All Exams >
Humanities/Arts >
Psychology Practice Tests: CUET Preparation >
All Questions
All questions of Self and Personality for Humanities/Arts Exam
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:A trait is considered as a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another. They are relatively stable over time and are generally consistent across situations. Their strengths and combinations vary across individuals leading to individual differences in personality.Allport mentioned two types of traits; common traits and personal traits. Common Traits – are the traits found in the majority of persons living in a society or culture. Thus, people of a society or culture can be compared on that trait.For example, If X shows a trait of cooperativeness in his behaviours in various situations, and if similar behaviours are obtained in a large number of persons from that community or culture, this trait will be considered as a common Trait.Common traits thus are those which are reflected in the behaviour of most of the persons in a society or a community or culture.Personal Traits–This refers to the unique characteristics of a person and not shared by other members of the society or community or culture. Such a personal trait is not comparable with those of others in that culture. These traits are inculcated by a person more in the process of socialisation and thus many of the do’s and don’ts of the parents or caregivers become part of the personality and these traits are unique to this individual.Another important aspect is that these traits are highly consistent and can be seen in almost all behaviours of this individual irrespective of the situation concerned. To give an example, the trait of parsimony is something which an individual will show in almost every aspect of his behaviour whether he is at home or office or school or anywhere. He will for example put off the lights to economise on electricity consumption whether at office or at home.Allport further divided personal traits into three subcategories: (A) Cardinal dispositions, (B) Central dispositions, and (C) Secondary dispositionsQ. How many types of traits have been propounded by Allport?- a)2
- b)3
- c)5
- d)9
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:
A trait is considered as a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another. They are relatively stable over time and are generally consistent across situations. Their strengths and combinations vary across individuals leading to individual differences in personality.
Allport mentioned two types of traits; common traits and personal traits. Common Traits – are the traits found in the majority of persons living in a society or culture. Thus, people of a society or culture can be compared on that trait.
For example, If X shows a trait of cooperativeness in his behaviours in various situations, and if similar behaviours are obtained in a large number of persons from that community or culture, this trait will be considered as a common Trait.
Common traits thus are those which are reflected in the behaviour of most of the persons in a society or a community or culture.
Personal Traits–This refers to the unique characteristics of a person and not shared by other members of the society or community or culture. Such a personal trait is not comparable with those of others in that culture. These traits are inculcated by a person more in the process of socialisation and thus many of the do’s and don’ts of the parents or caregivers become part of the personality and these traits are unique to this individual.
Another important aspect is that these traits are highly consistent and can be seen in almost all behaviours of this individual irrespective of the situation concerned. To give an example, the trait of parsimony is something which an individual will show in almost every aspect of his behaviour whether he is at home or office or school or anywhere. He will for example put off the lights to economise on electricity consumption whether at office or at home.
Allport further divided personal traits into three subcategories: (A) Cardinal dispositions, (B) Central dispositions, and (C) Secondary dispositions
Q. How many types of traits have been propounded by Allport?
a)
2
b)
3
c)
5
d)
9
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Allport has divided traits into broadly two categories – Common traits and Personal traits.
| 1 Crore+ students have signed up on EduRev. Have you? Download the App |
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:Assertion (A): Behavioural ratings are frequently used for personality assessment of individuals in an educational or industrial setting.Reason: Behavioural ratings are generally taken from the people who know the assessee intimately and have interacted over a period of time.- a)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- b)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- c)Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- d)Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Behavioural ratings are frequently used for personality assessment of individuals in an educational or industrial setting.
Reason: Behavioural ratings are generally taken from the people who know the assessee intimately and have interacted over a period of time.
a)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c)
Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d)
Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Behavioural ratings are frequently used for assessment of personality in educational and industrial settings. Behavioural ratings are generally taken from people who know the assessee over a period of time. They attempt to put individuals into certain categories in terms of their behavioural qualities.
Which of the following statements relating to the stages in Freud’s psychogenetic model of development matches up with Freud’s suggestions? - a)At an early oral stage children usually start to explore their environment but experience control and discipline from their parents.
- b)Fixation at the anal stage results in children deriving pleasure in adulthood from activities such as overeating, smoking, drinking and kissing.
- c)At the genital stage children discover pleasure from touching their genitals.
- d)During the latency period sexual impulses are rechannelled into activities such as sport, learning and social activities.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements relating to the stages in Freud’s psychogenetic model of development matches up with Freud’s suggestions?
a)
At an early oral stage children usually start to explore their environment but experience control and discipline from their parents.
b)
Fixation at the anal stage results in children deriving pleasure in adulthood from activities such as overeating, smoking, drinking and kissing.
c)
At the genital stage children discover pleasure from touching their genitals.
d)
During the latency period sexual impulses are rechannelled into activities such as sport, learning and social activities.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
At the beginning of the oral stage (birth to 18 months), children are highly dependent on their mothers and derive pleasure from sucking and swallowing. Freud suggested that children who become fixated at this early oral stage derive pleasure in adulthood from activities such as overeating, smoking, drinking and kissing.
During the anal stage (18 months to 3 years), pleasure is gained from the expulsion and retention of faeces; this is also a stage at which children start to explore their environment but experience control and discipline from their parents. It is at the phallic stage (3 to 5 years) that children discover pleasure from touching their genitals. According to Freud, personality is formed by the end of the phallic stage, and sexual impulses are rechannelled during the latency period (6 to 12 years) into activities such as sport, learning and social activities. As young people approach the age of reproductive ability (the genital stage – 13 years to adult), they begin to focus their libido, or sexual energy, towards the opposite sex.
During the anal stage (18 months to 3 years), pleasure is gained from the expulsion and retention of faeces; this is also a stage at which children start to explore their environment but experience control and discipline from their parents. It is at the phallic stage (3 to 5 years) that children discover pleasure from touching their genitals. According to Freud, personality is formed by the end of the phallic stage, and sexual impulses are rechannelled during the latency period (6 to 12 years) into activities such as sport, learning and social activities. As young people approach the age of reproductive ability (the genital stage – 13 years to adult), they begin to focus their libido, or sexual energy, towards the opposite sex.
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:A trait is considered as a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another. They are relatively stable over time and are generally consistent across situations. Their strengths and combinations vary across individuals leading to individual differences in personality.Allport mentioned two types of traits; common traits and personal traits. Common Traits – are the traits found in the majority of persons living in a society or culture. Thus, people of a society or culture can be compared on that trait.For example, If X shows a trait of cooperativeness in his behaviours in various situations, and if similar behaviours are obtained in a large number of persons from that community or culture, this trait will be considered as a common Trait.Common traits thus are those which are reflected in the behaviour of most of the persons in a society or a community or culture.Personal Traits–This refers to the unique characteristics of a person and not shared by other members of the society or community or culture. Such a personal trait is not comparable with those of others in that culture. These traits are inculcated by a person more in the process of socialisation and thus many of the do’s and don’ts of the parents or caregivers become part of the personality and these traits are unique to this individual.Another important aspect is that these traits are highly consistent and can be seen in almost all behaviours of this individual irrespective of the situation concerned. To give an example, the trait of parsimony is something which an individual will show in almost every aspect of his behaviour whether he is at home or office or school or anywhere. He will for example put off the lights to economise on electricity consumption whether at office or at home.Allport further divided personal traits into three subcategories: (A) Cardinal dispositions, (B) Central dispositions, and (C) Secondary dispositionsQ. What is a trait?- a)Trait is a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another.
