All questions of Going Places for Class 12 Exam

Geofee is Sophie's elder brother.

One Saturday, Sophie went with her family to watch a football match. Danny Casey was playing in this match for the United. He also scored a brilliant goal for his team. That was the only occasion when she saw Danny Casey in person.

It troubled her seeing her mother in that state of balancing herself. There was a heap of dirty clothes piled in a comer. Her father was eating the shepherd's pie, Sophie felt uneasy and dryness in her throat. So she moved to look for brother Geoff in the next room.

Sophie considers the spot along the canal the best place for a date, as it is away from the rush of the city. As she sits by the canal she is lost in the world of her dreams. She imagines Casey coming along the river and her own excitement thereafter

Sophie and Jansie are two teenagers who are coming back from school. They both work in a biscuit factory. Sophie is lost in her imaginations of owning a boutique shop and becoming famous like Mary Quaint, a fashion designer.

A. R. Barton is a modern writer, who lives in Zurich and writes in English. In the story Going Places, Barton explores the theme of adolescent fantasising and hero worship.

Sophie's dreams and disappointments are all in her mind because they represent her imagination and nothing in reality.

Explanation:

- Dreams and disappointments are products of the mind: Dreams and disappointments are subjective experiences that originate from an individual's thoughts and emotions. They are not tangible entities or concrete events that exist outside of the mind. Therefore, it is accurate to say that Sophie's dreams and disappointments are all in her mind.

- Dreams represent imagination: Dreams are often seen as manifestations of one's imagination. They can involve fantastical scenarios, surreal events, and unrealistic situations. Sophie's dreams likely reflect her creative and imaginative nature, as they are a product of her mind's ability to conjure up imaginative scenarios.

- Disappointments are subjective emotional responses: Disappointments are feelings of sadness, frustration, or dissatisfaction that arise when reality fails to meet one's expectations or desires. These emotions are subjective and personal to the individual experiencing them. Sophie's disappointments are a reflection of her own expectations and interpretations of events, making them subjective experiences that exist solely in her mind.

- No indication of representing nature, personality, or future: The options b, c, and d suggest that Sophie's dreams and disappointments represent her nature, personality, or future. However, there is no evidence in the question or given context to support these interpretations. Dreams and disappointments are subjective experiences that are influenced by various factors, including personal beliefs, experiences, and emotions. They do not necessarily provide insight into one's nature, personality, or future.

- Conclusion: Based on the information provided, option A is the correct answer. Sophie's dreams and disappointments are all in her mind because they represent her imagination and subjective experiences, rather than something that exists in reality.

Sophie wanted to open a boutique. Alternatively, she would become an actress and have the boutique as a side business. She also thought of being a fashion designer. Jansie had her feet firmly planted to the ground.

Derek is Sophie's younger brother.

Sophie liked her brother, Geoff, more than anybody else because he was not in the habit of talking much and remained lost in his own thoughts. She envied his silence and thought that he had access to an unknown world. She wanted to be a part of that world and she fancied herself wearing glamorous clothes and being welcomed by everyone. For Sophie, Geoff symbolised liberty from the monotonous life they had been living.

Meaning of the word "chuffed"

The word "chuffed" is an informal British English term that is used to describe a feeling of delight or great pleasure. It is often used to express a sense of happiness or satisfaction about something.

Explanation:

When someone is "chuffed," they are typically very pleased or delighted about a particular event, achievement, or situation. It is a positive and enthusiastic emotion that conveys a high level of happiness.

Examples:

Here are a few examples to illustrate the use of the word "chuffed" in context:

1. "I am absolutely chuffed with my exam results!"
- In this example, the person is expressing their joy and satisfaction about their excellent exam results.

2. "She was chuffed to receive the promotion at work."
- This sentence indicates that the individual was very happy and delighted to be promoted in their job.

3. "They were chuffed to see their favorite band perform live."
- This statement implies that the individuals were extremely pleased and excited to have the opportunity to see their favorite band perform in person.

4. "He was chuffed to bits when he won the award."
- This sentence shows that the person was overjoyed and thrilled when they received the award.

5. "The children were chuffed to be given ice cream as a treat."
- In this example, the children were delighted and excited about receiving ice cream, which they considered a special treat.

