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All questions of The Making of Regional Cultures for Class 7 Exam

The temple theatre of Kerala built by Chera borrowed stories from the
  • a)
    Roman Epics
  • b)
    Hindi Epics
  • c)
    Tamil Epics
  • d)
    Sanskrit epics
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

The temple theatre of Kerala built by Chera borrowed stories from the Sanskrit epics. The Cheras drew upon Sanskritic traditions. The first literary works in Malayalam, dated to about the 12th century, are directly indebted to Sanskrit. The Lilatilakam, a fourteenth century text, dealt with grammar and poetics and was composed in Manipravalam - literally, diamonds and corals' referring to the two languages namely Sanskrit and the regional language.

Lilatilakam deals with
  • a)
    Drama and poetics
  • b)
    Drama only
  • c)
    Poetics only
  • d)
    Grammar and poetics
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Aditya Kumar answered
Lilatilakam is a book written by A. R. Raja Raja Verma. It's a account which deals with the grammar and poetics of the old form of malyalam language called Manipravalam language spoken in Kerala. "Manipravalam" means ruby-coral. This language is a mixture of regional language of Kerala and Sanskrit it is clear in its name as "mani" means "ruby" in tamil and "pravalam" means coral in sanskrit.

Lilatilakam, was composed in
  • a)
    Mannnipravalam
  • b)
    Manipravalam
  • c)
    Manipurvalam
  • d)
    Manipravolam
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Pooja Shah answered
Lilatilakam. Lilatilakam  is a 14th century Sanskrit-language treatise on the grammar and poetics of the Manipravalam language form, a precursor of the modern Malayalam language spoken in the Kerala state of India.

Jagannatha temple is in
  • a)
    Kerala
  • b)
    Maharashtra
  • c)
    Odisha
  • d)
    Karnataka
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Upsc Toppers answered
The correct option is C.
The Shree Jagannath Temple of Puri is an important Hindu temple dedicated to Jagannath, a form of Vishnu, in Puri in the state of Odisha on the eastern coast.

A Persian word meaning a spiritual guide
  • a)
    Per
  • b)
    Pur
  • c)
    Por
  • d)
    Pir
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Priya Menon answered
Peer or Pir (Persian:'old [person]', 'elder') is a title for a Sufi master or spiritual guide. They are also referred to as a Hazrat (from Arabic:, romanized: Haḍra) and Sheikh or Shaykh, which is literally the Arabic equivalent.

In 1230, Who dedicated his kingdom to the deity and proclaimed himself as the ?deputy? of the god
  • a)
    king Anangabhima IV
  • b)
    king Anangabhima III
  • c)
    king Anangabhima II
  • d)
    king Anangabhima I
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Devanshi Reddy answered
King Anangabhima III

King Anangabhima III was a ruler of the Eastern Ganga dynasty in India. He dedicated his kingdom to the deity and proclaimed himself as the "deputy" of the god in the year 1230.

Background:

The Eastern Ganga dynasty ruled over parts of present-day Odisha and Andhra Pradesh from the 11th to the 15th century. They were known for their patronage of art, architecture, and literature, as well as their devotion to Hinduism.

King Anangabhima III:

King Anangabhima III was one of the most powerful rulers of the Eastern Ganga dynasty. He ascended the throne in 1211 and ruled for a period of 35 years.

In the year 1230, he made a grand proclamation, dedicating his kingdom to the deity and proclaiming himself as the "deputy" of the god. This was a significant act of devotion and humility, as it demonstrated his belief in the divine power that ruled over his kingdom.

Legacy:

King Anangabhima III's dedication to the deity and his proclamation as the "deputy" of the god became an important part of the Eastern Ganga dynasty's legacy. It reflected the dynasty's strong devotion to Hinduism and their belief in the divine power that ruled over their kingdom.

Today, the Eastern Ganga dynasty is remembered for their contributions to art, architecture, and literature, as well as their devotion to Hinduism. King Anangabhima III's dedication to the deity and his proclamation as the "deputy" of the god remains an important part of their legacy.