- b)Trait refers to individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving.
- c)Both of them
- d)None of them
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:
A trait is considered as a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another. They are relatively stable over time and are generally consistent across situations. Their strengths and combinations vary across individuals leading to individual differences in personality.
Allport mentioned two types of traits; common traits and personal traits. Common Traits – are the traits found in the majority of persons living in a society or culture. Thus, people of a society or culture can be compared on that trait.
For example, If X shows a trait of cooperativeness in his behaviours in various situations, and if similar behaviours are obtained in a large number of persons from that community or culture, this trait will be considered as a common Trait.
Common traits thus are those which are reflected in the behaviour of most of the persons in a society or a community or culture.
Personal Traits–This refers to the unique characteristics of a person and not shared by other members of the society or community or culture. Such a personal trait is not comparable with those of others in that culture. These traits are inculcated by a person more in the process of socialisation and thus many of the do’s and don’ts of the parents or caregivers become part of the personality and these traits are unique to this individual.
Another important aspect is that these traits are highly consistent and can be seen in almost all behaviours of this individual irrespective of the situation concerned. To give an example, the trait of parsimony is something which an individual will show in almost every aspect of his behaviour whether he is at home or office or school or anywhere. He will for example put off the lights to economise on electricity consumption whether at office or at home.
Allport further divided personal traits into three subcategories: (A) Cardinal dispositions, (B) Central dispositions, and (C) Secondary dispositions
Q. What is a trait?
a)
Trait is a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another.
b)
Trait refers to individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving.
c)
Both of them
d)
None of them
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Trait is a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another.
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:Assertion (A): Strong sense of self-efficacy allows people to select, influence, and even construct the circumstances of their own life.Reason (R): Society, parents and their own positive experiences can help in the development of a strong sense of self-efficacy by presenting positive models during the formative years of children.- a)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- b)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- c)Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- d)Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Strong sense of self-efficacy allows people to select, influence, and even construct the circumstances of their own life.
Reason (R): Society, parents and their own positive experiences can help in the development of a strong sense of self-efficacy by presenting positive models during the formative years of children.
a)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c)
Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d)
Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
These are characteristics of self efficacy but are not cause and effect.
Assertion (A) : All creative children are children with exceptional intelligence.
Reason (R) : Creativity generally involves an incubation period.- a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
- b)Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
- c)A is false but R is true
- d)A is true but R is false
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion (A) : All creative children are children with exceptional intelligence.
Reason (R) : Creativity generally involves an incubation period.
Reason (R) : Creativity generally involves an incubation period.
a)
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b)
Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
c)
A is false but R is true
d)
A is true but R is false
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
All intelligent individuals are creative. This statement is not true as not all intelligent individuals are creative. Studies have shown that highly creative people are highly intelligent but highly intelligent people are not always creative. All creative individuals have divergent thinking abilities.
By the early years of the twentieth century, Sigmund Freud had begun to write about psychoanalysis, which he described as ‘a theory of the mind or personality, a method of investigation of unconscious process, and a method of treatment’ (1923/62). Identify the true statement from those given below, in relation to his psychoanalytic theories: - a)The concept of unconscious mental processes is the idea that unconscious motivations and needs have a role in determining our behaviour.
- b)The concept of unconscious mental processes emphasizes the rational aspects of human behaviour.
- c)A psychogenetic model of development shows how the mind is organized.
- d)A topographic model of the psyche shows how personality develops.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
By the early years of the twentieth century, Sigmund Freud had begun to write about psychoanalysis, which he described as ‘a theory of the mind or personality, a method of investigation of unconscious process, and a method of treatment’ (1923/62). Identify the true statement from those given below, in relation to his psychoanalytic theories:
a)
The concept of unconscious mental processes is the idea that unconscious motivations and needs have a role in determining our behaviour.
b)
The concept of unconscious mental processes emphasizes the rational aspects of human behaviour.
c)
A psychogenetic model of development shows how the mind is organized.
d)
A topographic model of the psyche shows how personality develops.
|
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
Central to a psychoanalytic approach is the concept of unconscious mental processes – the idea that unconscious motivations and needs have a role in determining our behaviour. This approach also emphasizes the irrational aspects of human behaviour and portrays aggressive and sexual needs as having a major impact on personality. Freud developed a number of hypothetical models to show how the mind (or what he called the psyche) works:
- a topographic model of the psyche – or how the mind is organized;
- a structural model of the psyche – or how personality works; and
- a psychogenetic model of development – or how personality develops.
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:Trait ApproachesThese theories are mainly concerned with the description or characterisation of basic components of personality. They try to discover the ‘building blocks’ of personality. Human beings display a wide range of variations in psychological attributes, yet it is possible to club them into smaller numbers of personality traits. Trait approach is very similar to our common experience in everyday life. For example, when we come to know that a person is sociable, we assume that s/he will not only be cooperative, friendly and helping, but also engage in behaviours that involve other social components. Thus, trait approach attempts to identify primary characteristics of people. A trait is considered as a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another. They include a range of possible behaviours that are activated according to the demands of the situation.To summarise,(A) Traits are relatively stable over time,(B) they are generally consistent across situations, and(C) their strengths and combinations vary across individuals leading to individual differences in personality.Q. Which type of characteristics of a person is identified by trait theories?- a)Primary
- b)Secondary
- c)Dynamic
- d)None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:
Trait Approaches
These theories are mainly concerned with the description or characterisation of basic components of personality. They try to discover the ‘building blocks’ of personality. Human beings display a wide range of variations in psychological attributes, yet it is possible to club them into smaller numbers of personality traits. Trait approach is very similar to our common experience in everyday life. For example, when we come to know that a person is sociable, we assume that s/he will not only be cooperative, friendly and helping, but also engage in behaviours that involve other social components. Thus, trait approach attempts to identify primary characteristics of people. A trait is considered as a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another. They include a range of possible behaviours that are activated according to the demands of the situation.
To summarise,
(A) Traits are relatively stable over time,
(B) they are generally consistent across situations, and
(C) their strengths and combinations vary across individuals leading to individual differences in personality.
Q. Which type of characteristics of a person is identified by trait theories?
a)
Primary
b)
Secondary
c)
Dynamic
d)
None of these
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
The trait approach attempts to identify primary characteristics of people.