Conclusion:

In summary, the word "chuffed" is used to describe a feeling of delight, happiness, or great pleasure. It is commonly used in British English to express a sense of enthusiasm and satisfaction about something positive.

Sophie had never met Danny Casey. Her story is merely a part of her fantasy. Her fertile mind made up the story of her encounter with him. She told her brother that she had met Danny Casey in the arcade. When she was looking at the clothes in Royce’s window someone came and stood beside her and she looked around and saw Danny. She also told Geoff that Danny Casey has gentle, green eyes and he is not as tall as one would think him to be. She also asked Danny for his autograph but could not get it as none of them had a paper or pen with them. Sophie’s dream world makes her travel into those aspects of life which she may never be able to achieve in reality. Sophie imagines Danny Casey coming to her, her own excitement and subsequent disappointment.

Sophie is attracted to Danny because he is a heroic footballer and she only meets him in her imagination.

Reason for attraction:
- Danny is described as a heroic footballer, which suggests that he possesses certain qualities that make him admirable and attractive to Sophie. These qualities might include bravery, skill, determination, and a strong sense of teamwork. As a footballer, Danny likely exhibits physical fitness and athleticism, which can also be appealing to others.

Meeting in imagination:
- The question specifies that Sophie meets Danny in her imagination only, implying that he is not a real person but rather a fictional character created by Sophie's mind. This suggests that Sophie is attracted to a fantasy version of Danny, which allows her to idealize and romanticize him without having to confront the complexities and flaws that real people often possess.

Implications:
- Sophie's attraction to a fictional character like Danny could indicate that she is seeking escape or fulfillment in her own imagination. It could suggest that she is dissatisfied with her real-life experiences or relationships and finds solace in the fantasy world she has created. This could be a coping mechanism or a way for her to explore desires and emotions that she may not feel comfortable expressing in reality.

Summary:
Sophie's attraction to Danny, a heroic footballer whom she only meets in her imagination, suggests that she is drawn to the qualities and characteristics that he embodies. Meeting Danny in her imagination allows Sophie to escape into a fantasy world where she can idealize and romanticize him, possibly indicating a desire for fulfillment or escape from her real-life experiences.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Fantasizing

Fantasizing is the act of daydreaming or imagining situations that are not real. It is a common human trait and can have both advantages and disadvantages. Let's explore them in detail below.

Advantages:

1. Helps in dreaming big: Fantasizing helps people to dream big and imagine themselves in situations that they might not have thought were possible. It allows them to explore their aspirations and desires beyond their current reality.

2. Develops creative imagination: Fantasizing stimulates creativity and imagination. It can help people to think outside the box and come up with innovative ideas.

3. Can be a stress reliever: Fantasizing can be a healthy escape from the stressors of everyday life. It can provide a temporary distraction from reality and help people to relax and unwind.

Disadvantages:

1. Can make people self-obsessed: Excessive fantasizing can make people self-absorbed and disconnected from reality. It can lead to a lack of focus on important tasks and responsibilities.

2. Can lead to disappointment: Fantasizing can create unrealistic expectations and lead to disappointment when those expectations are not met. It can also prevent people from taking action towards their goals, as they may feel that just imagining it is enough.

3. Can be addictive: Like any other habit, fantasizing can become addictive, leading to a decrease in productivity and a decrease in social interaction.

In conclusion, fantasizing can have both advantages and disadvantages. It is important to strike a balance between healthy daydreaming and excessive fantasizing. While it can be a great tool for exploring creativity and aspirations, it can also be detrimental if it leads to self-obsession or prevents people from taking action towards their goals.

Sophie dreams to have a boutique of her own. .She says that she will buy a boutique if ever she comes into money. She does not mind becoming an actress to run a boutique as a side business. Since she has no money or experience, it is called a 'dream' and not a 'plan'.

Jansie and Sophie both belonged to low middle class families. They did not have any means to fulfil their ambitions and dreams. Jansie had calmly accepted her fate. But Sophie was a very ambitious girl. She had very unrealistic dreams and fantasies. Jansie knew that her friend had to meet disappointment in the end. Therefore she discouraged Sophie from having dreams.

