All questions of Scientific and Technological Development and Inventions for Class 6 Exam

Facebook Development

Facebook is a social media platform that allows users to connect and communicate with each other. It was developed by Mark Zuckerberg, along with his college roommates and fellow students, Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes.

Year of Development

The correct answer to the question is option 'A', which means Facebook was developed in the year 2004.

Reasons behind Development

Mark Zuckerberg initially developed Facebook as a social networking site for Harvard University students, where they could create profiles, exchange messages, and share information with each other. However, due to its popularity, it soon expanded to other universities and eventually became available to the general public in 2006.

Impact of Facebook

Over the years, Facebook has become one of the most popular and influential social media platforms in the world. It has more than 2.7 billion monthly active users and is used for communication, entertainment, advertising, and business purposes.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Facebook was developed in the year 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg and his team of fellow students. It started as a social networking site for Harvard University students and quickly grew to become one of the most popular and influential social media platforms in the world. Its impact on communication, entertainment, advertising, and business is undeniable.

The Development of Atomic Bomb by the United States

Introduction:
The atomic bomb is a powerful weapon of mass destruction that releases a tremendous amount of energy through nuclear reactions. The development of the atomic bomb was a significant scientific achievement that took place during World War II.

Background:
The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. The project was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. The goal of the Manhattan Project was to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany.

Development:
The development of the atomic bomb involved the work of many scientists, including Albert Einstein, who wrote a letter to President Roosevelt in 1939 warning of the potential of nuclear weapons. The project was led by physicist Robert Oppenheimer, who oversaw the construction of the first atomic bomb at the Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico.

Testing:
On July 16, 1945, the United States conducted the first successful test of an atomic bomb in Alamogordo, New Mexico. The explosion released the energy equivalent of 15,000 tons of TNT and created a mushroom cloud that rose 40,000 feet into the air.

Use of Atomic Bomb:
The United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and August 9, 1945, respectively. The bombings resulted in the deaths of an estimated 200,000 people and marked the first and only use of nuclear weapons in warfare.

Conclusion:
The successful development of the atomic bomb by the United States during World War II led to a new era of warfare and heightened tensions between nuclear-armed nations. The atomic bomb remains a powerful symbol of the destructive potential of nuclear weapons.

Discovery of Pluto

Clyde Tombaugh, an American astronomer, discovered Pluto on February 18, 1930, at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona.

Tombaugh's discovery of Pluto

Tombaugh was hired by the Lowell Observatory in 1929 to search for a ninth planet that was believed to exist beyond Neptune. He used a technique called photographic plates to take images of the night sky and compare them to find any changes that could indicate the presence of a new planet.

After months of searching, Tombaugh finally spotted a tiny dot in the images that had moved slightly over time. This movement indicated the presence of a new planet, which was later named Pluto.

Significance of the discovery

The discovery of Pluto was significant at the time because it was the first new planet discovered since Neptune was spotted in 1846. It also helped to confirm the existence of a "Planet X," which had been theorized to explain the irregular orbits of Uranus and Neptune.

However, in 2006, Pluto was reclassified as a "dwarf planet" due to its small size and different characteristics from the other eight planets in our solar system. Nonetheless, Tombaugh's discovery of Pluto remains an important achievement in the field of astronomy.

Understanding Albert Einstein's Role
Albert Einstein is primarily recognized as a theoretical physicist due to his groundbreaking contributions to the field of physics, particularly in the understanding of the universe.
Key Contributions to Physics
- Theory of Relativity:
- Einstein formulated the Special Theory of Relativity in 1905, which revolutionized the concepts of space and time.
- His General Theory of Relativity, published in 1915, provided a new understanding of gravity, describing it as the curvature of spacetime.
- Photoelectric Effect:
- In 1905, Einstein also explained the photoelectric effect, demonstrating that light can be understood as both a wave and a particle. This work earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
Other Roles
While Einstein had interests in philosophy and mathematics and made significant contributions in these areas, his core identity lies in theoretical physics.
- Philosopher:
- Although he contemplated philosophical questions about science and existence, he is not primarily recognized as a philosopher.
- Mathematician:
- While he utilized advanced mathematics to develop his theories, he was not a mathematician by profession.
- Astronomer:
- Einstein’s theories have greatly influenced astronomy, particularly in understanding cosmic phenomena, but he did not primarily conduct astronomical research.
Conclusion
In summary, the correct classification of Albert Einstein is as a theoretical physicist, given his profound impact on our understanding of the physical universe through his theories and discoveries.

