The extent to which people believe that they can bring about an outcom...
Self-efficacy is the term that refers to the extent to which people believe that they can bring about an outcome. The alternative answers given do not refer to this type of belief.
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The extent to which people believe that they can bring about an outcom...
Self-efficacy refers to the extent to which individuals believe in their own abilities to bring about a desired outcome or achieve a specific goal. It is a concept that was introduced by psychologist Albert Bandura in the social cognitive theory. Bandura believed that individuals' beliefs about their own abilities play a crucial role in determining their behavior, motivation, and success.
Self-efficacy is different from self-esteem or self-confidence, as it specifically focuses on an individual's belief in their own competence to perform a particular task or achieve a specific outcome. It is not a global belief about oneself, but rather a belief about one's capabilities in a specific domain or situation.
Self-efficacy is influenced by several factors, including past experiences, observing others, social persuasion, and physiological states. When individuals have successful experiences in a particular area, it enhances their self-efficacy beliefs, making them more likely to believe in their ability to succeed in similar situations in the future. Similarly, observing others who are successful in a certain task or receiving positive feedback and encouragement from others can also boost one's self-efficacy.
On the other hand, failure experiences, negative feedback, or lack of opportunities to observe successful performances can undermine self-efficacy beliefs. If individuals believe that they lack the necessary skills, knowledge, or resources to achieve a particular outcome, their self-efficacy will be low, and they may be less motivated to put forth effort or persevere in the face of challenges.
Self-efficacy beliefs can have significant implications for individuals' behavior and performance. Those with high self-efficacy are more likely to set challenging goals, exert effort, persist in the face of obstacles, and bounce back from failures. They are also more likely to view setbacks as opportunities for learning and growth, rather than as indications of their incompetence.
In summary, self-efficacy refers to individuals' beliefs in their own abilities to bring about a desired outcome. It is a key determinant of motivation, behavior, and success, and can be influenced by past experiences, observations, social persuasion, and physiological states.