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All questions of Environment for UPSC CSE Exam
Which one of the following is the most stable ecosystem? - a) Desert
- b) Mountain
- c) Ocean
- d) Forest
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following is the most stable ecosystem?
a)
Desert
b)
Mountain
c)
Ocean
d)
Forest
|
|
Anurag Singh answered |
Forest is wrong because forest were cut down but Ocean water is used but not end or destroy
Consider the following statements
1. In ecology, an ecosystem is a naturally occurring assemblage of the organism (plant, animal and another living organism - also referred to as abiotic community or biocoenosis) living together with their environment (or biotope), function as a unit of sorts.
2. The term “ecosystem” first coined by Arthur Tansley.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- a)Only 1
- b)Both 1 and 2
- c)Only 2
- d)Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements
1. In ecology, an ecosystem is a naturally occurring assemblage of the organism (plant, animal and another living organism - also referred to as abiotic community or biocoenosis) living together with their environment (or biotope), function as a unit of sorts.
2. The term “ecosystem” first coined by Arthur Tansley.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a)
Only 1
b)
Both 1 and 2
c)
Only 2
d)
Neither 1 nor 2
|
Aarushi answered |
Correct option is'C'both of them are correct
Solar radiation plays the most important role in the - a) Carbon cycle
- b) Oxygen cycle
- c) Water cycle
- d) Nitrogen cycle
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Solar radiation plays the most important role in the
a)
Carbon cycle
b)
Oxygen cycle
c)
Water cycle
d)
Nitrogen cycle
|
Mohit Joshi answered |
Role of Solar Radiation in Water Cycle
Introduction:
The water cycle is a continuous process that involves the movement of water from the earth's surface to the atmosphere and back. It is powered by solar radiation and plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of water on Earth.
Evaporation:
The first stage of the water cycle is evaporation. Solar radiation heats the surface of the earth, and water from oceans, lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water turns into water vapor and rises into the atmosphere.
Condensation:
As the water vapor rises, it cools down and condenses into clouds. The clouds are then carried by winds to different parts of the globe.
Precipitation:
The third stage of the water cycle is precipitation. Clouds release their moisture in the form of rain, snow, or hail, which falls to the earth's surface.
Infiltration and Runoff:
The final stage of the water cycle is infiltration and runoff. Some of the precipitation is absorbed by the ground and becomes groundwater, while the rest runs off into rivers and streams, eventually making its way back to the oceans.
Conclusion:
Solar radiation is essential for the water cycle to occur. Without it, the earth's surface would not be heated, and water would not evaporate into the atmosphere, leading to a severe water shortage. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the role of solar radiation in the water cycle and how it affects the global climate.
Introduction:
The water cycle is a continuous process that involves the movement of water from the earth's surface to the atmosphere and back. It is powered by solar radiation and plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of water on Earth.
Evaporation:
The first stage of the water cycle is evaporation. Solar radiation heats the surface of the earth, and water from oceans, lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water turns into water vapor and rises into the atmosphere.
Condensation:
As the water vapor rises, it cools down and condenses into clouds. The clouds are then carried by winds to different parts of the globe.
Precipitation:
The third stage of the water cycle is precipitation. Clouds release their moisture in the form of rain, snow, or hail, which falls to the earth's surface.
Infiltration and Runoff:
The final stage of the water cycle is infiltration and runoff. Some of the precipitation is absorbed by the ground and becomes groundwater, while the rest runs off into rivers and streams, eventually making its way back to the oceans.
Conclusion:
Solar radiation is essential for the water cycle to occur. Without it, the earth's surface would not be heated, and water would not evaporate into the atmosphere, leading to a severe water shortage. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the role of solar radiation in the water cycle and how it affects the global climate.
What is the primary source of food for marine life? - a) Phytoplankton
- b) Zooplankton
- c) Seaweed
- d) Grass
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the primary source of food for marine life?
a)
Phytoplankton
b)
Zooplankton
c)
Seaweed
d)
Grass
|
Suresh Reddy answered |
Phytoplanktons are one of the main producers in marine ecosystem and thus these are the primary source of food for marine life.
Which one of the following energy is most utilized in biomass? - a) Atomic energy
- b) Solar energy
- c) Geothermal energy
- d) Tidal energy
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following energy is most utilized in biomass?
a)
Atomic energy
b)
Solar energy
c)
Geothermal energy
d)
Tidal energy
|
Tejas Datta answered |
Solar energy
Solar energy is the most utilized form of energy in biomass because it is the primary source of energy for photosynthesis. Plants, which are a major component of biomass, convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. This process allows plants to grow and store energy in the form of carbohydrates. When biomass is used as a source of energy, this stored solar energy is released through processes such as combustion or anaerobic digestion.
Why is solar energy important in biomass?
- Plants capture sunlight through their leaves and convert it into energy.
- This energy is stored in the form of biomass, which can be used as fuel.
- Biomass can be burned to release the stored solar energy in the form of heat or converted into biofuels for transportation.
Benefits of utilizing solar energy in biomass
- Renewable: Solar energy is abundant and constantly replenished by the sun.
- Sustainable: Using solar energy in biomass helps reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
- Carbon neutral: Biomass energy releases carbon dioxide when burned, but this is offset by the carbon dioxide absorbed by plants during photosynthesis.
- Versatile: Solar energy can be harnessed in various ways to produce different forms of biomass energy.