The name of the space shuttle that launched the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit on April 24, 1990, is the Discovery.

Explanation:

The Hubble Space Telescope is a large telescope that was specifically designed to be placed in space to avoid the distortion caused by Earth's atmosphere. It was launched into orbit by the space shuttle Discovery.

The space shuttle Discovery was one of NASA's fleet of space shuttles that were used for various missions, including satellite deployments, crew rotations to the International Space Station (ISS), and telescope launches. It was the third operational orbiter in NASA's Space Shuttle program and played a crucial role in many significant missions.

The Discovery had a total of 39 successful missions during its operational life, making it the most flown orbiter in the shuttle fleet. It was first launched on August 30, 1984, and its final mission was on February 24, 2011.

The launch of the Hubble Space Telescope on April 24, 1990, marked an important milestone in space exploration. The telescope has provided humanity with breathtaking images of distant galaxies, stars, and nebulae, as well as valuable scientific data that has advanced our understanding of the universe.

In summary, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit by the space shuttle Discovery on April 24, 1990. The Discovery was one of NASA's space shuttles and played a significant role in space exploration missions.

Introduction
The physicist in question is Louis Essen, an English scientist renowned for his contributions to the precise measurement of time and the speed of light.
Key Achievements
- Speed of Light Measurement:
Louis Essen was the first to measure the speed of light using a laboratory apparatus. This was a significant advancement in physics, as it moved the measurement from astronomical methods to controlled laboratory conditions.
- Development of Atomic Clocks:
Essen also played a pivotal role in the development of atomic clocks, which are crucial for accurate timekeeping and have applications in GPS technology and telecommunications.
Impact on Physics
- Precision in Measurements:
His work emphasized the importance of precision in scientific measurements. The methods he developed continue to influence timekeeping and measurements in physics today.
- Foundation for Future Research:
Louis Essen's findings laid the groundwork for future research and technological advancements related to time and light, impacting various fields of science and engineering.
Conclusion
In summary, Louis Essen's innovative approaches and methods in measuring the speed of light and time have made him a key figure in physics, distinguishing him from other scientists like Isaac Newton and B. Halt. His legacy continues to shape our understanding of fundamental scientific principles.

Answer:

The equipment needed to allow home computers to connect to the internet is called a modem.

Explanation:

A modem is a device that allows computers to connect to the internet. It stands for "modulator-demodulator" and its main function is to convert digital signals from a computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over telephone lines or other communication channels.

How does a modem work?

A modem is connected to the computer through a cable or wirelessly, and it connects to the internet service provider (ISP) through a telephone line, cable line, or fiber optic line. When the computer sends a request to access a website or any other online resource, the modem converts the digital signals into analog signals and transmits them to the ISP. The ISP then processes the request and sends the corresponding data back to the modem, which converts the analog signals back into digital signals that the computer can understand. This allows the computer to access and display the requested information.

Other options:

While a modem is the main equipment needed to connect a home computer to the internet, there are other components that are also necessary for a complete internet connection setup. These include:

- Gateway: A gateway is a device that acts as an intermediary between the home network and the internet. It manages the flow of data between the computer and the internet, and it can provide additional security features.

- Monitor: A monitor is a display device that allows users to visually interact with the computer. It is not directly related to the internet connection but is an essential component of a computer setup.

- Peripheral: Peripherals are additional devices that can be connected to a computer, such as printers, scanners, keyboards, and mice. While these devices are important for various computer functions, they are not directly related to the internet connection.

In summary, a modem is the equipment needed to establish a connection between a home computer and the internet. It converts digital signals into analog signals for transmission over communication channels and vice versa. Other components such as gateways, monitors, and peripherals are also important for a complete computer setup, but they are not specifically related to the internet connection.