Kathak was developed in two traditions or gharanas:
  • a)
    In the courts of Rajasthan and the other in Lucknow
  • b)
    In the courts of Rajasthan and the other in Kerala
  • c)
    In the courts of Kerala and the other in Lucknow
  • d)
    In the courts of Gujarat and the other in Orissa
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Kathak was also performed in Mughal courts, and there it acquired the features that are prevalent even today. Later, Kathak developed into two traditions or 'gharanas' in the courts of Jaipur and Lucknow; it grew into a major art form with the support of Nawab Wajid Ali Khan.

Nadir Shah's invasion and the conquest of Delhi in
  • a)
    1739
  • b)
    1738
  • c)
    1737
  • d)
    1735
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?


Background:

Nadir Shah, the ruler of Persia, launched an invasion of India in 1739 with the aim of plundering the wealthy Mughal Empire.

Conquest of Delhi:

- In 1739, Nadir Shah's forces reached Delhi, the capital of the Mughal Empire, after defeating the Mughal army in the Battle of Karnal.
- The invasion culminated in the sacking of Delhi, where Nadir Shah's troops looted the city and massacred thousands of its inhabitants.
- The Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah was forced to surrender and grant Nadir Shah extensive concessions and treasures.

Impact:

- The conquest of Delhi by Nadir Shah marked a significant decline in the power and prestige of the Mughal Empire.
- The invasion exposed the vulnerability of the once-mighty Mughal Empire to external threats and paved the way for further invasions and conquests by foreign powers.

Legacy:

- Nadir Shah's invasion of Delhi in 1739 had far-reaching consequences for the Mughal Empire, leading to its eventual disintegration and the rise of regional powers in India.
- The event also highlighted the declining military capabilities and political authority of the Mughal rulers, setting the stage for the British colonization of India in the following decades.

Attribution of living soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena
  • a)
    Animism
  • b)
    Anemesm
  • c)
    Anemism
  • d)
    Amimesim
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Preethi Mehta answered
Attribution of living soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena is known as Animism.

Explanation:
Animism is the belief that everything in nature, including plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena, has a living soul. It is the idea that there is no real distinction between the spiritual and physical world, and that all things have a spirit or life force. Animism is one of the oldest belief systems in the world, and it is still practiced by many indigenous cultures today.

Animism is a complex belief system that is often closely tied to the culture and traditions of the people who practice it. It is often characterized by a deep respect for the natural world and a belief that everything is connected. Animistic cultures often believe in the existence of spirits or deities that inhabit the natural world, and they may use rituals and ceremonies to honor and communicate with these spirits.

Some examples of animistic beliefs include:

- The belief that trees and plants have a soul and should be treated with respect and care
- The belief that natural phenomena like thunder and lightning are caused by powerful spirits or deities
- The belief that inanimate objects like rocks and stones have a spirit or life force, and should be treated with reverence

Overall, animism is a rich and complex belief system that has played an important role in shaping the beliefs and practices of many cultures around the world.

Kathak, now associated with several parts of
  • a)
    North India
  • b)
    West India
  • c)
    East India
  • d)
    South India
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Explanation:
Kathak is one of the eight major classical dances of India, originating from North India. It is believed that Kathak originated in the temples of northern India, where it was performed by Brahmin priests called Kathakas. Over time, Kathak evolved to become a popular form of entertainment in the courts of the Mughal emperors and Nawabs.

History:
Kathak has a long and rich history that dates back to ancient times. The dance form is said to have originated in the temples of northern India, where it was performed by Brahmin priests. Over time, Kathak evolved to become a popular form of entertainment in the courts of the Mughal emperors and Nawabs.

Geographical distribution:
Today, Kathak is most commonly associated with North India, particularly the states of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. However, it is also performed in other parts of India, such as West Bengal, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. In addition, there are many Kathak dancers and schools of Kathak outside of India, particularly in the United States and Europe.

Styles:
There are three main styles of Kathak: Jaipur gharana, Lucknow gharana, and Banaras gharana. Each style has its own unique characteristics and techniques, and is named after the city where it originated.

Costumes and Music:
Kathak dancers wear colorful costumes, including a long, flowing skirt (ghagra) and a tight-fitting blouse (choli). The men wear a long tunic (kurta) and pants (churidar). The dancers also wear bells (ghungroo) around their ankles, which create a rhythmic sound as they move.