Understanding "Nosey" and "Gawky"
The words "nosey" and "gawky" each have distinct meanings that can often be confusing. Let's break them down.
Meaning of "Nosey"
- "Nosey" refers to someone who is overly curious about other people's affairs.
- It carries a slightly negative connotation, suggesting that the person is intrusive or prying.
- Example: A nosey neighbor might frequently ask about your personal life or spy on your activities.
Meaning of "Gawky"
- "Gawky" describes someone who is awkward or clumsy, often in their movements or appearance.
- This term is usually used to refer to young people or adolescents who are still growing into their bodies.
- Example: A gawky teenager might trip over their own feet while trying to walk confidently in front of a crowd.
Why Option A is Correct
- The choice of option 'A' accurately captures the definitions of both words.
- "Nosey" is indeed synonymous with "inquisitive," emphasizing an excessive curiosity about others.
- "Gawky" aligns perfectly with the meaning of "awkward" or "ungainly," highlighting a lack of grace or coordination.
Conclusion
Understanding these words enhances vocabulary and comprehension. Option 'A' correctly defines "nosey" as inquisitive and "gawky" as awkward, making it the right choice among the options presented.

The only occasion when Sophie got to see Danny Casey in person was when the family went to watch United on Saturday. Sophie, her father and little Derek went down near the goal. Geoff went with his mates higher up. United won two-nil. Her idol Casey drove in the second goal. She saw the Irish genius going round two big defenders on the edge of penalty area. He beat the hesitant goal keeper from a dozen yards. Sophie glowed with pride. She was very happy.

Barton is a modern writer, who lives in Zurich and writes in English. His stories are based on problems concerning adolescents. In 'Going Places', Barton explores the subject of adolescent fantasising and hero worship. The whole story is about unrealistic dreams that have little possibility of coming true.

Literary devices in the lesson

Metaphorical expressions and slangs are the literary devices used in the lesson.

Metaphorical expressions
- Metaphors are used in the lesson to create vivid images in the minds of the readers. For example, "her eyes were daggers" is a metaphor that describes the intensity of the woman's stare. Other examples of metaphors in the lesson include "a heart of stone", "a snake in the grass", and "a bolt from the blue".

Slangs
- Slangs are informal words and phrases that are not typically used in formal writing. In the lesson, slangs are used to create a sense of realism and to convey the personality of the characters. For example, "ain't" is used instead of "is not", "gonna" is used instead of "going to", and "gimme" is used instead of "give me". These slangs give the dialogue a more natural and colloquial feel.

Importance of literary devices
- The use of literary devices in the lesson helps to create a more engaging and memorable reading experience for the readers. Metaphors and slangs add depth and complexity to the characters and their interactions, making them more relatable and human. Additionally, the use of literary devices can help to emphasize key themes and ideas in the lesson, such as the dangers of pride and the power of deceit.

In conclusion, metaphors and slangs are the literary devices used in the lesson. These devices help to create a more engaging and memorable reading experience, and add depth and complexity to the characters and their interactions.

Sophie had cooked up the story of her meeting with Danny Casey to impress Geoff who was a great fan of the football prodigy. So when Geoff told Jansie, Sophie cursed him because she knew Jansie would spread her story in the entire neighbourhood.

Explanation:

The given sentence states that "On Saturday they made their weekly pilgrimage to the United." From the given options, the correct answer is option 'D', which states that they went to the United dutifully with a lot of devotion. Let's analyze the sentence to understand why option 'D' is the correct answer.

1. Understanding the Context:
- The sentence mentions that it was Saturday and they made their weekly pilgrimage.
- The term "pilgrimage" implies a journey made for religious or spiritual purposes.
- The phrase "to the United" suggests that they are going to a place called "United."

2. Pilgrimage and Devotion:
- The term "pilgrimage" is associated with religious or spiritual journeys, indicating a strong sense of devotion.
- People often undertake pilgrimages as a way to show their religious or spiritual dedication and seek blessings.

3. Weekly Pilgrimage:
- The use of the term "weekly" indicates that this is a regular occurrence for them.
- It suggests that they have committed to making this journey every week, emphasizing their devotion.

4. The United:
- The phrase "to the United" indicates that there is a specific place called "United" to which they are going.
- The capitalization of "United" suggests that it may be a proper noun, possibly referring to a religious or spiritual location.

5. Devotion and Going to the United:
- Option 'D' states that they went to the United dutifully with a lot of devotion.
- This option aligns with the context of the sentence, where they are making a weekly pilgrimage, demonstrating their religious or spiritual devotion.
- The use of the word "dutifully" suggests a sense of obligation and commitment, further emphasizing their dedication.