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:Assertion (A): There is one guna present in every person.Reason(R): The dominance of one guna leads to a particular type of behaviour.- a)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- b)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- c)Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- d)Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): There is one guna present in every person.
Reason(R): The dominance of one guna leads to a particular type of behaviour.
a)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c)
Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d)
Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
All the three gunas are present in every person to different degrees. The dominance of a particular guna leads to a particular type of behaviour.
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:Trait ApproachesThese theories are mainly concerned with the description or characterisation of basic components of personality. They try to discover the ‘building blocks’ of personality. Human beings display a wide range of variations in psychological attributes, yet it is possible to club them into smaller numbers of personality traits. Trait approach is very similar to our common experience in everyday life. For example, when we come to know that a person is sociable, we assume that s/he will not only be cooperative, friendly and helping, but also engage in behaviours that involve other social components. Thus, trait approach attempts to identify primary characteristics of people. A trait is considered as a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another. They include a range of possible behaviours that are activated according to the demands of the situation.To summarise,(A) Traits are relatively stable over time,(B) they are generally consistent across situations, and(C) their strengths and combinations vary across individuals leading to individual differences in personality.Q. What do the traits approach theories aim at discovering while doing psychological analysis?- a)Building Blocks
- b)Mental Blocks
- c)Hereditary Blocks
- d)All of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:
Trait Approaches
These theories are mainly concerned with the description or characterisation of basic components of personality. They try to discover the ‘building blocks’ of personality. Human beings display a wide range of variations in psychological attributes, yet it is possible to club them into smaller numbers of personality traits. Trait approach is very similar to our common experience in everyday life. For example, when we come to know that a person is sociable, we assume that s/he will not only be cooperative, friendly and helping, but also engage in behaviours that involve other social components. Thus, trait approach attempts to identify primary characteristics of people. A trait is considered as a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another. They include a range of possible behaviours that are activated according to the demands of the situation.
To summarise,
(A) Traits are relatively stable over time,
(B) they are generally consistent across situations, and
(C) their strengths and combinations vary across individuals leading to individual differences in personality.
Q. What do the traits approach theories aim at discovering while doing psychological analysis?
a)
Building Blocks
b)
Mental Blocks
c)
Hereditary Blocks
d)
All of these
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Trait theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving. They have identified important dimensions of personality. The Five Factor Model is the most widely accepted trait theory today.
Which, if any, of the following statements about self-consciousness is INCORRECT? - a)Carver and Scheier’s control theory of human functioning states that there are stable individual differences in the extent to which we attend to aspects of the self.
- b)In control theory, if we perceive ourselves to have reached too high a standard of behaviour, the personality system will increase the discrepancy between the standard and the perceived level.
- c)Fenigstein, Scheier and Buss (1975) developed a self-consciousness scale to measure what they considered to be stable individual difference in private and public self-consciousness.
- d)None of the above – all are correct.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which, if any, of the following statements about self-consciousness is INCORRECT?
a)
Carver and Scheier’s control theory of human functioning states that there are stable individual differences in the extent to which we attend to aspects of the self.
b)
In control theory, if we perceive ourselves to have reached too high a standard of behaviour, the personality system will increase the discrepancy between the standard and the perceived level.
c)
Fenigstein, Scheier and Buss (1975) developed a self-consciousness scale to measure what they considered to be stable individual difference in private and public self-consciousness.
d)
None of the above – all are correct.
|
Naina Sharma answered |
Carver and Scheier’s (1981, 1990) control theory of human functioning states that there are stable individual differences in the extent to which we attend to aspects of the self. Control theory uses a metaphorical thermostat system to model the ways in which people set standards for their own behaviour and how they monitor their behaviour in order to meet these standards.
If we perceive ourselves to have reached too high a standard, the personality system will reduce the discrepancy between the standard and the perceived level. If we are not meeting the standard we have set for ourselves, motivation and effort will be set in motion to reduce the discrepancy.
People differ in the levels and kinds of controls included in their self-regulatory system.
The extent to which we attend to aspects of the self has been defined as a personality variable called self-consciousness. Fenigstein, Scheier and Buss (1975) developed a self-consciousness scale to measure what they considered to be stable individual difference in private and public self-consciousness. Private self-consciousness is attention to our own inner feelings, desires and standards, whereas public self-consciousness is attention to what others think and observe about us.
If we perceive ourselves to have reached too high a standard, the personality system will reduce the discrepancy between the standard and the perceived level. If we are not meeting the standard we have set for ourselves, motivation and effort will be set in motion to reduce the discrepancy.
People differ in the levels and kinds of controls included in their self-regulatory system.
The extent to which we attend to aspects of the self has been defined as a personality variable called self-consciousness. Fenigstein, Scheier and Buss (1975) developed a self-consciousness scale to measure what they considered to be stable individual difference in private and public self-consciousness. Private self-consciousness is attention to our own inner feelings, desires and standards, whereas public self-consciousness is attention to what others think and observe about us.
Which of the following is NOT one of the dimensions in Cattell’s 18 Personality Factors Questionnaire (18PF)? - a)Forthright – shrewd.
- b)Placid – Neurotic.
- c)Undisciplined – controlled.
- d)Tough-minded – tender-minded.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is NOT one of the dimensions in Cattell’s 18 Personality Factors Questionnaire (18PF)?
a)
Forthright – shrewd.
b)
Placid – Neurotic.
c)
Undisciplined – controlled.
d)
Tough-minded – tender-minded.
|
Ss Study Center answered |
Here are the 16 trait dimensions used in the 16PF:
- Reserved – Outgoing
- Less intelligent – More intelligent
- Stable, ego strength – Emotionality/neuroticism
- Humble – Assertive
- Sober – Happy-go-lucky
- Expedient – Conscientious
- Shy – Venturesome
- Tough-minded – Tender-minded
- Trusting – Suspicious
- Practical – Imaginative
- Forthright – Shrewd
- Placid – Apprehensive
- Conservative – Experimenting
- Group-dependent – Self-sufficient
- Undisciplined – Controlled
Which of the following are commonly accepted dimensions of attribution? (Please highlight all correct answers.) - Internal–external.
- Stable–unstable.
- Wide–narrow.
- None of the above.
- a)1 & 2
- b)4
- c)2 & 3
- d)1 & 3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following are commonly accepted dimensions of attribution? (Please highlight all correct answers.)
- Internal–external.
- Stable–unstable.
- Wide–narrow.
- None of the above.
a)
1 & 2
b)
4
c)
2 & 3
d)
1 & 3
|
|
Ss Study Center answered |
Differences in attributional style lead us to explain events in a characteristic way. Distinctions are made between particular dimensions of attribution:
- internal–external – the extent to which events are seen as caused by the self, rather than factors external to the self;
- stable–unstable – the extent to which causes are seen to persist across time; and
- global–specific – the extent to which the cause is something that affects many things in our life, rather than just specific situations.