In conclusion, solar energy plays a crucial role in biomass energy production as it is the primary source of energy for plant growth and the subsequent conversion of biomass into usable energy. Its renewable and sustainable nature makes it an ideal choice for meeting energy needs while minimizing environmental impact.
Solar energy is the most utilized form of energy in biomass because it is the primary source of energy for photosynthesis. Plants, which are a major component of biomass, convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. This process allows plants to grow and store energy in the form of carbohydrates. When biomass is used as a source of energy, this stored solar energy is released through processes such as combustion or anaerobic digestion.
Why is solar energy important in biomass?
- Plants capture sunlight through their leaves and convert it into energy.
- This energy is stored in the form of biomass, which can be used as fuel.
- Biomass can be burned to release the stored solar energy in the form of heat or converted into biofuels for transportation.
Benefits of utilizing solar energy in biomass
- Renewable: Solar energy is abundant and constantly replenished by the sun.
- Sustainable: Using solar energy in biomass helps reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
- Carbon neutral: Biomass energy releases carbon dioxide when burned, but this is offset by the carbon dioxide absorbed by plants during photosynthesis.
- Versatile: Solar energy can be harnessed in various ways to produce different forms of biomass energy.
In conclusion, solar energy plays a crucial role in biomass energy production as it is the primary source of energy for plant growth and the subsequent conversion of biomass into usable energy. Its renewable and sustainable nature makes it an ideal choice for meeting energy needs while minimizing environmental impact.
Eco-Mark is given to the Indian products that are - a) Pure and unadulterated
- b) Rich in proteins
- c) Environment-friendly
- d) Economically viable
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Eco-Mark is given to the Indian products that are
a)
Pure and unadulterated
b)
Rich in proteins
c)
Environment-friendly
d)
Economically viable
|
|
Rahul Desai answered |
The Government of India launched the eco-labelling scheme known as `Ecomark’ in 1991 for easy identification of environment-friendly products. Its purpose is also to increase consumer awareness about the ecological impact of different products.
The author of Green Development is - a) M.J. Bradshaw
- b) M. Nicolson
- c) R.H. Whittaker
- d) W.M. Adams
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The author of Green Development is
a)
M.J. Bradshaw
b)
M. Nicolson
c)
R.H. Whittaker
d)
W.M. Adams
|
Nilesh Patel answered |
William M. Adams is the author of Green Development. The book provides a clear and coherent analysis of sustainable development in both theory and practice.
The word ‘Ecology’ was coined in 1866 by - a) Charles Darwin
- b) Robert Whittaker
- c) Arthur Tansley
- d) Ernst Haeckel
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The word ‘Ecology’ was coined in 1866 by
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Robert Whittaker
c)
Arthur Tansley
d)
Ernst Haeckel
|
Krish Chaudhary answered |
Ecology was coined by Ernst Haeckel in 1866
Ernst Haeckel, a German biologist, philosopher, and artist, is credited with coining the term ‘Ecology’ in 1866. He used the term in his book ‘Generelle Morphologie der Organismen’ (General Morphology of Organisms) to describe the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment.
Other options and their significance
a) Charles Darwin: Charles Darwin was a British naturalist who is famous for his theory of evolution through natural selection. He did not coin the term ‘Ecology.’
b) Robert Whittaker: Robert Whittaker was an American ecologist who is known for his five-kingdom classification system. He did not coin the term ‘Ecology.’
c) Arthur Tansley: Arthur Tansley was a British botanist who is known for coining the term ‘Ecosystem’ in 1935. He did not coin the term ‘Ecology.’
Conclusion
In conclusion, the correct answer to the question is option D, Ernst Haeckel. He is credited with coining the term ‘Ecology’ in 1866 to describe the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment.
Ernst Haeckel, a German biologist, philosopher, and artist, is credited with coining the term ‘Ecology’ in 1866. He used the term in his book ‘Generelle Morphologie der Organismen’ (General Morphology of Organisms) to describe the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment.
Other options and their significance
a) Charles Darwin: Charles Darwin was a British naturalist who is famous for his theory of evolution through natural selection. He did not coin the term ‘Ecology.’
b) Robert Whittaker: Robert Whittaker was an American ecologist who is known for his five-kingdom classification system. He did not coin the term ‘Ecology.’
c) Arthur Tansley: Arthur Tansley was a British botanist who is known for coining the term ‘Ecosystem’ in 1935. He did not coin the term ‘Ecology.’
Conclusion
In conclusion, the correct answer to the question is option D, Ernst Haeckel. He is credited with coining the term ‘Ecology’ in 1866 to describe the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment.
Which of the following statements about Radioactive pollution are they correct?1. It causes genetic changes in the animals.2. It causes disbalance among different minerals in the soil.3. It hinders blood circulation.4. It causes cancers.Select the correct answer from the codes given below:Codes:- a) 1 and 2
- b) 1 and 4
- c) 1, 3 and 4
- d) 2, 3 and 4
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements about Radioactive pollution are they correct?
1. It causes genetic changes in the animals.
2. It causes disbalance among different minerals in the soil.
3. It hinders blood circulation.
4. It causes cancers.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Codes:
a)
1 and 2
b)
1 and 4
c)
1, 3 and 4
d)
2, 3 and 4
|
|
Deepak Chauhan answered |
Understanding Radioactive Pollution
Radioactive pollution refers to the release of radioactive substances into the environment, leading to harmful effects on living organisms and ecosystems. The statements provided evaluate the impact of such pollution.
