All questions of Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context for Humanities/Arts Exam

The most backward area of Himachal Pradesh is Bharmaur.

Geographical Location
Bharmaur, also known as Bharmour, is a small town located in the Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. It is situated at an altitude of around 2,195 meters above sea level in the Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas.

Accessibility
Bharmaur is relatively difficult to access due to its remote location and challenging terrain. The nearest town, Chamba, is about 65 kilometers away, and the road leading to Bharmaur is narrow and winding, making transportation challenging.

Economic Development
Bharmaur is primarily an agricultural area, with the majority of the population engaged in farming and animal husbandry. However, due to its remote location, the area lacks modern infrastructure and access to markets, hindering economic development. Limited access to education and healthcare facilities further contributes to the backwardness of the region.

Social Indicators
The level of education in Bharmaur is relatively low compared to other areas of Himachal Pradesh. The literacy rate is lower, and the number of educational institutions is limited. This lack of educational opportunities hampers the overall development of the region.

Healthcare Facilities
Access to healthcare facilities is also a challenge in Bharmaur. The region has limited medical infrastructure, with only a few primary health centers available. In case of serious medical conditions, residents often have to travel long distances to reach well-equipped hospitals in Chamba or other nearby towns.

Infrastructure and Connectivity
Bharmaur faces infrastructure challenges, particularly in terms of road connectivity, electricity, and communication networks. The region has limited access to electricity, and power cuts are common. The road network, although improving, is still inadequate, making transportation and connectivity difficult.

Tourism Potential
Despite its backwardness, Bharmaur has significant tourism potential. The region is known for its ancient temples, including the famous Chaurasi Temple complex, which attracts pilgrims and tourists. However, the lack of proper infrastructure and promotion hampers the growth of tourism in the area.

In conclusion, Bharmaur in Himachal Pradesh is considered the most backward area due to its challenging geographical location, limited economic development, inadequate educational and healthcare facilities, lack of infrastructure, and connectivity issues. However, efforts to improve these conditions and tap into the region's tourism potential could help uplift Bharmaur in the future.

1987

Regional Planning

Regional planning is the type of planning that is aimed at reducing regional imbalance in development. It is a comprehensive approach to development that takes into account the uneven pattern of development over space and aims to create a more balanced and equitable distribution of resources, infrastructure, and opportunities across different regions.

Uneven Pattern of Development

The uneven pattern of development refers to the fact that different regions within a country or a larger geographical area may have varying levels of economic, social, and infrastructural development. Some regions may be more developed with better infrastructure, higher economic activity, and greater access to services and opportunities, while others may be relatively underdeveloped, lacking in basic amenities and opportunities for growth.

Spatial Perspective

Planners need to have a spatial perspective in order to understand the geographical disparities and challenges that exist within a region. This involves analyzing the distribution of resources, population, economic activities, and infrastructure across different areas and identifying the areas that are lagging behind in terms of development. By adopting a spatial perspective, planners can gain insights into the specific needs and potential of different regions, allowing them to create more effective and targeted development plans.

Reducing Regional Imbalance

The main objective of regional planning is to reduce regional imbalance in development. This involves formulating strategies and policies that aim to bridge the gap between developed and underdeveloped regions, ensuring that every region has access to basic amenities, infrastructure, and opportunities for growth. Regional planning seeks to promote balanced and sustainable development by allocating resources and investments in a way that benefits all regions and minimizes regional disparities.

Conclusion

In summary, regional planning is the type of planning that is necessary to address the uneven pattern of development over space and reduce regional imbalance. By adopting a spatial perspective and drawing plans that take into account the specific needs and potential of different regions, planners can work towards creating a more balanced and equitable distribution of resources, infrastructure, and opportunities, ultimately leading to more sustainable and inclusive development.

Explanation:

System of equal distribution of canal water is an important aspect of irrigation management. It ensures that every farmer in the command area of the outlet gets an equal share of water. This system is achieved through various methods like Waranbandi, Naranballi, and Hissabandi.

Waranbandi:
Waranbandi is a system of water distribution where the water is distributed equally among the farmers in the command area of the outlet. In this system, the total available water is divided into equal parts based on the number of farmers in the area. Each farmer is then given a specific time to irrigate their fields. The time is calculated based on the size of the land and the amount of water required for irrigation.

Naranballi:
Naranballi is another system of water distribution where the water is distributed based on the size of the land and the amount of water required for irrigation. In this system, the available water is divided into equal parts based on the size of the land owned by the farmers. The farmers with larger land holdings get more water than the farmers with smaller land holdings.

Hissabandi:
Hissabandi is a system of water distribution where the water is distributed based on the amount of water required for irrigation. In this system, the available water is distributed among the farmers based on the amount of water required for irrigation. The farmers who require more water get more water than the farmers who require less water.

Conclusion:
Out of the above three systems of water distribution, Waranbandi ensures equal distribution of canal water in the command area of the outlet. This is achieved by dividing the total available water into equal parts and giving each farmer a specific time to irrigate their fields. This system ensures that every farmer in the command area gets an equal share of water and is thus fair to all.

The irrigation in the Command Area was started in the mid-1980s.

The command area refers to the area of land that is served by a particular irrigation project. In the context of this question, it refers to the area where irrigation was implemented.

Background:
Irrigation is the process of artificially supplying water to agricultural land in order to support crop growth. It is an essential practice in areas where rainfall is insufficient to meet the water requirements of crops. Irrigation systems can vary in scale and complexity, ranging from small-scale systems such as sprinklers to large-scale projects involving dams, canals, and reservoirs.

Explanation:
In the context of the question, the mid-1980s is identified as the period when irrigation in the command area was initiated. However, without additional information, it is difficult to provide specific details regarding the reasons or circumstances that led to the implementation of irrigation in the command area during this time.

It is worth noting that the development and implementation of irrigation projects are often influenced by various factors such as the availability of water resources, technological advancements, government policies, and the need to increase agricultural productivity. These factors can vary from region to region and may have contributed to the decision to start irrigation in the command area during the mid-1980s.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the irrigation in the command area was started in the mid-1980s. While additional information would be needed to provide a more comprehensive explanation, it is likely that factors such as water availability and agricultural needs played a role in the decision to implement irrigation during this period.