The extent to which people believe that they can bring about an outcome is referred to as _________. - a)Extraversion
- b)Neuroticism
- c)Self-efficacy
- d)Self-regulation
- e)Self-actualization
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The extent to which people believe that they can bring about an outcome is referred to as _________.
a)
Extraversion
b)
Neuroticism
c)
Self-efficacy
d)
Self-regulation
e)
Self-actualization
|
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
Self-efficacy is the term that refers to the extent to which people believe that they can bring about an outcome. The alternative answers given do not refer to this type of belief.
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:Assertion (A): Each one of us has the capacity to choose and create.Reason (R): Every individual suffers from the feeling of adequacy and ego, i.e., superiority complex, which arise from childhood.- a)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- b)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- c)Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- d)Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Each one of us has the capacity to choose and create.
Reason (R): Every individual suffers from the feeling of adequacy and ego, i.e., superiority complex, which arise from childhood.
a)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c)
Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d)
Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Every individual suffers from the feeling of inadequacy and guilt, i.e., inferiority complex, which arises from childhood.
Our capacity to view ourselves in terms of stable dispositions allows us to combine separate self-evaluations into what kind of image of ourselves?- a)Behavioral
- b)Mental
- c)Emotional
- d)Psychological
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Our capacity to view ourselves in terms of stable dispositions allows us to combine separate self-evaluations into what kind of image of ourselves?
a)
Behavioral
b)
Mental
c)
Emotional
d)
Psychological
|
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
Our capacity to view ourselves in terms of stable dispositions permits us to combine separate self-evaluations into ourselves’ general psychological image —this known as an overall sense of self-esteem.
How many areas of self-esteem do children seem to have formed by the age of 6 to 7 years?- a)Six
- b)Four
- c)Five
- d)Three
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
How many areas of self-esteem do children seem to have formed by the age of 6 to 7 years?
a)
Six
b)
Four
c)
Five
d)
Three
|
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
Studies indicate that by the age of 6 to7 years, children seem to have formed self-esteem at least in four areas: academic competence, social competence, physical/athletic competence, and physicalappearance, which become more refinedwith age.
Identify the FALSE statement relating to affects, from those given below: - a)The way we feel can be determined by stable individual differences in personality.
- b)The way we feel can be determined by immediate responses to situations as they occur.
- c)Feeling angry, anxious or happy might impact on any of the other types of cognition, changing the way we respond.
- d)A dispositionally calm person will not become anxious even when the elevator they are travelling in becomes stuck between floors.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Identify the FALSE statement relating to affects, from those given below:
a)
The way we feel can be determined by stable individual differences in personality.
b)
The way we feel can be determined by immediate responses to situations as they occur.
c)
Feeling angry, anxious or happy might impact on any of the other types of cognition, changing the way we respond.
d)
A dispositionally calm person will not become anxious even when the elevator they are travelling in becomes stuck between floors.
|
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
The way we feel can be determined by stable individual differences in personality as well as by immediate responses to situations as they occur. Both types of emotional reaction can have an important impact on the way we behave. Mischel and Shoda (1995) describe this interplay in terms of ‘hot’ emotions having an impact on ‘cool’ cognitions.
Feeling angry, anxious or happy might impact on any of the other types of cognition, changing the way we respond. So while a person who is already feeling happy may react very positively to meeting a friend in the street, someone who is already feeling angry may lose their temper when their car is scraped in the car park. A dispositionally calm person may still become anxious when the elevator they are travelling in becomes stuck between floors.
Feeling angry, anxious or happy might impact on any of the other types of cognition, changing the way we respond. So while a person who is already feeling happy may react very positively to meeting a friend in the street, someone who is already feeling angry may lose their temper when their car is scraped in the car park. A dispositionally calm person may still become anxious when the elevator they are travelling in becomes stuck between floors.
What kind of needs lead to the development of a biological self?- a)Mental
- b)Biochemical
- c)Biological
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What kind of needs lead to the development of a biological self?
a)
Mental
b)
Biochemical
c)
Biological
d)
None
|
|
Naina Sharma answered |
Biological needs lead to the development of a biological self.
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:Assertion (A): Sentence Completion Test makes use of a number of incomplete sentences. Reason(R): It is held that the type of endings used by the subjects reflect their attitudes, motivation and conflicts.- a)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- b)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- c)Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- d)Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Sentence Completion Test makes use of a number of incomplete sentences. Reason(R): It is held that the type of endings used by the subjects reflect their attitudes, motivation and conflicts.
a)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c)
Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d)
Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Sentence completion tests are a class of semi-structured projective techniques. Sentence completion tests typically provide respondents with beginnings of sentences, referred to as "stems", and respondents then complete the sentences in ways that are meaningful to them. The responses are believed to provide indications of attitudes, beliefs, motivations, or other mental states. Therefore, sentence completion technique, with such advantage, promotes the respondents to disclose their concealed feelings.
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:Trait ApproachesThese theories are mainly concerned with the description or characterisation of basic components of personality. They try to discover the ‘building blocks’ of personality. Human beings display a wide range of variations in psychological attributes, yet it is possible to club them into smaller numbers of personality traits. Trait approach is very similar to our common experience in everyday life. For example, when we come to know that a person is sociable, we assume that s/he will not only be cooperative, friendly and helping, but also engage in behaviours that involve other social components. Thus, trait approach attempts to identify primary characteristics of people. A trait is considered as a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another. They include a range of possible behaviours that are activated according to the demands of the situation.To summarise,(A) Traits are relatively stable over time,(B) they are generally consistent across situations, and(C) their strengths and combinations vary across individuals leading to individual differences in personality.Q. Who amongst these psychologists have not given a theory on Trait Approach?- a)Gordon Allport
- b)H. J. Eysenck
- c)Carl Jung
- d)Raymond Cattell
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:
Trait Approaches
These theories are mainly concerned with the description or characterisation of basic components of personality. They try to discover the ‘building blocks’ of personality. Human beings display a wide range of variations in psychological attributes, yet it is possible to club them into smaller numbers of personality traits. Trait approach is very similar to our common experience in everyday life. For example, when we come to know that a person is sociable, we assume that s/he will not only be cooperative, friendly and helping, but also engage in behaviours that involve other social components. Thus, trait approach attempts to identify primary characteristics of people. A trait is considered as a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another. They include a range of possible behaviours that are activated according to the demands of the situation.
To summarise,
(A) Traits are relatively stable over time,
(B) they are generally consistent across situations, and
(C) their strengths and combinations vary across individuals leading to individual differences in personality.
Q. Who amongst these psychologists have not given a theory on Trait Approach?
a)
Gordon Allport
b)
H. J. Eysenck
c)
Carl Jung
d)
Raymond Cattell
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Carl Jung has classified personalities on the basis of Type Approach.