1. Genetic Changes in Animals
- Radioactive materials can cause mutations in DNA due to ionizing radiation.
- These genetic alterations can lead to developmental abnormalities and changes in reproductive capabilities.
2. Disbalance Among Different Minerals in Soil
- While radioactive pollution does affect soil quality, the primary concern is the uptake of radioactive isotopes rather than a direct disbalance of minerals.
- This statement is less relevant compared to the health impacts on organisms.
3. Hindrance to Blood Circulation
- There is no direct correlation between radioactive pollution and hindrance of blood circulation.
- This statement lacks scientific backing in the context of radioactive exposure.
4. Causes Cancers
- Exposure to radioactive substances is a well-established risk factor for various types of cancer.
- Ionizing radiation can damage cellular structures, leading to cancerous growths.
Conclusion on Correct Answers
Based on the analysis:
- Statements 1 (genetic changes) and 4 (cancers) are correct and well-supported by scientific evidence.
- Statement 2 is less relevant, and statement 3 is incorrect.
Thus, the correct answer is option 'B' (1 and 4).
Radioactive pollution refers to the release of radioactive substances into the environment, leading to harmful effects on living organisms and ecosystems. The statements provided evaluate the impact of such pollution.
1. Genetic Changes in Animals
- Radioactive materials can cause mutations in DNA due to ionizing radiation.
- These genetic alterations can lead to developmental abnormalities and changes in reproductive capabilities.
2. Disbalance Among Different Minerals in Soil
- While radioactive pollution does affect soil quality, the primary concern is the uptake of radioactive isotopes rather than a direct disbalance of minerals.
- This statement is less relevant compared to the health impacts on organisms.
3. Hindrance to Blood Circulation
- There is no direct correlation between radioactive pollution and hindrance of blood circulation.
- This statement lacks scientific backing in the context of radioactive exposure.
4. Causes Cancers
- Exposure to radioactive substances is a well-established risk factor for various types of cancer.
- Ionizing radiation can damage cellular structures, leading to cancerous growths.
Conclusion on Correct Answers
Based on the analysis:
- Statements 1 (genetic changes) and 4 (cancers) are correct and well-supported by scientific evidence.
- Statement 2 is less relevant, and statement 3 is incorrect.
Thus, the correct answer is option 'B' (1 and 4).
As per the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)research scientists found that concentrations of mercury nearthe ground level had increased in the Arctic Sea by mercury-pumping reaction which takes place because -1. The open water in the land is much warmer than the air above it.2. of the temperature difference, the air above the lead churns likethe air above a boiling pot.3. the mixing is so strong that it pulls down mercury from athe higher layer of the atmosphere to near the surface.Select the answer from the codes given below-- a) 1 only
- b) 1 and 2 only
- c) 2 and 3 only
- d) All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
As per the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
research scientists found that concentrations of mercury near
the ground level had increased in the Arctic Sea by mercury-
pumping reaction which takes place because -
1. The open water in the land is much warmer than the air above it.
2. of the temperature difference, the air above the lead churns like
the air above a boiling pot.
3. the mixing is so strong that it pulls down mercury from a
the higher layer of the atmosphere to near the surface.
Select the answer from the codes given below-
a)
1 only
b)
1 and 2 only
c)
2 and 3 only
d)
All of the above
|
|
Dhruv Choudhury answered |
Explanation:
1. Open Water in the Land is Much Warmer than the Air Above It:
- The open water in the Arctic Sea tends to be warmer compared to the frigid air above it due to various factors such as sunlight absorption and heat retention.
- This temperature difference creates an environment where the air above the water is warmer and leads to unique atmospheric conditions.
2. Temperature Difference Causes Air Churning:
- The significant temperature contrast between the open water and the cold air above it causes the air to churn, much like the air above a boiling pot.
- This churning motion contributes to the mixing of different layers of the atmosphere, leading to the redistribution of various substances present in the air.
3. Strong Mixing Pulls Down Mercury:
- Due to the intense mixing caused by the temperature difference, the air in the Arctic Sea region pulls down mercury from the higher layers of the atmosphere to near the surface.
- This process results in increased concentrations of mercury near the ground level, posing potential environmental and health risks to the Arctic ecosystem.
In conclusion, the combination of warm open water, temperature-induced air churning, and strong mixing in the Arctic Sea region leads to the pumping of mercury from higher atmospheric layers to the surface. This phenomenon highlights the complex interactions between environmental factors and atmospheric processes in the Arctic region, emphasizing the need for further research and monitoring to understand and mitigate potential impacts.
1. Open Water in the Land is Much Warmer than the Air Above It:
- The open water in the Arctic Sea tends to be warmer compared to the frigid air above it due to various factors such as sunlight absorption and heat retention.
- This temperature difference creates an environment where the air above the water is warmer and leads to unique atmospheric conditions.
2. Temperature Difference Causes Air Churning:
- The significant temperature contrast between the open water and the cold air above it causes the air to churn, much like the air above a boiling pot.
- This churning motion contributes to the mixing of different layers of the atmosphere, leading to the redistribution of various substances present in the air.
3. Strong Mixing Pulls Down Mercury:
- Due to the intense mixing caused by the temperature difference, the air in the Arctic Sea region pulls down mercury from the higher layers of the atmosphere to near the surface.