Based on the analysis of the sentence, option 'D' is the most appropriate answer as it captures the religious or spiritual devotion associated with the weekly pilgrimage to the United.

When Jansie met Sophie, she asked her about the meeting of Danny Casey. Though Sophie got surprised and damned her brother Geoff, yet she called it something special between them. Something secret but not Jansie type Jansie promised to keep it a secret. Sophie told it was a little thing, she asked for an autograph but neither had a pen.

Jansie and Sophie are classmates and friends, their approach to life is completely different from each other. While Jansie is practical and grounded to reality, Sophie lives in a make-believe world of her own, which she ‘invents’ in her imagination.

Sophie has been portrayed as the central character in the story ‘Going Places’. She perfectly represents the girls of her age who live in poor families.

Sophie and her family are fans of football. Here's the explanation:

Football:
- Sophie and her family are fans of football, which is evident from the fact that they are mentioned as fans of a particular sport.
- Football is a popular sport played and watched by millions of people around the world.
- It is a team sport that involves two teams of eleven players each, competing against each other to score goals by kicking a ball into the opposing team's net.
- Football matches are typically played on a rectangular field called a pitch, with the objective of outscoring the opponent within a specified time period.
- The sport is known for its high energy and fast-paced action, making it a thrilling and entertaining game to watch.
- Many people develop a passion for football and become loyal fans of their favorite teams and players.
- Sophie and her family have chosen football as their preferred sport, indicating that they enjoy watching and supporting football matches.
- Being fans of football, they may follow their favorite teams, watch matches, discuss tactics and strategies, and engage in friendly banter with fans of rival teams.
- Football offers a sense of community and camaraderie among its fans, as they come together to support their teams, share their passion, and celebrate victories.
- Sophie and her family may attend live matches at stadiums, watch games on television, or participate in fantasy football leagues.
- By being fans of football, Sophie and her family join a global community of football enthusiasts who share a common love for the sport.

In summary, Sophie and her family are fans of football, indicating their preference for this popular team sport. They enjoy watching matches, supporting their favorite teams, and engaging with other football enthusiasts.

Sophie was jealous of her brother’s silence and wanted him to confide in her. She thought he knew about things and had been to places she had never been to and this fascinated her. She longed to know more about these things from her brother and, thus, craved for his affection, hoping that he would then take her to those places with him.

Danny Casey played for Ireland.

Sophie, like most girls of her age, enjoyed living in her world of dreams which provided to her the refuge she needed from her middle – class reality. Through her dream world she visualised for herself a life that she would like to lead. Her imagination drew into her life all the things she desired and people she idolised but could never make a part of her real life. Sophie dreams of having her own boutique after she leaves school, a boutique which will be the most amazing in the city. Becoming an actress or a fashion designer is also her dream. She was conscious of a vast world which waited for her and she was very sure that she would adjust easily in that world. In her dream world, Sophie dreams of meeting the sensational footballer Danny Casey. She even fixes a date with him and actually travels to that place and waits for him to come. In her world of fantasy, Sophie moves rapidly from one dream to another through the leaps of her mind.

Sophie's reply to Jansie:

Sophie's reply to Jansie was that she will become an actress or a manager to realize her dream. This means that Sophie has aspirations to work in the entertainment industry or in a managerial role.

Reasoning behind Sophie's reply:

1. Interest in acting: Sophie might have a passion for acting and wants to pursue a career in the field. This could be due to her love for performing, storytelling, and the desire to explore different characters and emotions.

2. Desire for creative expression: Acting allows individuals to express themselves creatively. Sophie may feel that acting provides her with a platform to showcase her talents and skills while also connecting with audiences on an emotional level.

3. Opportunity for personal growth: Pursuing a career in acting can offer Sophie the chance to grow personally and professionally. She may believe that the challenges and experiences she would encounter as an actress can help her develop confidence, communication skills, and a better understanding of herself.

4. Managerial aspirations: Sophie's reply also includes the option of becoming a manager. This suggests that she is interested in the business side of the entertainment industry. She may have a knack for organization, leadership, and decision-making, which could make her well-suited for a managerial role in the industry.

