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All questions of Understanding Our Criminal Justice System (Old Syllabus) for Class 8 Exam

___ Deals with any harm or injury to rights
  • a)
    Criminal law
  • b)
    Civil law
  • c)
    State law
  • d)
    Court law
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Shail Gupta answered
Civil law deals with the disputes between individuals,  organizations, or between the two, in which compensation  is awarded to the victim. “Preponderance of evidence” The burden of proof falls on  the plaintiff. One must produce evidence beyond the  balance of probabilities. Landlord/tenant disputes, divorce proceedings, child  custody proceedings, property disputes, personal injury, etc.

The subordinate court is more commonly known by many different names except
  • a)
    Additional Sessions Judge
  • b)
    Apex court
  • c)
    Chief Judicial Magistrate
  • d)
    Trial Court or the Court of the District Judge
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Kavya Saxena answered
The subordinate courts are tge courts which deal both civil and criminal cases.Thesubordinate courts are situated in districts. There are three types of subordinate courts in India.They are: Junior civil judge/ junior first class magistrate

There are ___ different levels of courts in our country
  • a)
    5
  • b)
    3
  • c)
    2
  • d)
    4
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Alok Verma answered
The judicial system of India is mainly consisting of three types of courts- the Supreme Court, The High Courts and the subordinate courts

PIL stands for
  • a)
    Public Interest Litigation
  • b)
    Public Interest Law
  • c)
    Private International Litigation
  • d)
    Private Interest Legal
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rishabh Sen answered
Public Interest Litigation is directly filed by an individual or group of people in the Supreme Court and High Courts and judicial member. The person who is filing the petition must not have any personal interest in the litigation, this petition is accepted by the court only if there is interest of large public involved.

High Courts were first established in which of 3 presidency cities?
  • a)
    Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
  • b)
    Punjab, Gujarat , Rajasthan
  • c)
    Calcutta, Madras, Bombay
  • d)
    Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Shivam Pandey answered
And C
First high court was established at Calcutta under the regulating act of 1973, infact it was established as supreme court of British India,later on it was made high court of Calcutta.

Judiciary also has the power to strike down particular laws passed by the Parliament if it believes that these are a violation of the basic structure of the Constitution. This is called
  • a)
    Law Making
  • b)
    Dispute resolution
  • c)
    Judicial review
  • d)
    Enforcing fundamental rights
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Pooja Shah answered
Judicial review, power of the courts of a country to examine the actions of the legislative, executive, and administrative arms of the government and to determine whether such actions are consistent with the constitution. Actions judged inconsistent are declared unconstitutional and, therefore, null and void.

Which right was included in article 21
  • a)
    Right to education
  • b)
    Right to speak
  • c)
    Right to personal liberty
  • d)
    Right to information
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Manpreet Kalra answered
Article 21- Protection of life and Personal Liberty. No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to produce established by law. Article 21 of the consitution deals with prevention of encroachment upon personal liberty or deprivation of life of a person.

Decision like that no teacher can beat a student, or about the sharing of river waters between states, or they can punish people for particular crimes are taken by
  • a)
    Court
  • b)
    Citizens
  • c)
    Ministers
  • d)
    Police
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Krish Dasgupta answered
A is the correct option. The courts  can decide that no teacher can beat a student, or about the sharing of river waters between states, or they can punish people for particular crimes.

Function like examine the witnesses in court is done by
  • a)
    Defence lawyer
  • b)
    Judge
  • c)
    Public prosecutor
  • d)
    Police
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Kunal Sengupta answered
The judge is like an umpire in a game and conducts the trial impartially and in an open court. The judge hears all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the prosecution and the defence. The judge decides whether the accused person is guilty or innocent on the basis of the evidence presented and in accordance with the law. If the accused is convicted, then the judge pronounces the sentence. He may send the person to jail or impose a fine or both, depending on what the law prescribes.

Punjab and Haryana share a common High Court at
  • a)
    Ambala
  • b)
    Chandigarh
  • c)
    Panchkula
  • d)
    Patiala
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

s r khan answered
Punjab and Haryana High Court is the common High Court for the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana and the Union Territory of Chandigarh based in Chandigarh, India.