- This process results in increased concentrations of mercury near the ground level, posing potential environmental and health risks to the Arctic ecosystem.
In conclusion, the combination of warm open water, temperature-induced air churning, and strong mixing in the Arctic Sea region leads to the pumping of mercury from higher atmospheric layers to the surface. This phenomenon highlights the complex interactions between environmental factors and atmospheric processes in the Arctic region, emphasizing the need for further research and monitoring to understand and mitigate potential impacts.
Which one of the following is the best source of generating electricity in India from the viewpoint of sustainable development? - a) Coal
- b) Mineral oil and gas
- c) Hydroelectricity
- d) Atomic energy
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following is the best source of generating electricity in India from the viewpoint of sustainable development?
a)
Coal
b)
Mineral oil and gas
c)
Hydroelectricity
d)
Atomic energy
|
|
Mohit Malik answered |
Hydroelectricity is the best source of generating electricity in India from the viewpoint of sustainable development.
1. Renewable Energy Source:
- Hydroelectricity is a renewable energy source as it relies on the water cycle, which is continuously replenished by rainfall and snowmelt. This ensures a sustainable and long-term supply of electricity.
2. Environmentally Friendly:
- Hydroelectric power plants do not produce greenhouse gas emissions or air pollutants, unlike coal-fired power plants that contribute to air pollution and climate change.
- Hydroelectricity does not release harmful pollutants into the atmosphere, which helps in improving air quality and reducing the impact on human health.
3. Water Resource Management:
- Hydroelectric power plants require the construction of dams or reservoirs, which can help in managing water resources effectively.
- The reservoirs created by dams can be used for irrigation, drinking water supply, and flood control, thus providing multiple benefits to society.
4. Contribution to Grid Stability:
- Hydroelectric power plants provide a stable and reliable source of electricity, which is crucial for maintaining the stability of the power grid.
- The ability to quickly respond to changes in electricity demand makes hydroelectricity an important asset for grid operators.
5. Job Creation and Economic Development:
- The development of hydroelectric power plants creates job opportunities in construction, operation, and maintenance.
- It also stimulates economic growth by attracting investments in the power sector and supporting local industries.
6. Diversification of Energy Mix:
- India heavily relies on coal for electricity generation, which has adverse environmental and health impacts.
- By promoting hydroelectricity, India can diversify its energy mix and reduce its dependence on fossil fuels, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable energy future.
In conclusion, hydroelectricity is the best source of generating electricity in India considering its renewable nature, environmental friendliness, water resource management, contribution to grid stability, job creation, economic development, and diversification of the energy mix. Investing in hydroelectric power plants will not only meet the growing energy demand but also support sustainable development goals in the country.
1. Renewable Energy Source:
- Hydroelectricity is a renewable energy source as it relies on the water cycle, which is continuously replenished by rainfall and snowmelt. This ensures a sustainable and long-term supply of electricity.
2. Environmentally Friendly:
- Hydroelectric power plants do not produce greenhouse gas emissions or air pollutants, unlike coal-fired power plants that contribute to air pollution and climate change.
- Hydroelectricity does not release harmful pollutants into the atmosphere, which helps in improving air quality and reducing the impact on human health.
3. Water Resource Management:
- Hydroelectric power plants require the construction of dams or reservoirs, which can help in managing water resources effectively.
- The reservoirs created by dams can be used for irrigation, drinking water supply, and flood control, thus providing multiple benefits to society.
4. Contribution to Grid Stability:
- Hydroelectric power plants provide a stable and reliable source of electricity, which is crucial for maintaining the stability of the power grid.
- The ability to quickly respond to changes in electricity demand makes hydroelectricity an important asset for grid operators.
5. Job Creation and Economic Development:
- The development of hydroelectric power plants creates job opportunities in construction, operation, and maintenance.
- It also stimulates economic growth by attracting investments in the power sector and supporting local industries.
6. Diversification of Energy Mix:
- India heavily relies on coal for electricity generation, which has adverse environmental and health impacts.
- By promoting hydroelectricity, India can diversify its energy mix and reduce its dependence on fossil fuels, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable energy future.
In conclusion, hydroelectricity is the best source of generating electricity in India considering its renewable nature, environmental friendliness, water resource management, contribution to grid stability, job creation, economic development, and diversification of the energy mix. Investing in hydroelectric power plants will not only meet the growing energy demand but also support sustainable development goals in the country.
An artificial ecosystem is represented by
(a) Agriculture land
(b) Pisciculture tank
(c) Zoo
(d) Aquarium
Correct answer is 'Aquarium'. Can you explain this answer?
An artificial ecosystem is represented by
(a) Agriculture land
(b) Pisciculture tank
(c) Zoo
(d) Aquarium
|
Ojasvi Mehta answered |
Aquarium represents an artificial ecosystem. These ecosystems are created by humans to mimic the natural ecosystems.
Which one of the following does not help maintain ecological stability? - a) Ecosystem complexity
- b) Ecosystem diversity
- c) Ecosystem uniformity
- d) Homeostatic mechanism
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following does not help maintain ecological stability?
a)
Ecosystem complexity
b)
Ecosystem diversity
c)
Ecosystem uniformity
d)
Homeostatic mechanism
|
|
Maya Chavan answered |
Understanding Ecological Stability
Ecological stability refers to the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its structure and function over time, even in the face of disturbances. Several factors contribute to this stability, but not all aspects promote it equally.