Kathak is accompanied by classical Indian music, which may include instruments such as the tabla (drums), sitar (stringed instrument), and sarangi (bowed instrument).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Kathak is a classical dance form that originated in North India and is now associated with several parts of the country. It has a rich history and is characterized by its intricate footwork, graceful movements, and expressive storytelling. Today, Kathak continues to be a popular and highly respected form of dance, both in India and around the world.

 What was the capital of Bengal under the Mughal control?
  • a)
    Delhi
  • b)
    Dhaka
  • c)
    Calcutta
  • d)
    Awadh
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

  • Dhaka served as the capital during the reign of Mughal rulers like Subahdar Islam Khan in the early 17th century.
  • It became a prominent administrative and trade center due to its strategic location and thriving economy.
  • The city was known for its flourishing muslin trade, attracting merchants and artisans.
  • Dhaka's importance as a capital reflected the Mughal Empire's efforts to consolidate power in Bengal.
Therefore,Correct Answer- Option B

In Bengal Officials and functionaries received land and often set up ___ that served as centres for religious transformation in these areas.
  • a)
    Buildings
  • b)
    Fort
  • c)
    Temple
  • d)
    Mosques
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Jhanvi Joshi answered
The correct option is D.
Pirs and Temples This coincided with the establishment of Mughal control over Bengal with their capital in the heart of the eastern delta at Dhaka. Officials and functionaries received land and often set up mosques that served as centres for religious transformation in these areas.

The Brihaddharma Purana, a thirteenth-century Sanskrit text from Bengal, permitted the local Brahmanas to eat certain varieties of
  • a)
    Fish
  • b)
    Potato
  • c)
    Wheat
  • d)
    Rice
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Abhijeet Gupta answered
Explanation:

Brihaddharma Purana:
The Brihaddharma Purana is a thirteenth-century Sanskrit text from Bengal that provides guidelines and rules for the local Brahmanas.

Permission to eat fish:
According to the Brihaddharma Purana, certain varieties of fish were permitted for the local Brahmanas to consume. This permission was significant as Brahmanas were traditionally expected to adhere to strict dietary restrictions, which often excluded the consumption of meat, including fish.

Regional Variation:
It is important to note that dietary practices and restrictions varied across regions and communities in ancient India. While some texts and traditions prohibited the consumption of fish for Brahmanas, the Brihaddharma Purana from Bengal allowed certain varieties of fish to be eaten by the local Brahmanas.

Significance:
The permission granted in the Brihaddharma Purana reflects the diversity and flexibility within Hindu dietary traditions. It also highlights the influence of regional customs and practices on religious texts and guidelines.
Therefore, the Brihaddharma Purana, a thirteenth-century Sanskrit text from Bengal, permitted the local Brahmanas to eat certain varieties of fish, showcasing the regional variations in dietary practices within Hinduism.

Mangalakavyas is a
  • a)
    Sanskrit Epics
  • b)
    Persian Epics
  • c)
    Hindi Epics
  • d)
    English Epics
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Shristi Singh answered
The first includes translations of the Sanskrit epics, the Mangalakavyas, auspicious poems, dealing with local deities, and Bhakti literature such as the biographies of Chaitanyadeva, the leader of the Vaishnava Bhakti movement.

The Mughal emperors ________ patronised highly skilled painters who primarily illustrated manuscripts containing historical accounts and poetry
  • a)
    Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan
  • b)
    Akbar, Jahangir and Aurangzeb
  • c)
    Babar, Jahangir and Aurangzeb
  • d)
    Babar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepa Iyer answered