FIR stands for
  • a)
    Final Initial Result
  • b)
    First Information Report
  • c)
    Final Information Report
  • d)
    First Information Result
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti S answered
First information received after a Crime has been committed. It is the very first knowledge given to the Police after an incident has taken place and holds an important value as it sets the law into motion. Important to note, CrPC nowhere has used the word FIR.

At the top is the _____ that is located in New Delhi
  • a)
    District Court
  • b)
    Supreme Court
  • c)
    High Court
  • d)
    Subordinate Court
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Anmol Kumar answered
The Supreme Court in New Delhi

The correct answer to this question is option 'B', which is the Supreme Court. Here's why:

Explanation:
- The Supreme Court is the highest court in India and is located in New Delhi. It was established on January 26, 1950, and is the final court of appeal in the country.
- The Supreme Court hears appeals from lower courts and resolves disputes between states and the central government. It also has the power of judicial review, which allows it to strike down laws passed by the parliament if they are unconstitutional.
- The Supreme Court is headed by the Chief Justice of India and has a maximum strength of 34 judges. They are appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of a collegium of judges and senior lawyers.
- The Supreme Court also has the power to issue writs, such as habeas corpus, mandamus, and certiorari, to protect the fundamental rights of citizens and enforce the rule of law.
- In addition to its judicial functions, the Supreme Court also has administrative responsibilities, such as managing the court's budget and appointing judges to lower courts.

Conclusion:
In summary, the Supreme Court is the highest court in India and is located in New Delhi. It has the power of judicial review, hears appeals from lower courts, and protects the fundamental rights of citizens. It is headed by the Chief Justice of India and has administrative responsibilities in addition to its judicial functions.

Hashimpura is in
  • a)
    Agra
  • b)
    Meerut
  • c)
    Lucknow
  • d)
    Allahabad
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Jayant Mishra answered
B) Meerut. Hashimpura is a neighborhood located in the city of Meerut, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Meerut is a large city located in the western part of Uttar Pradesh, about 70 kilometers northeast of Delhi. Hashimpura is known for a tragic incident that occurred in May 1987, when a group of police personnel from the Provincial Armed Constabulary (PAC) rounded up a group of young Muslim men from the neighborhood and later killed them in cold blood. The incident, which came to be known as the Hashimpura Massacre, led to widespread outrage and condemnation, and it remains a dark chapter in the history of Meerut and the state of Uttar Pradesh.

Judiciary play an important role because it is
  • a)
    Dependent on government
  • b)
    Dependent on lawyers
  • c)
    Dependent on minister
  • d)
    Independent
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Shounak Desai answered
The correct answer is option 'D' - the judiciary is independent. Here's an explanation of why this is the correct answer:

Introduction:
The judiciary is an essential part of a democratic system and plays a crucial role in upholding the rule of law. It acts as a guardian of the Constitution and ensures that justice is delivered impartially. The independence of the judiciary is a fundamental principle that ensures its effectiveness and credibility.

What does it mean for the judiciary to be independent?
The independence of the judiciary means that it is free from any interference or influence from the other branches of government, such as the executive or legislative branches. This independence allows judges to make decisions based on the law and facts presented before them, without any external pressure or bias.

Reasons why the judiciary needs to be independent:
1. Checks and balances: The judiciary acts as a check on the other branches of government. It ensures that their actions are in line with the Constitution and that they do not exceed their powers. An independent judiciary is crucial to maintain this balance of power.

2. Impartiality and fairness: Independence ensures that judges are not influenced by political or personal considerations while delivering judgments. They can interpret and apply the law objectively, without any bias towards any individual or group.

3. Protection of individual rights: An independent judiciary safeguards the rights and liberties of individuals. It acts as a safeguard against any potential abuse of power by the government, ensuring that the rights of citizens are protected.

4. Public trust and confidence: An independent judiciary enhances public trust and confidence in the legal system. When people believe that their cases will be heard fairly and impartially, they are more likely to have faith in the judiciary and the rule of law.

Conclusion:
The independence of the judiciary is a critical aspect of a democratic system. It ensures that justice is delivered fairly and impartially, protects individual rights, and maintains the balance of power in the government. An independent judiciary is a cornerstone of a functioning democracy and upholds the principles of justice and the rule of law.