Key Factors for Ecological Stability
- Ecosystem Complexity:
Complex ecosystems with multiple layers, interactions, and relationships (like food webs) tend to be more resilient. They can absorb disturbances better because various species fulfill similar roles, allowing for functional redundancy.
- Ecosystem Diversity:
Biodiversity enhances ecological stability. A wide range of species increases the likelihood that some will thrive under changing conditions. Diverse ecosystems can adapt and recover from stresses, such as climate change or invasive species.
The Role of Ecosystem Uniformity
- Ecosystem Uniformity:
In contrast, ecosystem uniformity, characterized by a lack of diversity and complexity, undermines stability. Uniform ecosystems are more susceptible to disturbances because they rely heavily on few species. If these species are affected by disease or environmental changes, the entire ecosystem can collapse.
Homeostatic Mechanisms
- Homeostatic Mechanism:
These mechanisms help ecosystems self-regulate, maintaining balance and mitigating the effects of disturbances, thus contributing positively to stability.
Conclusion
In summary, while ecosystem complexity, diversity, and homeostatic mechanisms all contribute to ecological stability, ecosystem uniformity does not. It creates vulnerability, making ecosystems less resilient to changes and disturbances. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C.'
Ecological stability refers to the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its structure and function over time, even in the face of disturbances. Several factors contribute to this stability, but not all aspects promote it equally.
Key Factors for Ecological Stability
- Ecosystem Complexity:
Complex ecosystems with multiple layers, interactions, and relationships (like food webs) tend to be more resilient. They can absorb disturbances better because various species fulfill similar roles, allowing for functional redundancy.
- Ecosystem Diversity:
Biodiversity enhances ecological stability. A wide range of species increases the likelihood that some will thrive under changing conditions. Diverse ecosystems can adapt and recover from stresses, such as climate change or invasive species.
The Role of Ecosystem Uniformity
- Ecosystem Uniformity:
In contrast, ecosystem uniformity, characterized by a lack of diversity and complexity, undermines stability. Uniform ecosystems are more susceptible to disturbances because they rely heavily on few species. If these species are affected by disease or environmental changes, the entire ecosystem can collapse.
Homeostatic Mechanisms
- Homeostatic Mechanism:
These mechanisms help ecosystems self-regulate, maintaining balance and mitigating the effects of disturbances, thus contributing positively to stability.
Conclusion
In summary, while ecosystem complexity, diversity, and homeostatic mechanisms all contribute to ecological stability, ecosystem uniformity does not. It creates vulnerability, making ecosystems less resilient to changes and disturbances. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C.'
The minimum area of the land required to completely sustain the life of one person is called his - a) Biota
- b) Biome
- c) Ecological footprint
- d) Niche
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The minimum area of the land required to completely sustain the life of one person is called his
a)
Biota
b)
Biome
c)
Ecological footprint
d)
Niche
|
Jayant Mishra answered |
C) Ecological footprint. The ecological footprint is a measure of the impact of human activity on the environment, and it is often used to assess the sustainability of a person's lifestyle. It is calculated by adding up the total area of land and water required to produce the resources a person consumes, such as food, shelter, and energy, as well as to absorb the waste they generate. The larger a person's ecological footprint, the more resources they are using and the more pressure they are putting on the environment. A person's ecological footprint can be reduced by making more sustainable choices, such as using energy-efficient appliances, eating a plant-based diet, and reducing waste.
The term ‘ecosystem’ was enunciated by - a) C.C. Park
- b) G. Mendel
- c) A.G. Tansley
- d) E.P. Odum
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The term ‘ecosystem’ was enunciated by
a)
C.C. Park
b)
G. Mendel
c)
A.G. Tansley
d)
E.P. Odum
|
|
Rajiv Reddy answered |
The term ecosystem was coined by A G Tansley. Ecosystem is the interaction of living organisms, with their the physical environment in a particular unit of space.
The transitional zone between two distinct communities is known as- a) Ecotype
- b) Ecade
- c) Ecosphere
- d) Ecotone
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The transitional zone between two distinct communities is known as
a)
Ecotype
b)
Ecade
c)
Ecosphere
d)
Ecotone
|
Anita Desai answered |
The transitional zone between two different communities is known as ecotone. It has some of the characteristics of each bordering biological community and often contains
species not found in the overlapping communities.
Which one of the following is not included under the basic component of the environment? - a) Abiotic component
- b) Biotic component
- c) Energy component
- d) Spatial component
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following is not included under the basic component of the environment?
a)
Abiotic component
b)
Biotic component
c)
Energy component
d)
Spatial component
|
|
Anshika Basak answered |
Basic Components of the Environment:
The environment is composed of various components, each playing a crucial role in maintaining the equilibrium and functioning of the ecosystem. The basic components of the environment include the abiotic component, biotic component, and energy component. However, the spatial component is not included as one of the basic components of the environment.
1. Abiotic Component:
The abiotic component refers to the non-living or physical factors of the environment. It includes elements such as air, water, soil, sunlight, temperature, humidity, and various chemicals. These factors are essential for the survival and growth of living organisms and influence their distribution and behavior.
