All questions of Foreign Policy for UPSC CSE Exam

bExplanation:
bGujral Doctrine:
- The Gujral Doctrine is a set of five principles that were proposed by former Indian Prime Minister I.K. Gujral in 1996.
- One of the key principles of the Gujral Doctrine is the emphasis on settling disputes through bilateral negotiations.
- This principle promotes the idea of resolving conflicts and disputes between countries through peaceful discussions and negotiations rather than resorting to aggressive or confrontational measures.
- By prioritizing bilateral negotiations, the Gujral Doctrine aims to foster stronger diplomatic ties between nations and promote peaceful conflict resolution.
- This principle is rooted in the belief that direct communication and dialogue between countries can lead to mutually beneficial solutions and help prevent escalations of tensions or conflicts.
In conclusion, the Gujral Doctrine's emphasis on settling disputes through bilateral negotiations reflects a commitment to peaceful diplomacy and conflict resolution in foreign policy.

History plays a crucial role in determining a country's foreign policy. The historical events, conflicts, and alliances shape a nation's approach to international relations. For example, the Cold War and colonial history have had a significant impact on the foreign policies of various countries. Understanding a nation's history is essential in analyzing its foreign policy decisions.

The Panchsheel principles emphasize peaceful co-existence and mutual respect among nations. However, forming a military alliance with superpowers is not one of these principles. Instead, Panchsheel promotes non-alignment and non-aggression.

The Gujral Doctrine's primary objective is to enhance relations and cooperation with India's immediate neighbors, particularly through asymmetric support and the resolution of disputes through bilateral negotiations.

Soft Power refers to the ability of a country to influence others through its culture, values, and attractiveness, rather than through coercion or force. It involves winning the hearts and minds of people and enhancing a nation's image on the global stage.

A country's cultural heritage, including its art, music, traditions, and values, is a significant factor in determining its ability to exert influence through soft power. Soft power relies on cultural attractiveness and the appeal of a nation's way of life.

Core Interests typically refer to a country's fundamental and enduring interests, such as sovereignty, territorial integrity, and economic development, which are of long-term significance. Temporary Interests, on the other hand, may include issues like voting on international matters and are often of short-term importance.

Anti-Colonialism is a principle of foreign policy that underscores the importance of maintaining just and honorable relations between nations, particularly in the context of opposing colonialism and advocating for the freedom of colonized nations.

The Parliamentary Privileges Act 1987 in Australia was enacted to codify and clarify parliamentary privileges, providing a legal framework for the exercise of these privileges by members of Parliament.