It is with the registration of an ___ that the police can begin their investigations into a crime
  • a)
    PIL
  • b)
    PIK
  • c)
    FIR
  • d)
    FIP
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

It is with the registration of an FIR that the police can begin their investigations into a crime. The law states that it is compulsory for an officer in charge of a police station to register an FIR whenever a person gives information about a cognizable offense. This information can be given to the police either orally or in writing. The FIR usually mentions the date, time, and place of the offence, details the basic facts of the offence, including a description of the events. If known, the identity of the accused persons and witnesses is also mentioned. The FIR also states the name and address of the complainant. There is a prescribed form in which the police register an FIR and it is signed by the complainant. The complainant also has a legal right to get a free copy of the FIR from the police.

____ which means that everyone is subject to the law of the land
  • a)
    Rule of land
  • b)
    Rule of all
  • c)
    Rule of everyone
  • d)
    Rule of law
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

The phrase law of the land is a legal term, equivalent to the Latin lex terrae, or legem terrae in the accusative case. It refers to all of the laws in force within a country or region, including statute law and case-made law.

The police officials who carry out the arrest or interrogation should
  • a)
    Wear visible identification and name tags
  • b)
    Have qualifying certificate with them
  • c)
    Wear clean uniform
  • d)
    Wear identification without name tag but with designation
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

D. K. Basu guidelines includes:-
1. The police officials carrying out the arrest and handling the interrogation of the arrestee should bear accurate, visible and clear identification and name tags with their designations.
2. The police officer carrying out the arrest shall prepare a memo of arrest at the time of arrest and attested by at least one witness.
3. The time, place of arrest and venue of custody of an arrestee must be notified by the police to any friend or relative of the arrestee.
4. Copies of all the documents including the memo of arrest should be sent to the Magistrate for his record.

According to the Constitution, every individual charged of a crime has to be given a
  • a)
    Crime trial
  • b)
    Long trial
  • c)
    Abused trial
  • d)
    Fair trial
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Pranav Chauhan answered
Article 21 of the Constitution, that guarantees the Right to Life, states that a person’s life or liberty can be taken away only by following a reasonable and just legal procedure. A fair trial ensures that Article 21 of the Constitution is upheld. The Constitution and the law both state that all of the persons should carry out their roles in a proper manner. What this means is that they all need to work to ensure that every citizen, irrespective of their class, caste, gender, religious and ideological backgrounds gets a fair trial when accused. The rule of law which says that everyone is equal before the law would not make much sense if every citizen were not guaranteed a fair trial by the Constitution.

Police officers
  • a)
    filing reports and arresting persons
  • b)
    Send person to jail directly without court decision
  • c)
    Decide that accused person is guilty
  • d)
    Get a free trial
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

K.L Institute answered
Police officers
Police officers have various roles and responsibilities in maintaining law and order in society. Some of their duties include:


Filing reports and arresting persons:

  • Police officers are responsible for conducting investigations and filing reports based on their findings.

  • They have the authority to arrest individuals who are suspected of committing a crime.

  • They gather evidence, interview witnesses, and compile information to assist in the prosecution of cases.



Send person to jail directly without court decision:

  • Police officers cannot send a person to jail directly without a court decision.

  • They can only arrest and detain individuals for a limited period of time, usually until they can be brought before a judge for a formal hearing.

  • The decision to send someone to jail is made by the court, based on the evidence presented and the laws governing the case.



Decide that accused person is guilty:

  • Police officers do not have the authority to decide that an accused person is guilty.

  • Their role is to gather evidence and present it to the appropriate authorities, such as prosecutors or judges, who then determine guilt or innocence.

  • It is the responsibility of the judiciary to ensure a fair and impartial trial, where the accused has the opportunity to present their defense.



Get a free trial:

  • No one is entitled to a free trial, as trials typically involve legal fees and expenses.

  • However, individuals have the right to a fair trial, which includes the opportunity to present evidence, cross-examine witnesses, and have legal representation.

  • Police officers play a crucial role in the criminal justice system by gathering evidence and presenting it during the trial.


In summary, police officers play a vital role in enforcing the law and maintaining public safety. While they have the authority to arrest and file reports, they do not have the power to send someone to jail without a court decision or determine guilt. The responsibility of deciding guilt and conducting a fair trial lies with the judiciary.

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