2. Biotic Component:
The biotic component refers to all the living organisms present in the environment. It includes plants, animals, microorganisms, and humans. The biotic component interacts with the other components of the environment and plays a vital role in nutrient cycling, food chains, and ecological balance.
3. Energy Component:
The energy component refers to the flow of energy within an ecosystem. Energy is obtained from the sun and is transferred through various trophic levels in a food chain or food web. Producers (plants) convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, which is then consumed by consumers (animals) in higher trophic levels. Decomposers break down dead organisms and organic matter, releasing energy back into the ecosystem.
4. Spatial Component:
The spatial component refers to the physical arrangement or distribution of the various components of the environment. It includes factors such as the size, shape, and location of ecosystems, habitats, and landscapes. Spatial patterns influence the interactions between organisms and their environment, as well as the movement and distribution of species.
Explanation:
Among the given options, the spatial component is not included as one of the basic components of the environment. While spatial patterns are important in understanding ecological processes and patterns, they are considered as a separate component and not included as one of the primary components of the environment. The spatial component helps in studying the relationships between different components and their distribution across different scales, but it is not considered as a fundamental component like the abiotic, biotic, and energy components.
In conclusion, the spatial component is not included under the basic components of the environment. The abiotic component represents the non-living factors, the biotic component includes all the living organisms, and the energy component refers to the flow of energy within an ecosystem.
The environment is composed of various components, each playing a crucial role in maintaining the equilibrium and functioning of the ecosystem. The basic components of the environment include the abiotic component, biotic component, and energy component. However, the spatial component is not included as one of the basic components of the environment.
1. Abiotic Component:
The abiotic component refers to the non-living or physical factors of the environment. It includes elements such as air, water, soil, sunlight, temperature, humidity, and various chemicals. These factors are essential for the survival and growth of living organisms and influence their distribution and behavior.
2. Biotic Component:
The biotic component refers to all the living organisms present in the environment. It includes plants, animals, microorganisms, and humans. The biotic component interacts with the other components of the environment and plays a vital role in nutrient cycling, food chains, and ecological balance.
3. Energy Component:
The energy component refers to the flow of energy within an ecosystem. Energy is obtained from the sun and is transferred through various trophic levels in a food chain or food web. Producers (plants) convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, which is then consumed by consumers (animals) in higher trophic levels. Decomposers break down dead organisms and organic matter, releasing energy back into the ecosystem.
4. Spatial Component:
The spatial component refers to the physical arrangement or distribution of the various components of the environment. It includes factors such as the size, shape, and location of ecosystems, habitats, and landscapes. Spatial patterns influence the interactions between organisms and their environment, as well as the movement and distribution of species.
Explanation:
Among the given options, the spatial component is not included as one of the basic components of the environment. While spatial patterns are important in understanding ecological processes and patterns, they are considered as a separate component and not included as one of the primary components of the environment. The spatial component helps in studying the relationships between different components and their distribution across different scales, but it is not considered as a fundamental component like the abiotic, biotic, and energy components.
In conclusion, the spatial component is not included under the basic components of the environment. The abiotic component represents the non-living factors, the biotic component includes all the living organisms, and the energy component refers to the flow of energy within an ecosystem.
All components and individuals in an ecosystem are - a) individualistic
- b) independent
- c) interdependent
- d) dispensable
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
All components and individuals in an ecosystem are
a)
individualistic
b)
independent
c)
interdependent
d)
dispensable
|
Shail Chavan answered |
Understanding Interdependence in Ecosystems
In an ecosystem, all components and individuals display a crucial characteristic known as interdependence. This means that the survival and well-being of one species or element are often linked to others within the ecosystem.
What is Interdependence?
- Interdependence refers to the mutual reliance between organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms.
- Each species plays a specific role, contributing to the overall health and balance of the ecosystem.
Examples of Interdependence
- Food Chains:
- Producers (like plants) convert sunlight into energy.
- Herbivores rely on these plants for food, while carnivores depend on herbivores.
- Pollination:
- Bees and other pollinators depend on flowers for nectar.
- In return, they help plants reproduce by spreading pollen.
- Nutrient Cycling:
- Decomposers break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the soil.
- This process supports plant growth, which in turn supports herbivores.
Implications of Interdependence
- Ecosystem Stability:
- A disruption to one species can have cascading effects throughout the ecosystem, leading to imbalances.
- Biodiversity Importance:
- Higher biodiversity enhances resilience, ensuring ecosystems can withstand changes and disturbances.
Conclusion
In summary, interdependence is a fundamental principle of ecosystems, highlighting the connections that bind different organisms and their environments together. Understanding this concept is vital for conservation efforts and maintaining ecological balance.
In an ecosystem, all components and individuals display a crucial characteristic known as interdependence. This means that the survival and well-being of one species or element are often linked to others within the ecosystem.
What is Interdependence?
- Interdependence refers to the mutual reliance between organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms.
- Each species plays a specific role, contributing to the overall health and balance of the ecosystem.
Examples of Interdependence
- Food Chains:
- Producers (like plants) convert sunlight into energy.
- Herbivores rely on these plants for food, while carnivores depend on herbivores.
- Pollination:
- Bees and other pollinators depend on flowers for nectar.
- In return, they help plants reproduce by spreading pollen.
- Nutrient Cycling:
- Decomposers break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the soil.
- This process supports plant growth, which in turn supports herbivores.
Implications of Interdependence
- Ecosystem Stability:
- A disruption to one species can have cascading effects throughout the ecosystem, leading to imbalances.