What characterises individuals as they appear in most circumstances?- a)Attitude
- b)Traits
- c)Personality
- d)Temperament
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What characterises individuals as they appear in most circumstances?
a)
Attitude
b)
Traits
c)
Personality
d)
Temperament
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Personalitycharacterises individuals as they appear in most circumstances.
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:Assertion (A): The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was developed by Harmann Rorschach. Reason (R): It is a little more structured than the Inkblot test.- a)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- b)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- c)Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- d)Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was developed by Harmann Rorschach. Reason (R): It is a little more structured than the Inkblot test.
a)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c)
Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d)
Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was developed by Morgan and Murray.
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Interview is a commonly used method for assessing personality.
Reason (R): Diagnostic interviewing generally involves basic interviewing which seeks to go beyond the replies given by the person.
- a)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- b)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- c)Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- d)Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Interview is a commonly used method for assessing personality.
Reason (R): Diagnostic interviewing generally involves basic interviewing which seeks to go beyond the replies given by the person.
a)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c)
Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d)
Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
The two most common methods for assessing a personality are the Myers-Brigs Type Indicator and the Big Five Personality Model. Of the two, the MBTI is the most widely used.
To make the most out of every job interview opportunity, and jump way ahead of the competition, consider delivering the three “P” statements: Purpose, Preparation and Polish
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:Assertion (A): There is one guna present in every person.Reason (R): The dominance of one guna leads to a particular type of behaviour.- a)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- b)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- c)Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- d)Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): There is one guna present in every person.
Reason (R): The dominance of one guna leads to a particular type of behaviour.
a)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c)
Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d)
Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
All the three gunas are present in every person to different degrees. The dominance of a particular guna leads to a particular type of behaviour.
Body typologies are more like what people hold?- a)Stereotypes
- b)Clichés
- c)Prejudices
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Body typologies are more like what people hold?
a)
Stereotypes
b)
Clichés
c)
Prejudices
d)
None
|
|
Naina Sharma answered |
They are more like stereotypes which people hold. Jung has proposed important typology by grouping people into introverts and extroverts.
Who developed a model of personality based on 16 trait dimensions? - a)Allport
- b)Rogers
- c)Freud
- d)Cattell
- e)Eysenck
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Who developed a model of personality based on 16 trait dimensions?
a)
Allport
b)
Rogers
c)
Freud
d)
Cattell
e)
Eysenck
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Raymond Cattell further developed Allport’s work to describe personality by traits and developed a model of 16 trait dimensions of personality. Rogers and Freud did not develop models of personality based on traits and Eysenck specified a model of personality that contained two super traits.
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:Assertion (A): Use of Observation for a personality assessment is a sophisticated procedure that cannot be carried out by trained people.Reason(R): Observation requires careful training of the observer and fairly detailed guidelines to carry out analysis to use observations to assess personality.- a)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- b)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- c)Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- d)Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Use of Observation for a personality assessment is a sophisticated procedure that cannot be carried out by trained people.
Reason(R): Observation requires careful training of the observer and fairly detailed guidelines to carry out analysis to use observations to assess personality.
a)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c)
Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d)
Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The Observation is a sophisticated procedure and must be carried out only by trained people.
What is the third dimension that H.J Eysenck proposed?- a)New formulation
- b)Narcissistic
- c)Freud
- d)Psychoticism Vs. Sociability
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the third dimension that H.J Eysenck proposed?
a)
New formulation
b)
Narcissistic
c)
Freud
d)
Psychoticism Vs. Sociability
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
H.J Eysenck proposed athird dimension, called psychoticism vs.sociability, which is considered to interact with the other two dimensions.
In what culture is the self generally not separated from one’s own group?- a)American
- b)Italian
- c)Indian
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
In what culture is the self generally not separated from one’s own group?
a)
American
b)
Italian
c)
Indian
d)
None
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
In the Indian culture, the self is generally not separated from one’s own group; rather, both remain in a state of harmonious co-existence. But at the next moment, it seems to be completely withdrawn from it and focused fully on the individual self.
Which is FALSE? Humanistic theories of personality: - a)Present a positive and optimistic view of human behaviour.
- b)Regard people as victims of their unconscious motivations and conflicts.
- c)Place an emphasis on individual experiences, relationships and ways of understanding the world.
- d)Are based on beliefs that everyone’s experience is unique, and that the individual’s perception of the world is critical to their understanding and behaviour.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which is FALSE? Humanistic theories of personality:
a)
Present a positive and optimistic view of human behaviour.
b)
Regard people as victims of their unconscious motivations and conflicts.
c)
Place an emphasis on individual experiences, relationships and ways of understanding the world.
d)
Are based on beliefs that everyone’s experience is unique, and that the individual’s perception of the world is critical to their understanding and behaviour.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Humanistic, or phenomenological, theories of personality present a positive and optimistic view of human behaviour. In complete contrast to theories from the psychodynamic tradition, people are viewed as experiencing beings rather than victims of their unconscious motivations and conflicts. So the emphasis here is on individual experiences, relationships and ways of understanding the world. Fundamental to these theories are the beliefs that everyone’s experience is unique, and the individual’s perception of the world is critical to their understanding and behaviour. Humanistic theories have formed the basis of many therapeutic procedures on which modern counselling techniques are based.
According to Higgins’ self-discrepancy theory, what are individuals motivated to do? - a)Attain the attributes of the ought self
- b)Attain the attributes of the ideal self
- c)Reduce discrepancies between the actual self and ideal self
- d)Reduce discrepancies between the actual self and ought self
- e)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?
According to Higgins’ self-discrepancy theory, what are individuals motivated to do?
a)
Attain the attributes of the ought self
b)
Attain the attributes of the ideal self
c)
Reduce discrepancies between the actual self and ideal self
d)
Reduce discrepancies between the actual self and ought self
e)
All of the above
|
|
Naina Sharma answered |
All of the answers given above refer to the individual motivations assumed in Higgins’ self-discrepancy theory.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect?Statement I: The id operates on the reality principle.
Statement II: Self-efficacy refers to a person’s belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations.
Statement III: The superego functions as the moral component of personality.
Statement IV: Freud’s psychosexual stages include Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital stages.- a)ii and iii
- b)i, ii and iii
- c)i only
- d)All of the statements are incorrect.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect?
Statement I: The id operates on the reality principle.
Statement II: Self-efficacy refers to a person’s belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations.
Statement III: The superego functions as the moral component of personality.
Statement IV: Freud’s psychosexual stages include Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital stages.
Statement II: Self-efficacy refers to a person’s belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations.
Statement III: The superego functions as the moral component of personality.
Statement IV: Freud’s psychosexual stages include Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital stages.
a)
ii and iii
b)
i, ii and iii
c)
i only
d)
All of the statements are incorrect.
|
EduRev Humanities answered |
- Statement I: Incorrect. The id operates on the pleasure principle, not the reality principle.