The Mughal emperors who patronised highly skilled painters and primarily illustrated manuscripts containing historical accounts and poetry were Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan.
Here is a detailed explanation of each option:
Option A: Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan
- Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan were Mughal emperors who actively patronised highly skilled painters.
- These emperors promoted the art of manuscript illustration and encouraged painters to create detailed and intricate illustrations.
- The illustrated manuscripts often contained historical accounts and poetry, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of the Mughal Empire.
Option B: Akbar, Jahangir, and Aurangzeb
- While Akbar and Jahangir indeed patronised highly skilled painters, Aurangzeb, unlike his predecessors, did not have a significant interest in the arts.
- Aurangzeb focused more on military conquests and administrative matters, and his reign saw a decline in the Mughal patronage of art and culture.
Option C: Babar, Jahangir, and Aurangzeb
- Babar, the founder of the Mughal Empire, did not have the same level of patronage for painters and illustrated manuscripts as his successors.
- Jahangir, on the other hand, continued and expanded the artistic traditions established by his father, Akbar.
- Aurangzeb, as mentioned earlier, had a limited interest in the arts and did not actively patronise painters.
Option D: Babar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan
- Babar, as the founder of the Mughal Empire, did not have a significant impact on the patronage of painters and illustrated manuscripts.
- Jahangir's reign marked a period of flourishing art and culture, with a focus on manuscript illustration.
- Shah Jahan, known for his architectural achievements, also supported the arts and commissioned many luxurious illustrated manuscripts.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A: Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan.

______ is a popular regional deity, often worshipped in the form of a stone or a piece of wood
  • a)
    Chaitanyadeva
  • b)
    Gopichandra
  • c)
    Dharma Thakur
  • d)
    Maynamati
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Yashvi Desai answered
Dharma Thakur is a popular regional deity, often worshipped in the form of a stone or a piece of wood. He is primarily worshipped in the eastern Indian states of West Bengal and Odisha, as well as in some parts of Bangladesh.

History and Legends:

There are various legends and stories associated with the origin of Dharma Thakur. One of the popular legends suggests that he was a tribal king who fought against injustice and oppression, and established a just and fair rule in his kingdom. He was later deified and worshipped as a deity of justice and righteousness.

Another legend suggests that Dharma Thakur was a form of Lord Shiva, who appeared in the form of a stone to bless his devotees and grant them their wishes.

Worship:

Dharma Thakur is worshipped by both Hindus and Muslims in the region. He is often depicted as a bearded man, holding a trident and a sword, and riding on a bull. His worshippers offer him rice, fruits, flowers, and sweets.

The deity is believed to have the power to cure diseases, protect against evil spirits, and bring prosperity and happiness to his devotees. Many people also offer sacrifices to him during festivals and special occasions.

Conclusion:

Dharma Thakur is a significant regional deity, who has a strong following in eastern India. His worship reflects the syncretic nature of Indian culture, where people from different religions and backgrounds come together to offer their prayers and seek his blessings.

Which state was called Rajputana by the British
  • a)
    Madhya Pradesh
  • b)
    Rajasthan
  • c)
    Punjab
  • d)
    Gujarat
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayush Das answered
Introduction:
Rajputana was a region in India that was called so by the British. It was initially a collection of princely states that were ruled by Rajput rulers.

Rajasthan - The Land of Rajputs:
Rajasthan is a state in northern India that was known as Rajputana during British rule. The state has a rich history of Rajput rulers who ruled over the region for several centuries. The Rajputs were known for their valor, chivalry, and honor.

British Rule and Rajputana:
During British rule, Rajputana was a collection of princely states that were under the British suzerainty. The British had a policy of divide and rule and they encouraged the Rajput rulers to fight among themselves. The British also appointed political agents to the princely states to maintain their influence over them.

Formation of Rajasthan:
After India gained independence in 1947, the princely states were given the option to join either India or Pakistan. The Rajputana Agency was transformed into the United State of Rajasthan, which was later renamed as Rajasthan. Today, Rajasthan is one of the most popular tourist destinations in India and is known for its rich history, culture, and architecture.

Conclusion:
Rajasthan, which was known as Rajputana during British rule, has a rich history of Rajput rulers who ruled over the region for several centuries. Today, Rajasthan is a popular tourist destination in India and is known for its rich history, culture, and architecture.