5. Entrepreneurial ambitions: Sophie's reply does not limit her options to just being an actress or a manager. She might also consider opening her own boutique or office in the future. This indicates that she has an entrepreneurial spirit and is open to exploring various avenues to achieve her dream.

In summary, Sophie's reply to Jansie reveals her interest in acting and her desire to work in the entertainment industry. She also shows a potential interest in managerial roles and entrepreneurship, which highlights her versatility and ambition in pursuing her dream.

Sophie is described as a daydreamer. This means that she often gets lost in her own thoughts and imagination, and may have difficulty staying focused on the present moment. Let's explore this further and understand what it means to be a daydreamer.

Daydreamer:
A daydreamer is someone who frequently engages in vivid, detailed fantasies or thoughts while awake. They often create scenarios or situations in their mind, which may or may not be based on reality. Daydreaming can be a form of escapism or a way to explore one's creativity. It allows the individual to mentally detach themselves from their current surroundings and enter a world of their own imagination.

Characteristics of a daydreamer:

1. Imagination: Daydreamers often have vivid imaginations and are able to create detailed scenarios in their mind. They may come up with elaborate stories, fantasies, or alternate realities.

2. Distracted: Daydreamers can easily become distracted from their immediate surroundings or tasks at hand. They may find it difficult to concentrate on mundane or repetitive activities, as their mind tends to wander.

3. Creativity: Daydreaming is often associated with creativity. Many artists, writers, and musicians are known to be daydreamers, as they draw inspiration from their imaginative thoughts and fantasies.

4. Reflective: Daydreamers tend to be introspective and reflective individuals. They may spend a significant amount of time thinking about their own thoughts, feelings, and experiences.

5. Emotional depth: Daydreamers often have a rich emotional inner life. They may experience intense emotions during their daydreams, which can range from joy and excitement to sadness or longing.

6. Difficulty with focus: Due to their tendency to daydream, individuals may struggle with maintaining focus on tasks that require sustained attention or concentration. This can sometimes lead to difficulties in academic or professional settings.

7. Sense of wonder: Daydreamers often have a childlike sense of wonder and curiosity about the world. They may find joy in exploring their own imagination and discovering new ideas or possibilities.

Conclusion:
Sophie, being a daydreamer, possesses many of these characteristics. She is likely to have a vivid imagination, may become easily distracted, and often engages in introspective thinking. While daydreaming can be seen as a positive trait, it can also have its drawbacks, such as difficulty with focus. Nonetheless, being a daydreamer can contribute to one's creativity, emotional depth, and sense of wonder.

Sophie's father can be considered a hard core realistic person because of his practical and pragmatic approach to life. Here are the reasons why this answer is correct:

1. Realistic approach: Sophie's father is portrayed as someone who does not believe in fantasies or unrealistic dreams. He is rational and logical in his thinking, always basing his decisions on facts and reality. This is evident in the way he advises Sophie to focus on her studies and not get carried away by her imagination.

2. Practicality: Sophie's father values practicality and practical solutions to problems. He believes in taking action and finding practical solutions rather than dwelling on idealistic or impractical ideas. This can be seen when he encourages Sophie to pursue a career in medicine, which he considers a practical and stable profession.

3. Lack of sentimentality: Sophie's father does not appear to be overly sentimental or emotional. He is not swayed by sentimental or romantic notions and instead focuses on what is practical and logical. This is evident in his reaction to Sophie's dreams of becoming a writer, where he advises her to consider a more stable and secure career path.

4. Focus on responsibilities: Sophie's father is depicted as someone who takes his responsibilities seriously. He prioritizes his role as a parent and wants what is best for Sophie's future. This is reflected in his emphasis on her education and career choices that will provide her with stability and success.

In summary, Sophie's father can be described as a hard core realistic person due to his practical, logical, and rational approach to life. He values practicality, lacks sentimentality, and focuses on responsibilities, making decisions based on what is realistic rather than idealistic.

Sophie gets angry with her brother because he revealed her secret to Jansie's brother. This incident causes Sophie to feel betrayed and violated, leading to her anger towards her brother. Here's a detailed explanation:

Background:
Sophie and her brother have a sibling relationship, which is typically characterized by love, trust, and support. However, in this particular situation, Sophie's brother does something that goes against the principles of trust and confidentiality, leading to her anger.