- Biodiversity Importance:
- Higher biodiversity enhances resilience, ensuring ecosystems can withstand changes and disturbances.
Conclusion
In summary, interdependence is a fundamental principle of ecosystems, highlighting the connections that bind different organisms and their environments together. Understanding this concept is vital for conservation efforts and maintaining ecological balance.
Biosphere reserves are areas to preserve - a) Grassland
- b) Agricultural produce
- c) Atmospheric balance
- d) Genetic diversity
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Biosphere reserves are areas to preserve
a)
Grassland
b)
Agricultural produce
c)
Atmospheric balance
d)
Genetic diversity
|
|
Amit Sharma answered |
Biosphere reserves are one of the areas for on-site conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species. National Parks, Sanctuaries, and
Reserve Forests are other areas in this category.
Which one of the following is a part of the Geological cycle? - a) Carbon cycle
- b) Hydrogen cycle
- c) Hydrological cycle
- d) Nitrogen cycle
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following is a part of the Geological cycle?
a)
Carbon cycle
b)
Hydrogen cycle
c)
Hydrological cycle
d)
Nitrogen cycle
|
|
Aaditya Choudhury answered |
Hydrological Cycle
The hydrological cycle, also known as the water cycle, is a key part of the Geological cycle which describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. It involves the processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff, which all work together to circulate water throughout the planet.
Key Points of the Hydrological Cycle:
- Evaporation: The process by which water is converted from liquid to water vapor and rises into the atmosphere.
- Condensation: Water vapor in the atmosphere cools and condenses into clouds.
- Precipitation: When the condensed water droplets in clouds become heavy enough, they fall to the Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
- Runoff: The movement of water across the land surface into rivers, lakes, and oceans, completing the cycle.
Importance of the Hydrological Cycle:
- The hydrological cycle regulates the Earth's temperature by transferring heat from the surface to the atmosphere through processes like evaporation and condensation.
- It plays a crucial role in shaping the landscape through erosion, sedimentation, and the formation of rivers and lakes.
- The cycle is essential for sustaining life on Earth as it provides fresh water for drinking, agriculture, and other human activities.
- It also influences weather patterns, climate, and the distribution of ecosystems across the planet.
In conclusion, the hydrological cycle is a fundamental part of the Geological cycle, driving the movement and distribution of water across the Earth's surface and playing a vital role in shaping the environment and supporting all forms of life.
The hydrological cycle, also known as the water cycle, is a key part of the Geological cycle which describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. It involves the processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff, which all work together to circulate water throughout the planet.
Key Points of the Hydrological Cycle:
- Evaporation: The process by which water is converted from liquid to water vapor and rises into the atmosphere.
- Condensation: Water vapor in the atmosphere cools and condenses into clouds.
- Precipitation: When the condensed water droplets in clouds become heavy enough, they fall to the Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
- Runoff: The movement of water across the land surface into rivers, lakes, and oceans, completing the cycle.
Importance of the Hydrological Cycle:
- The hydrological cycle regulates the Earth's temperature by transferring heat from the surface to the atmosphere through processes like evaporation and condensation.
- It plays a crucial role in shaping the landscape through erosion, sedimentation, and the formation of rivers and lakes.
- The cycle is essential for sustaining life on Earth as it provides fresh water for drinking, agriculture, and other human activities.
- It also influences weather patterns, climate, and the distribution of ecosystems across the planet.
In conclusion, the hydrological cycle is a fundamental part of the Geological cycle, driving the movement and distribution of water across the Earth's surface and playing a vital role in shaping the environment and supporting all forms of life.
A new nuclear waste disposal strategy announced by the United States include-1. a “pilot interim store” will become operational in 20212. a larger “full-scale interim store” will open be open by 20253. an underground disposal facility to be established by 2048 to permanently dispose of the material.4. a new organisation will be established to manage the siting, development and operation of the future waste stores.Select the answer from the codes given below-- a) 1, 2 and 3
- b) 2, 3 and 4
- c) 1, 3 and 4
- d) All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
A new nuclear waste disposal strategy announced by the United States include-
1. a “pilot interim store” will become operational in 2021
2. a larger “full-scale interim store” will open be open by 2025
3. an underground disposal facility to be established by 2048 to permanently dispose of the material.
4. a new organisation will be established to manage the siting, development and operation of the future waste stores.
Select the answer from the codes given below-
a)
1, 2 and 3
b)
2, 3 and 4
c)
1, 3 and 4
d)
All of the above
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- The schedule is meant to reduce the growth of the US government’s liabilities under the 1982 Nuclear Waste Policy Act, under which it was to begin taking spent reactor fuel from power companies in 1998.
- About 68,000 tonnes of used reactor fuel remains at 72 different power plant sites across the country, with the Department of Energy (DoE) reimbursing power companies the cost.
- The current production rate of spent fuel is 2,000 tonnes a year. The two interim facilities will accept used reactor fuel at a rate faster than this to gradually reduce the inventory at power companies.
The concept of the ecological niche was first introduced by - a) C.C. Park
- b) E.P. Odum
- c) J. Grinnell
- d) G.E. Hutchinson
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The concept of the ecological niche was first introduced by
a)
C.C. Park
b)
E.P. Odum
c)
J. Grinnell
d)
G.E. Hutchinson
|
|
Ananya Deshmukh answered |
Joseph Grinnell was the first person to introduce the concept of ecological niche use in his 1917 paper titled “The niche relationships of the California Thrasher”.
