cave temples at Badami, Aihole, and Pattadakal are some of the notable architectural marvels associated with the Chalukya dynasty. These temples showcase the rich artistic and cultural heritage of the region during Pulakeshin II's reign.

Legacy of Pulakeshin II
Pulakeshin II's reign marked a golden age for the Chalukya dynasty. His military victories and administrative skills helped establish a stable and prosperous empire. His patronage of art and literature contributed to the flourishing of the region's cultural heritage. Pulakeshin II's legacy as a great ruler is still remembered and celebrated in South India.

In conclusion, Pulakeshin II was a ruler of the Chalukya dynasty, not the Chola, Gupta, or Pandya dynasty. He played a significant role in shaping the history and culture of South India, and his reign is considered a golden age for the Chalukya dynasty.

Harsha (590–647 CE), also known as Harshavardhana.He belongs to the Vardhan dynasty.

Answer:

On the outskirts of the city, the group that used to stay there were the Untouchables. Here is a detailed explanation of this answer:

Untouchables:
- The term "Untouchables" refers to a social group in the Indian caste system who were considered outside the traditional varna system.
- They were considered to be at the lowest rung of society and were subjected to various forms of discrimination and social exclusion.
- The Untouchables were deemed impure and were believed to pollute the higher castes if they came into contact with them.
- As a result, they were often forced to live on the outskirts of the city, away from the dominant castes.
- Their occupation was usually associated with tasks considered unclean, such as scavenging, disposing of dead animals, or cleaning human waste.

Other options:
- Farmers: While farmers may have lived on the outskirts of the city, this option does not specifically address the marginalized group that lived there.
- Women: Similarly, women may have lived on the outskirts of the city, but this option does not address any specific group.
- Brahmins: Brahmins, who are the highest caste in the Indian caste system, typically resided in the city or in more privileged areas rather than the outskirts.

Conclusion:
The correct answer to the question is option 'A' - Untouchables. They were the group that used to stay on the outskirts of the city due to their social status and the discrimination they faced in the Indian caste system.

Explanation:

Sind, also known as Sindh, is a province located in the southeastern region of Pakistan. It is the third largest province in Pakistan and shares borders with Balochistan, Punjab, and India.

Historical Significance:

Sindh has a rich and diverse history dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization. It was ruled by various empires such as the Mauryan Empire, the Arab Empire, and the British Empire. The province played an important role in the Pakistan Movement and was one of the four provinces that formed Pakistan in 1947.

Present Day:

Today, Sindh is a major economic hub in Pakistan and is known for its agriculture, industry, and cultural heritage. The province has a population of over 47 million people and its capital is Karachi, which is the largest city in Pakistan.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, Sind is located in present-day Pakistan and is an important province in the country's history and economy. Its rich cultural heritage and diverse population make it a unique and fascinating region to explore.

Hiuen Tsang was a Chinese traveler who visited India in Ancient Times between AD 627-643. He visited India during the reign of Harshavardhana who came to admire him for his deep devotion towards Buddhism. He returned with over six hundred Mahayana and Hinayana texts, seven statues of the Buddha, and more than a hundred sarira relics.

Dynasty represents the hereditary acceptance of power and ruled by different family members one after another as their successors.Thus a dynasty would be powerful if the successors of the founder are pity strong.
In short dynasty refers to the hereditary position holding of power of a family member.
ex:- Gupta,Haryanaka,Mourya etc

Answer:

Introduction:
Aryabhata was an Indian astronomer and mathematician who lived in the late 5th and early 6th centuries AD. He is considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians of ancient India and has made significant contributions to the fields of mathematics and astronomy.

Aryabhata’s Court:
Aryabhata was a famous astronomer in the court of Chandragupta-II, who was a ruler of the Gupta dynasty. Chandragupta-II was also known as Vikramaditya and was a great patron of learning and the arts. He is considered to be one of the most important rulers of the Gupta dynasty and was known for his military conquests, cultural achievements, and patronage of scholars and artists.

Aryabhata’s Contributions:
Aryabhata is best known for his work on astronomy and mathematics. He is credited with the invention of the concept of zero and the decimal system, which are considered to be some of the most important contributions to the field of mathematics. He also made significant contributions to the field of astronomy, including the discovery of the rotation of the Earth on its axis and the explanation of the causes of eclipses.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Aryabhata was a famous astronomer in the court of Chandragupta-II, who was a great patron of learning and the arts. Aryabhata is known for his significant contributions to the fields of mathematics and astronomy, including the invention of the concept of zero and the decimal system, and the discovery of the rotation of the Earth on its axis.

Importance of Samantas to the King's Army:
- Providing Land: Samantas played a crucial role in providing land to the king's army for establishing military camps and fortifications. This was essential for maintaining troops and equipment.
- Allocating Resources: Apart from land, samantas also allocated resources such as food, weapons, and other supplies necessary for the functioning of the army. This support ensured that the troops were well-equipped and prepared for battles.
- Supporting Troops: The samantas were responsible for supporting the troops in their regions, ensuring that they were well taken care of and had everything they needed for their military duties. This support helped in boosting the morale and efficiency of the soldiers.
- Strategic Locations: Samantas often controlled strategic locations that were important for the defense of the kingdom. By providing access to these locations, they contributed significantly to the overall defense strategy of the king's army.
- Logistical Support: In addition to land and resources, samantas also provided logistical support to the army, such as transportation of troops and supplies. This logistical support was vital for the smooth functioning of the army during campaigns and battles.
In conclusion, the samantas were crucial to the king's army as they not only provided land and resources but also played a significant role in supporting and maintaining the troops. Their contributions were essential for the overall effectiveness and success of the army in protecting the kingdom.

Prashasti of Pulakeshin II: A Historical Overview
The prashasti, a form of eulogy often inscribed on pillars or monuments, serves as a critical source of information about the reign of Pulakeshin II, a prominent ruler of the Early Chalukyas.

Significance of Option C: Defense Against Harsha
Pulakeshin II's prashasti uniquely emphasizes his successful defense against the invasion of Harsha, one of the most powerful rulers of northern India during the 7th century.

Key Points Highlighted in the Prashasti:
- **Military Prowess**: The prashasti underscores Pulakeshin's strategic military capabilities, showcasing how he successfully resisted Harsha’s advances into southern India.
- **Strategic Importance**: His defense against Harsha was pivotal as it helped maintain the independence of the Deccan region, allowing the Chalukya dynasty to flourish without external threats from the north.
- **Political Implications**: This victory not only reinforced Pulakeshin's authority but also solidified his reputation as a formidable ruler in the eyes of both contemporaries and historians.
- **Cultural Impact**: The successful defense against Harsha fostered a sense of regional pride and identity, promoting the Chalukya dynasty’s cultural and political significance in southern India.

Conclusion
In summary, the prashasti of Pulakeshin II primarily highlights his military achievements, particularly his successful defense against Harsha's invasion, underscoring the importance of regional autonomy in the face of powerful northern adversaries. This aspect of his reign is significant for understanding the dynamics of power in ancient India.