All questions of Seven Wonders of Medieval World for UPSC CSE Exam

Introduction:
The Seven Wonders of the Medieval World were a list of architectural marvels recognized during the Middle Ages. They were chosen for their grandeur, beauty, and historical significance. In this context, we will discuss which of the given options is not one of the Seven Wonders of the Medieval World.

Explanation:
The correct answer is option 'A' - The Great Wall of China. While the Great Wall of China is undoubtedly a remarkable feat of engineering and an iconic structure, it is not part of the Seven Wonders of the Medieval World. The list of the Seven Wonders of the Medieval World was compiled based on specific criteria and did not include the Great Wall of China. Here's a brief explanation of the other options:

1. The Leaning Tower of Pisa: Located in Pisa, Italy, the Leaning Tower of Pisa is renowned for its unintended tilt. It was constructed as a freestanding bell tower for the nearby cathedral and is considered one of the most famous landmarks in the world.

2. The Colosseum: Situated in Rome, Italy, the Colosseum is a massive amphitheater built during the Roman Empire. It was used for gladiatorial contests, public spectacles, and other events. The Colosseum is an architectural marvel and a symbol of the grandeur of ancient Rome.

3. The Taj Mahal: Located in Agra, India, the Taj Mahal is an exquisite mausoleum built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is renowned for its stunning white marble construction, intricate carvings, and beautiful gardens. The Taj Mahal is considered one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture.

In conclusion, the Great Wall of China is not one of the Seven Wonders of the Medieval World. The Leaning Tower of Pisa, the Colosseum, and the Taj Mahal are three of the recognized wonders due to their historical and architectural significance.

The correct answer is option 'D', Ptolemy II. The Lighthouse of Alexandria, also known as the Pharos of Alexandria, was constructed during the reign of Ptolemy II, who was a king of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt.

The Lighthouse of Alexandria:
The Lighthouse of Alexandria was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was located on the island of Pharos, near the city of Alexandria in Egypt. The lighthouse was built to guide ships entering the harbor of Alexandria and to serve as a symbol of the city's prosperity and power.

Construction and Design:
The construction of the lighthouse began around 290 BC and was completed around 280 BC. It was designed by the Greek architect Sostratus of Cnidus. The structure was built with large blocks of white limestone and rose to a height of approximately 120 meters (394 feet). It consisted of three levels: a square base, a middle section with eight sides, and a cylindrical top. At the very top, a mirror was used to reflect sunlight during the day, while a fire was lit at night to provide light to guide the ships.

Role and Importance:
The Lighthouse of Alexandria served as a crucial navigational aid for sailors and traders in the Mediterranean Sea. Its light could reportedly be seen from a distance of up to 35 miles (56 kilometers). The lighthouse was equipped with a sophisticated system of mirrors and lenses that focused and intensified the light, making it visible even during adverse weather conditions. It played a vital role in ensuring the safe navigation of ships and the economic prosperity of Alexandria.

Legacy and Destruction:
The Lighthouse of Alexandria stood for centuries as a symbol of architectural and engineering excellence. However, over time, it suffered damage from earthquakes and other natural disasters. The lighthouse was eventually completely destroyed, possibly during the 14th century, after centuries of deterioration. Today, only ruins and underwater remains of the lighthouse can be found near the location where it once stood.

Conclusion:
The Lighthouse of Alexandria, constructed during the reign of Ptolemy II, was an iconic structure that served as a navigational aid and symbol of Alexandria's power and prosperity. Its construction and design showcased the advanced architectural and engineering skills of the ancient world. And though it no longer stands today, its legacy lives on as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.