The cycling of elements in an ecosystem is called - a) chemical cycles
- b) biogeochemical cycles
- c) geological cycles
- d) geochemical cycles
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The cycling of elements in an ecosystem is called
a)
chemical cycles
b)
biogeochemical cycles
c)
geological cycles
d)
geochemical cycles
|
|
Arun Khatri answered |
A biogeochemical cycle is a pathway through which a the chemical element moves through the biotic and the abiotic factors of an ecosystem. It includes living factors like living
organisms and nonliving factors such as rocks, air, water, chemicals etc.
As an ecosystem, wetlands are useful for which of the following?- a)For nutrient recovery and cycling
- b)For releasing heavy metals through absorption by plants
- c)In reducing siltiation of rivers by retaining sediments
- d)All the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
As an ecosystem, wetlands are useful for which of the following?
a)
For nutrient recovery and cycling
b)
For releasing heavy metals through absorption by plants
c)
In reducing siltiation of rivers by retaining sediments
d)
All the above
|
K.L Institute answered |
- As an ecosystem, wetlands are useful for nutrient recovery and cycling, releasing heavy metals through absorption by plants.
- They also control floods and maintain floods.
- Wetlands are important features in the landscape that provide numerous beneficial services for people and fish and wildlife.
- Some of these services, or functions, include protecting and improving water quality, providing fish and wildlife habitats, storing floodwaters, and maintaining surface water flow during dry periods.
- Wetlands can be thought of as "biological supermarkets".
Biotic component of the environment does not include - a) soil system
- b) animal system
- c) micro-organism system
- d) plant system
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Biotic component of the environment does not include
a)
soil system
b)
animal system
c)
micro-organism system
d)
plant system
|
Kavita Mehta answered |
Biotic component of the environment does not include soil the system as it is a non-biotic (non-living) component. Animal the system, Plant system and microorganism system are part of biotic (living) component.
Sustainable development is a case of intergenerational sensibility in respect of the use of - a) natural resources
- b) material resources
- c) industrial resources
- d) social resources
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Sustainable development is a case of intergenerational sensibility in respect of the use of
a)
natural resources
b)
material resources
c)
industrial resources
d)
social resources
|
|
Anita Desai answered |
Sustainable development is the type of development that fulfils the criteria for meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Higher-order biotic level includes - a) population
- b) cells
- c) genes
- d) tissues
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Higher-order biotic level includes
a)
population
b)
cells
c)
genes
d)
tissues
|
|
Rajiv Reddy answered |
The population represents one of the higher-order biotic levels. It is defined as a group of individuals of a given species that live in a specific geographic area at a given time.
Consider the following statements:Assertion (A): Use of weedicides affect the photosynthetic ability ofplants.Reason (R): Weedicides are metabolic inhibitors.Codes:- a) Both A and R are true, R is the correct explanation of A.
- b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c) A is true, R is false.
- d) A is false, R is true.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
Assertion (A): Use of weedicides affect the photosynthetic ability of
plants.
Reason (R): Weedicides are metabolic inhibitors.
Codes:
a)
Both A and R are true, R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true, R is false.
d)
A is false, R is true.
|
|
Rahul Desai answered |
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. The weedicides and herbicides are metabolic inhibitors, inhibiting the metabolic pathways as well as photosynthesis.
Some weedicides also cause phloem cells’ proliferation to block the transport of plants’ food materials.
A pesticide which is a chlorinated hydrocarbon is sprayed on a food crop. The food chain is Food crop – Rat – Snake – Hawk. In this food chain, the highest concentration of the pesticide would accumulate in which one of the following? - a) Food crop
- b) Rat
- c) Snake
- d) Hawk
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
A pesticide which is a chlorinated hydrocarbon is sprayed on a food crop. The food chain is Food crop – Rat – Snake – Hawk. In this food chain, the highest concentration of the pesticide would accumulate in which one of the following?
a)
Food crop
b)
Rat
c)
Snake
d)
Hawk
|
|
Rahul Desai answered |
Highest concentration of pesticide will accumulate in species which is on top of the food chain. In this case, it is the hawk in which highest pesticide concentration will accumulate due to biomagnification.
The amount of energy as it passes on from one trophic level to others in an ecosystem - a) increases
- b) decreases
- c) remains constant
- d) none of these
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The amount of energy as it passes on from one trophic level to others in an ecosystem
a)
increases
b)
decreases
c)
remains constant
d)
none of these
|
|
Rajiv Reddy answered |
The amount of energy in an ecosystem decreases as it passes from one trophic level to another. For example, in a food chain not 100 percent of energy is transferred from one
trophic level to the other as only a fraction of it is transferred and rest is lost to the atmosphere.
The orderly sequence of change in the vegetation of an area over time is described as - a) biomes
- b) succession
- c) trophic level
- d) climax
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The orderly sequence of change in the vegetation of an area over time is described as
a)
biomes
b)
succession
c)
trophic level
d)
climax
|
|
Anjali Rao answered |
- The orderly sequence of change in the vegetation of an area over time is described as succession or ecological succession.
- It is a phenomenon or process by which an ecological community undergoes more or less orderly and predictable changes following a disturbance or the initial colonization of a new habitat.
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