All questions of Unemployment for UPSC CSE Exam

The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) is focused on encouraging self-employment among individuals by providing collateral-free loans to small and micro business enterprises.

The National Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM) aims to decrease poverty and promote self-employment in urban areas by providing support and resources to individuals and grassroots-level institutions.

Under the Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana, the government pays the entire employer's contribution towards the Employees' Provident Fund (EPF) for eligible new employees for a specified period.

Primary Objective of Skill India Mission:
The primary objective of the Skill India Mission is to enhance employability through skill development. This initiative aims to empower the youth of the country by providing them with the necessary skills and training to secure employment opportunities in various sectors.

Key Points:
- Skill development: The Skill India Mission focuses on imparting industry-relevant skills to individuals across different age groups and educational backgrounds. This helps in bridging the gap between the demand for skilled workforce and the available talent pool.
- Job creation: By enhancing the employability of the youth through skill development programs, the Skill India Mission contributes to job creation in the country. This, in turn, boosts economic growth and reduces unemployment rates.
- Sector-specific training: The initiative offers training programs tailored to the specific needs of different sectors such as manufacturing, healthcare, tourism, and IT. This ensures that individuals are equipped with the skills required to excel in their chosen field.
- Entrepreneurship development: In addition to enhancing employability, the Skill India Mission also focuses on promoting entrepreneurship among the youth. By providing training in areas such as business management and financial literacy, the initiative empowers individuals to start their own ventures.
- Lifelong learning: The Skill India Mission emphasizes the importance of lifelong learning and continuous skill upgradation. This helps individuals adapt to changing market trends and technological advancements, ensuring their relevance in the workforce.
Overall, the Skill India Mission plays a crucial role in transforming the Indian workforce by equipping individuals with the skills needed to succeed in the competitive job market and contribute to the country's economic growth.

Factors Restricting Work Opportunities for Specific Castes in India

Social Factors like the Caste System
- The caste system in India is a social hierarchy that categorizes individuals based on their birth, leading to discrimination and exclusion of certain castes.
- Discrimination based on caste restricts opportunities for education, employment, and social mobility, especially for lower castes.
- Specific castes face barriers in accessing work opportunities due to historical prejudices and social stigma associated with their caste.

Impact on Work Opportunities
- In regions where the caste system is deeply entrenched, individuals belonging to lower castes may face limited job opportunities.
- Employers may discriminate against certain castes, leading to exclusion from certain industries or occupations.
- The lack of access to education and skills development further limits the employment prospects for marginalized castes.

Consequences of Caste-based Discrimination
- Caste-based discrimination perpetuates inequality and hinders economic progress for certain communities.
- Limited work opportunities for specific castes contribute to economic disparities and social unrest in society.
- The caste system continues to shape social interactions and access to resources, impacting the socio-economic well-being of marginalized groups.
In conclusion, social factors like the caste system play a significant role in restricting work opportunities for specific castes in certain regions of India. Addressing caste-based discrimination and promoting inclusivity in the workforce are essential steps towards creating a more equitable and diverse society.

Vulnerable employment involves informal work arrangements without proper job contracts, leading to a lack of legal protection for workers.

Structural unemployment results from a mismatch between job opportunities available in the market and the skills possessed by the available workforce.

The National Career Service (NCS) provides career counseling and job matching services to job seekers and employers through an online portal.

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) aims to provide at least 100 days of guaranteed employment to rural households.

The Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY) provided financial support to businesses and employees during the COVID-19 pandemic by contributing to the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) for eligible organizations.