- Statement II: Correct. Self-efficacy indeed refers to a person's belief in their capability to succeed in specific tasks.
- Statement III: Correct. The superego is the moral component of the personality, guiding the id and ego based on societal standards.
- Statement IV: Correct. Freud proposed five psychosexual stages: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital.
Assertion (A): Self-efficacy influences the types of behaviors people engage in.
Reason (R): Individuals with low self-efficacy are more likely to take on challenging tasks.- a)Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true, but R is false.
- d)A is false, but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion (A): Self-efficacy influences the types of behaviors people engage in.
Reason (R): Individuals with low self-efficacy are more likely to take on challenging tasks.
Reason (R): Individuals with low self-efficacy are more likely to take on challenging tasks.
a)
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true, but R is false.
d)
A is false, but R is true.
|
|
Pj Commerce Academy answered |
Self-efficacy does influence behavior, but individuals with low self-efficacy are less likely to take on challenging tasks.
Which of the following statements are true or false about the concepts of self and personality? - Self-esteem is a person's judgment of their own value or worth.
- The ego operates based on the pleasure principle.
- a)Statement 1 is true.
- b)Both the statements are true.
- c)Statement 2 is true.
- d)Both the statements are false.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements are true or false about the concepts of self and personality?
- Self-esteem is a person's judgment of their own value or worth.
- The ego operates based on the pleasure principle.
a)
Statement 1 is true.
b)
Both the statements are true.
c)
Statement 2 is true.
d)
Both the statements are false.
|
|
Pj Commerce Academy answered |
Statement 1 is true as self-esteem is indeed a person’s judgment of their own value or worth.
Statement 2 is false as the ego operates based on the reality principle, not the pleasure principle.
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:Thematic Apperception Test The most widely known and used story telling technique is the TAT. It was developed by Morgan and Murray (1935) in the belief that the content of imagined stories would provide clues to the underlying dynamics of a subject’s interpersonal relationships and self-attitudes. As elaborated by Murray (1943, 1971) and Bellak (1993), TAT data are expected to reveal the hierarchy of a person’s needs and the nature of his or her dominant emotions and conflicts.The TAT is a widely used projective test for the assessment of children and adults. It is designed to reveal an individual’s perception of interpersonal relationships.
Thirty one picture cards serve as stimuli for stories and descriptions about relationships or social situations. Cards include specific subsets for boys, girls, men, and women. The test is useful as part of a comprehensive study of personality and in the interpretation of behaviour disorders, psychosomatic illnesses, neuroses, and psychoses. Q. How many cards are used in TAT?- a)30
- b)31
- c)32
- d)33
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:
Thematic Apperception Test The most widely known and used story telling technique is the TAT. It was developed by Morgan and Murray (1935) in the belief that the content of imagined stories would provide clues to the underlying dynamics of a subject’s interpersonal relationships and self-attitudes. As elaborated by Murray (1943, 1971) and Bellak (1993), TAT data are expected to reveal the hierarchy of a person’s needs and the nature of his or her dominant emotions and conflicts.
The TAT is a widely used projective test for the assessment of children and adults. It is designed to reveal an individual’s perception of interpersonal relationships.
Thirty one picture cards serve as stimuli for stories and descriptions about relationships or social situations.
Cards include specific subsets for boys, girls, men, and women.
The test is useful as part of a comprehensive study of personality and in the interpretation of behaviour disorders, psychosomatic illnesses, neuroses, and psychoses.
Q. How many cards are used in TAT?
a)
30
b)
31
c)
32
d)
33
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
There are 30 black and white picture cards and 1 blank card for psychological analysis.
Assertion (A): Freud proposed that personality is structured into three parts: id, ego, and superego.
Reason (R): The id is responsible for moral reasoning and decision-making.- a)Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true, but R is false.
- d)A is false, but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion (A): Freud proposed that personality is structured into three parts: id, ego, and superego.
Reason (R): The id is responsible for moral reasoning and decision-making.
Reason (R): The id is responsible for moral reasoning and decision-making.
a)
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true, but R is false.
d)
A is false, but R is true.
|
|
EduRev Humanities answered |
Freud did propose the structure of id, ego, and superego, but the id is not responsible for moral reasoning; that is the role of the superego.
Which approach in personality assessment relies on the unconscious mind to reveal underlying thoughts and feelings?- a)Psychometric Test
- b)Self-report Measures
- c)Behavioral Analysis
- d)Projective Techniques
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which approach in personality assessment relies on the unconscious mind to reveal underlying thoughts and feelings?
a)
Psychometric Test
b)
Self-report Measures
c)
Behavioral Analysis
d)
Projective Techniques
|
Learning Educators answered |
Projective techniques are designed to uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings by interpreting a person’s responses to ambiguous stimuli.
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:A trait is considered as a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another. They are relatively stable over time and are generally consistent across situations. Their strengths and combinations vary across individuals leading to individual differences in personality.Allport mentioned two types of traits; common traits and personal traits. Common Traits – are the traits found in the majority of persons living in a society or culture. Thus, people of a society or culture can be compared on that trait.For example, If X shows a trait of cooperativeness in his behaviours in various situations, and if similar behaviours are obtained in a large number of persons from that community or culture, this trait will be considered as a common Trait.Common traits thus are those which are reflected in the behaviour of most of the persons in a society or a community or culture.Personal Traits–This refers to the unique characteristics of a person and not shared by other members of the society or community or culture. Such a personal trait is not comparable with those of others in that culture. These traits are inculcated by a person more in the process of socialisation and thus many of the do’s and don’ts of the parents or caregivers become part of the personality and these traits are unique to this individual.Another important aspect is that these traits are highly consistent and can be seen in almost all behaviours of this individual irrespective of the situation concerned. To give an example, the trait of parsimony is something which an individual will show in almost every aspect of his behaviour whether he is at home or office or school or anywhere. He will for example put off the lights to economise on electricity consumption whether at office or at home.Allport further divided personal traits into three subcategories: (A) Cardinal dispositions, (B) Central dispositions, and (C) Secondary dispositionsQ. Common traits are found in ____________ of persons living in a society or culture.- a)Central dispositions
- b)Cardinal dispositions
- c)Secondary dispositions
- d)All of these
- e)all
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:
A trait is considered as a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another. They are relatively stable over time and are generally consistent across situations. Their strengths and combinations vary across individuals leading to individual differences in personality.
Allport mentioned two types of traits; common traits and personal traits. Common Traits – are the traits found in the majority of persons living in a society or culture. Thus, people of a society or culture can be compared on that trait.
For example, If X shows a trait of cooperativeness in his behaviours in various situations, and if similar behaviours are obtained in a large number of persons from that community or culture, this trait will be considered as a common Trait.
Common traits thus are those which are reflected in the behaviour of most of the persons in a society or a community or culture.