Bengali is derived from
  • a)
    English
  • b)
    Awadhi
  • c)
    Hindi
  • d)
    Sanskrit
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Meera Kapoor answered
Introduction:
Bengali is an Indo-Aryan language primarily spoken in Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, and Assam. It is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world with over 200 million native speakers. Bengali, also known as Bangla, has a rich linguistic history and has evolved from various sources.
Derivation of Bengali:
Bengali is derived from Sanskrit, an ancient Indo-Aryan language. The evolution of Bengali can be traced through different stages:
1. Sanskrit:
- Sanskrit, an ancient language, is the root of many modern Indian languages.
- Bengali shares a strong linguistic connection with Sanskrit, especially in terms of vocabulary and grammar.
- Many words in Bengali are derived from Sanskrit roots.
2. Middle Indo-Aryan:
- During the Middle Ages, Bengali developed from the Apabhramsha form of Middle Indo-Aryan.
- The influence of Middle Indo-Aryan languages like Magadhi, Ardhamagadhi, and Varendra can be seen in the evolution of Bengali.
3. Magadhi Prakrit:
- Magadhi Prakrit, an earlier form of Bengali, was spoken in the Magadha region of ancient India.
- It played a significant role in shaping the Bengali language.
4. Influence of Persian and Arabic:
- During the medieval period, Bengali also assimilated vocabulary and linguistic features from Persian and Arabic, due to the influence of Muslim rulers in the region.
5. Influence of European languages:
- With the arrival of European colonizers, Bengali absorbed loanwords and linguistic elements from English, Portuguese, and Dutch.
Conclusion:
Bengali, a widely spoken Indo-Aryan language, has evolved over centuries through various influences. While it has roots in Sanskrit and Middle Indo-Aryan, it has also been shaped by Magadhi Prakrit, Persian, Arabic, and European languages. Understanding the historical development of Bengali helps us appreciate its linguistic richness and cultural significance.

Jaipur is in which state
  • a)
    Uttar Pradesh
  • b)
    Rajasthan
  • c)
    Gujarat
  • d)
    Madhya Pradesh
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Isha Yadav answered
Introduction:
Jaipur is a city located in the state of Rajasthan, India. It is the capital city of Rajasthan and is well-known for its rich history, cultural heritage, and magnificent architecture.

Explanation:
Jaipur, also known as the Pink City, is situated in the northwestern part of India. It is the largest city in Rajasthan and serves as the administrative, cultural, and commercial center of the state.

Location:
Jaipur is located in the state of Rajasthan, which is in the western part of India. It is surrounded by the Aravalli Range on its three sides and is approximately 280 kilometers away from the national capital, New Delhi.

Rajasthan:
Rajasthan, the state in which Jaipur is located, is the largest state in India by area. It shares its borders with five other states - Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, and Punjab. Rajasthan is known for its vibrant culture, historical monuments, and desert landscapes.

Historical Significance:
Jaipur was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amber. The city was planned and designed by Vidyadhar Bhattacharya, an architect from Bengal, following the principles of Vastu Shastra and Shilpa Shastra. Jaipur was one of the first planned cities in India and is known for its grid-like layout, wide streets, and well-organized markets.

Attractions:
Jaipur is a popular tourist destination and is known for its numerous attractions. Some of the famous landmarks in Jaipur include the City Palace, Hawa Mahal, Jantar Mantar, Amer Fort, Jaigarh Fort, Nahargarh Fort, and Jal Mahal. The city also has several museums, temples, gardens, and bazaars that showcase the rich cultural heritage of Rajasthan.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Jaipur is located in the state of Rajasthan, India. It is the capital city of Rajasthan and is renowned for its historical significance, architectural marvels, and vibrant culture. The city attracts tourists from all over the world and offers a unique blend of tradition and modernity.

The earliest miniatures were on
  • a)
    Palm leaves or wood
  • b)
    Glass
  • c)
    Plastic
  • d)
    Paper
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepa Iyer answered
The earliest miniatures were on:
- Palm leaves or wood: The earliest miniatures were created on materials such as palm leaves or wood. These materials were readily available and easy to carve or paint on.
- Glass: While glass miniatures have been created throughout history, they were not the earliest form of miniatures. Glass miniatures became more popular in the 18th and 19th centuries with the development of glassblowing techniques.
- Plastic: Plastic was not available in ancient times, so it is not a plausible material for the earliest miniatures.
- Paper: Paper was not commonly used for miniatures in ancient times. While paper has been used for various forms of artwork, including origami and paper dolls, it was not the primary material for early miniatures.
In conclusion, the earliest miniatures were typically made on materials such as palm leaves or wood. These materials were easily accessible and allowed for intricate carving or painting.

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