Explanation:
1. Revealing a secret: Sophie's brother reveals her secret to Jansie's brother, which is a breach of trust. Secrets are usually meant to be kept confidential, and sharing them without consent can be considered a betrayal.
2. Violation of privacy: By revealing Sophie's secret, her brother violates her privacy. Sophie may have trusted her brother with this information, and the fact that he shared it without her permission can make her feel exposed and vulnerable.
3. Lack of consideration: Sophie's brother's actions demonstrate a lack of consideration for her feelings and well-being. He prioritizes sharing the secret over maintaining Sophie's trust and respecting her boundaries.
4. Sense of betrayal: Sophie may feel betrayed by her brother's actions. Betrayal can evoke strong emotions, including anger, hurt, and disappointment. Sophie trusted her brother to keep her secret, and his decision to share it undermines that trust.
5. Emotional response: Anger is a common emotional response to feelings of betrayal and violation. Sophie's anger towards her brother may be a result of her feeling hurt, disrespected, and let down by someone she expected to support and protect her.

In conclusion, Sophie gets angry with her brother because he revealed her secret to Jansie's brother, causing her to feel betrayed, violated, and hurt. Trust and confidentiality are important aspects of any relationship, and when these principles are compromised, it can lead to anger and a breakdown of trust.

Answer:

Introduction:
In the story "The Third and Final Continent" by Jhumpa Lahiri, Jansie is Sophie's roommate in London. Jansie is a practical and sensible person who advises Sophie to be realistic and not to dream big.

Body:

1. Jansie's Practicality:
Jansie is portrayed as a practical and down-to-earth person in the story. She has a realistic approach towards life and believes in making practical choices rather than indulging in dreams and fantasies.

2. Jansie's Advice to Sophie:
Jansie advises Sophie to be sensible and not to dream big. She tells Sophie that dreaming big can lead to disappointment and frustration in the long run. Instead, Jansie suggests that Sophie should focus on practical goals and aspirations.

3. Jansie's Concern for Sophie:
Jansie's advice to Sophie stems from her concern for her friend. She wants Sophie to have a stable and secure future, and she believes that being sensible and practical will help her achieve that.

4. Jansie's Realistic Outlook:
Jansie's realistic outlook is also evident in her own life choices. She decides to marry an Indian man and settle down in Calcutta, as it offers stability and security. Jansie's decision reflects her practical nature and desire for a secure future.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Jansie advises Sophie to be sensible and not to dream big. Jansie's practicality and realistic outlook on life lead her to believe that focusing on practical goals and aspirations is the key to a stable and secure future.

Explanation:
To understand the correct answer, let's analyze the given statement:
"Words had to be prized out of him like stones out of a ground."

i. It was difficult to speak to him:
This option suggests that the person was not easily approachable or open to conversation. However, the given statement implies that the person does speak, but it is difficult to extract information from him.

ii. It was difficult to locate him in a shop:
This option is unrelated to the given statement. The difficulty lies in extracting information from the person, not in finding him in a specific location.

iii. It was difficult to locate him in a factory:
Similar to the previous option, this choice is unrelated to the given statement. The difficulty lies in extracting information from the person, not in locating him within a factory setting.

iv. It was difficult to get information out of him:
This option aligns perfectly with the given statement. The phrase "words had to be prized out of him like stones out of a ground" implies that extracting information from the person is challenging, just as it is difficult to dig out stones from the ground. This indicates that the person is reluctant to share information or express themselves, making it hard to obtain the desired information.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D' - It was difficult to get information out of him.

Going Places is a short story by A. R. Barton which presents the perceptions, dreams and desires of an adolescent girl. The readers get a glimpse in the life of the protagonist, Sophie: her relationship with her friends and family, her socio-economic position and her dreams and fantasies.

Geoff never spoke much. Sophie always pondered over the areas of his life which he never talked about. His world remained a fascination for her. She felt that when he was not speaking, his mind was away at some unknown place, and so she felt jealous of him.

Sophie has been portrayed as the central character in the story ‘Going Places’. She perfectly represents the girls of her age who live in poor families. Sophie always lives in a dream world, dreaming impossible things. The opening scene of the story clearly tells what sort of girl she is. She is not ready to accept the reality of her family’s condition and dreams of having a boutique of her own.