Personal Traits–This refers to the unique characteristics of a person and not shared by other members of the society or community or culture. Such a personal trait is not comparable with those of others in that culture. These traits are inculcated by a person more in the process of socialisation and thus many of the do’s and don’ts of the parents or caregivers become part of the personality and these traits are unique to this individual.
Another important aspect is that these traits are highly consistent and can be seen in almost all behaviours of this individual irrespective of the situation concerned. To give an example, the trait of parsimony is something which an individual will show in almost every aspect of his behaviour whether he is at home or office or school or anywhere. He will for example put off the lights to economise on electricity consumption whether at office or at home.
Allport further divided personal traits into three subcategories: (A) Cardinal dispositions, (B) Central dispositions, and (C) Secondary dispositions
Q. Common traits are found in ____________ of persons living in a society or culture.
a)
Central dispositions
b)
Cardinal dispositions
c)
Secondary dispositions
d)
All of these
e)
all
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Common traits are not found in all but in most of the people living in a society, environment and culture.
Which view holds clear dichotomies between self and other,man and nature, subjective and objective?- a)Southern
- b)Western
- c)Northern
- d)None
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which view holds clear dichotomies between self and other,man and nature, subjective and objective?
a)
Southern
b)
Western
c)
Northern
d)
None
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The western view seems to hold clear dichotomies between self and other, man and nature, subjective and objective. The Indian view does not make such clear dichotomies.
Match the following:A) Trait Approach 1) Focuses on unconscious motives B) Psychodynamic Approach 2) Focuses on observable behaviorsC) Humanistic Approach 3) Emphasizes personal growth D) Behavioral Approach 4) Identifies stable characteristics- a)A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2
- b)A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
- c)A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
- d)A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Match the following:
A) Trait Approach 1) Focuses on unconscious motives
B) Psychodynamic Approach 2) Focuses on observable behaviors
C) Humanistic Approach 3) Emphasizes personal growth
D) Behavioral Approach 4) Identifies stable characteristics
a)
A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2
b)
A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
c)
A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
d)
A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
|
|
Pj Commerce Academy answered |
The Trait Approach identifies stable characteristics, the Psychodynamic Approach focuses on unconscious motives, the Humanistic Approach emphasizes personal growth, and the Behavioral Approach focuses on observable behaviors.
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:Thematic Apperception Test The most widely known and used story telling technique is the TAT. It was developed by Morgan and Murray (1935) in the belief that the content of imagined stories would provide clues to the underlying dynamics of a subject’s interpersonal relationships and self-attitudes. As elaborated by Murray (1943, 1971) and Bellak (1993), TAT data are expected to reveal the hierarchy of a person’s needs and the nature of his or her dominant emotions and conflicts.The TAT is a widely used projective test for the assessment of children and adults. It is designed to reveal an individual’s perception of interpersonal relationships.
Thirty one picture cards serve as stimuli for stories and descriptions about relationships or social situations. Cards include specific subsets for boys, girls, men, and women. The test is useful as part of a comprehensive study of personality and in the interpretation of behaviour disorders, psychosomatic illnesses, neuroses, and psychoses. Q. TAT is used to study- a)neuroses
- b)psychoses
- c)behaviour disorders
- d)All of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:
Thematic Apperception Test The most widely known and used story telling technique is the TAT. It was developed by Morgan and Murray (1935) in the belief that the content of imagined stories would provide clues to the underlying dynamics of a subject’s interpersonal relationships and self-attitudes. As elaborated by Murray (1943, 1971) and Bellak (1993), TAT data are expected to reveal the hierarchy of a person’s needs and the nature of his or her dominant emotions and conflicts.
The TAT is a widely used projective test for the assessment of children and adults. It is designed to reveal an individual’s perception of interpersonal relationships.
Thirty one picture cards serve as stimuli for stories and descriptions about relationships or social situations.
Cards include specific subsets for boys, girls, men, and women.
The test is useful as part of a comprehensive study of personality and in the interpretation of behaviour disorders, psychosomatic illnesses, neuroses, and psychoses.
Q. TAT is used to study
a)
neuroses
b)
psychoses
c)
behaviour disorders
d)
All of these
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
The most widely known and used story telling technique is the TAT. It was developed by Morgan and Murray (1935) in the belief that the content of imagined stories would provide clues to the underlying dynamics of a subject's interpersonal relationships and self-attitudes.
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:- a)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- b)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- c)Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- d)Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
a)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
c)
Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d)
Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Diagnostic interviewing generally involves in-depth interviewing which seeks to go beyond the replies given by the person.
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:Thematic Apperception Test The most widely known and used story telling technique is the TAT. It was developed by Morgan and Murray (1935) in the belief that the content of imagined stories would provide clues to the underlying dynamics of a subject’s interpersonal relationships and self-attitudes. As elaborated by Murray (1943, 1971) and Bellak (1993), TAT data are expected to reveal the hierarchy of a person’s needs and the nature of his or her dominant emotions and conflicts.The TAT is a widely used projective test for the assessment of children and adults. It is designed to reveal an individual’s perception of interpersonal relationships.
Thirty one picture cards serve as stimuli for stories and descriptions about relationships or social situations. Cards include specific subsets for boys, girls, men, and women. The test is useful as part of a comprehensive study of personality and in the interpretation of behaviour disorders, psychosomatic illnesses, neuroses, and psychoses. Q. Which of these is not considered as a part of the TAT card subset?- a)Boys
- b)Rabbit
- c)Girls
- d)Women
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:
Thematic Apperception Test The most widely known and used story telling technique is the TAT. It was developed by Morgan and Murray (1935) in the belief that the content of imagined stories would provide clues to the underlying dynamics of a subject’s interpersonal relationships and self-attitudes. As elaborated by Murray (1943, 1971) and Bellak (1993), TAT data are expected to reveal the hierarchy of a person’s needs and the nature of his or her dominant emotions and conflicts.
The TAT is a widely used projective test for the assessment of children and adults. It is designed to reveal an individual’s perception of interpersonal relationships.
Thirty one picture cards serve as stimuli for stories and descriptions about relationships or social situations.
Cards include specific subsets for boys, girls, men, and women.
The test is useful as part of a comprehensive study of personality and in the interpretation of behaviour disorders, psychosomatic illnesses, neuroses, and psychoses.
Q. Which of these is not considered as a part of the TAT card subset?
a)
Boys
b)
Rabbit
c)
Girls
d)
Women
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
TAT is meant for psychological analysis of human beings and not animals.
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:Trait ApproachesThese theories are mainly concerned with the description or characterisation of basic components of personality. They try to discover the ‘building blocks’ of personality. Human beings display a wide range of variations in psychological attributes, yet it is possible to club them into smaller numbers of personality traits. Trait approach is very similar to our common experience in everyday life. For example, when we come to know that a person is sociable, we assume that s/he will not only be cooperative, friendly and helping, but also engage in behaviours that involve other social components. Thus, trait approach attempts to identify primary characteristics of people. A trait is considered as a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another. They include a range of possible behaviours that are activated according to the demands of the situation.To summarise,(A) Traits are relatively stable over time,(B) they are generally consistent across situations, and(C) their strengths and combinations vary across individuals leading to individual differences in personality.Q. Which of these is characteristic of traits?- a)Consistent across situations
- b)Stable over time
- c)Vary from person to person
- d)All of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:
Trait Approaches
These theories are mainly concerned with the description or characterisation of basic components of personality. They try to discover the ‘building blocks’ of personality. Human beings display a wide range of variations in psychological attributes, yet it is possible to club them into smaller numbers of personality traits. Trait approach is very similar to our common experience in everyday life. For example, when we come to know that a person is sociable, we assume that s/he will not only be cooperative, friendly and helping, but also engage in behaviours that involve other social components. Thus, trait approach attempts to identify primary characteristics of people. A trait is considered as a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another. They include a range of possible behaviours that are activated according to the demands of the situation.
To summarise,
(A) Traits are relatively stable over time,
(B) they are generally consistent across situations, and
(C) their strengths and combinations vary across individuals leading to individual differences in personality.
Q. Which of these is characteristic of traits?
a)
Consistent across situations
b)
Stable over time
c)
Vary from person to person
d)
All of these
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Personality traits reflect people’s characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Personality traits imply consistency and stability—someone who scores high on a specific trait like Extraversion is expected to be sociable in different situations and over time. Thus, trait psychology rests on the idea that people differ from one another in terms of where they stand on a set of basic trait dimensions that persist over time and across situations. The most widely used system of traits is called the Five-Factor Model. This system includes five broad traits that can be remembered with the acronym OCEAN: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Each of the major traits from the Big Five can be divided into facets to give a more fine-grained analysis of someone's personality.
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:Thematic Apperception Test The most widely known and used story telling technique is the TAT. It was developed by Morgan and Murray (1935) in the belief that the content of imagined stories would provide clues to the underlying dynamics of a subject’s interpersonal relationships and self-attitudes. As elaborated by Murray (1943, 1971) and Bellak (1993), TAT data are expected to reveal the hierarchy of a person’s needs and the nature of his or her dominant emotions and conflicts.The TAT is a widely used projective test for the assessment of children and adults. It is designed to reveal an individual’s perception of interpersonal relationships.
Thirty one picture cards serve as stimuli for stories and descriptions about relationships or social situations. Cards include specific subsets for boys, girls, men, and women. The test is useful as part of a comprehensive study of personality and in the interpretation of behaviour disorders, psychosomatic illnesses, neuroses, and psychoses. Q. In which year was TAT developed?- a)1935
- b)1943
- c)1971
- d)1993
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:
Thematic Apperception Test The most widely known and used story telling technique is the TAT. It was developed by Morgan and Murray (1935) in the belief that the content of imagined stories would provide clues to the underlying dynamics of a subject’s interpersonal relationships and self-attitudes. As elaborated by Murray (1943, 1971) and Bellak (1993), TAT data are expected to reveal the hierarchy of a person’s needs and the nature of his or her dominant emotions and conflicts.
The TAT is a widely used projective test for the assessment of children and adults. It is designed to reveal an individual’s perception of interpersonal relationships.
Thirty one picture cards serve as stimuli for stories and descriptions about relationships or social situations.
Cards include specific subsets for boys, girls, men, and women.
The test is useful as part of a comprehensive study of personality and in the interpretation of behaviour disorders, psychosomatic illnesses, neuroses, and psychoses.
Q. In which year was TAT developed?
a)
1935
b)
1943
c)
1971
d)
1993
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
The initial TAT was developed by Morgan and Murray in 1935. The rest are the years in which elaborate details were given by these psychologists about TAT.
Each behavioural pattern refers to how many types?- a)Three
- b)One
- c)Other One
- d)Two
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Each behavioural pattern refers to how many types?
a)
Three
b)
One
c)
Other One
d)
Two
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Each behavioural pattern refers to one type in which individuals are placed in terms of the similarity of their behavioural characteristics with that pattern. In contrast, the trait approach focuses on the specific psychological attributes along which individuals tend to differ inconsistent and stable ways.
Many Asian cultures are characterised as what?- a)Individualistic
- b)Collectivistic
- c)Particularistic
- d)High-Context
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Many Asian cultures are characterised as what?
a)
Individualistic
b)
Collectivistic
c)
Particularistic
d)
High-Context
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Many Asian cultures are characterised as collectivistic. The term personality often appears in our day-to-day discussion.
The nomothetic approach to personality emphasizes that people are __________ whereas the idiographic approach to personality emphasizes that people are __________. - a)Introverts; extroverts
- b)Extroverts; introverts
- c)Similar; unique
- d)Unique; similar
- e)Dependent; independent
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The nomothetic approach to personality emphasizes that people are __________ whereas the idiographic approach to personality emphasizes that people are __________.
a)
Introverts; extroverts
b)
Extroverts; introverts
c)
Similar; unique
d)
Unique; similar
e)
Dependent; independent
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The nomothetic approach to study personality emphasizes that all people are similar and therefore can be compared to each other because all people are governed by the same basic behavioural principles. The idiographic approach to study personality emphasizes that all people are unique and therefore cannot be compared with one another.
Arrange Freud's stages of psychosexual development in the correct order: - Anal Stage
- Genital Stage
- Oral Stage
- Phallic Stage
- Latency Stage
- a)3, 1, 4, 5, 2
- b)1, 3, 5, 4, 2
- c)3, 4, 1, 5, 2
- d)2, 3, 4, 1, 5
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Arrange Freud's stages of psychosexual development in the correct order:
- Anal Stage
- Genital Stage
- Oral Stage
- Phallic Stage
- Latency Stage
a)
3, 1, 4, 5, 2
b)
1, 3, 5, 4, 2
c)
3, 4, 1, 5, 2
d)
2, 3, 4, 1, 5
|
Crafty Classes answered |
Freud's stages occur in this order: Oral Stage, Anal Stage, Phallic Stage, Latency Stage, and Genital Stage.
Chapter doubts & questions for Self and Personality - Psychology Practice Tests: CUET Preparation 2024 is part of Humanities/Arts exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the Humanities/Arts exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for Humanities/Arts 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.
Chapter doubts & questions of Self and Personality - Psychology Practice Tests: CUET Preparation in English & Hindi are available as part of Humanities/Arts exam.
Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for Humanities/Arts Exam by signing up for free.
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days!
Study with 1000+ FREE Docs, Videos & Tests
10M+ students study on EduRev
|
© EduRev
|
Education Revolution
|
Follow Us
|
Signup to see your scores
go up within 7 days!
Access 1000+ FREE Docs, Videos and Tests
Takes less than 10 seconds to signup