All questions of Climax And Disintegration of Mughal Empire I for BPSC (Bihar) Exam

1.3 and4 only

C) Farming the land revenue to the highest bidder

The Koh-i-Noor Diamond and its Journey from India

The Koh-i-Noor diamond, one of the most famous and historically significant gemstones, has a long and intriguing history. It is believed to have originated in the Golconda mines of India, which were known for producing some of the world's most exceptional diamonds. The diamond changed hands several times over the centuries, but its most significant journey began in the 18th century.

The Invasion of Delhi
During the 18th century, India was under the rule of the Mughal Empire. In 1739, the Persian ruler Nadir Shah invaded India and sacked the city of Delhi. This invasion, known as the invasion of Delhi, was a significant event in the history of the subcontinent.

Nadir Shah and the Koh-i-Noor Diamond
Nadir Shah was a shrewd and ambitious ruler who had his eyes on the wealth and treasures of India. When he captured Delhi, he laid claim to its vast riches, including the Koh-i-Noor diamond. The diamond was among the spoils of war that Nadir Shah seized from the Mughals.

The Journey of the Koh-i-Noor Diamond
After capturing the Koh-i-Noor diamond, Nadir Shah took it back to Persia, where it became a part of the Persian royal treasury. It remained in Persia for several decades, passing through the hands of different rulers.

In the early 19th century, the Persian shah, Shah Shuja Durrani, was overthrown by his half-brother, Mahmud Shah. In the chaos that ensued, the Koh-i-Noor diamond was lost. It resurfaced in 1813 when Shuja Durrani's family escaped from Afghanistan to the Punjab region of India.

The British Acquisition
In 1849, the British East India Company defeated the Sikh Empire and annexed the Punjab region. As part of the Treaty of Lahore, the British acquired the Koh-i-Noor diamond from the young Maharaja Duleep Singh, the last ruler of the Sikh Empire. The diamond was then presented to Queen Victoria.

Controversy and Legacy
The Koh-i-Noor diamond has been a subject of controversy and dispute between India and Britain. Many Indians believe that the diamond was unjustly taken from India and should be returned. However, the British government has maintained that the diamond was obtained legally and is now a part of the British Crown Jewels.

In conclusion
The Koh-i-Noor diamond was taken from India during the invasion of Delhi by Nadir Shah in the 18th century. It then went through a series of ownership changes, ultimately ending up in the possession of the British East India Company and later the British Crown. The diamond's journey is a testament to the complex and intertwined history of India, Persia, and Britain.

Statement 1: Nobles became very powerful, sometimes even more influential than the Mughal Emperor himself.

After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the Mughal Empire started to decline and the power dynamics within the court underwent significant changes. The nobles, also known as the Mansabdars, played an increasingly important role in the political landscape. They were appointed by the emperor to various administrative and military positions and held significant power and influence.

With the decline of the Mughal Empire, the nobles found themselves in a position to exert more authority and control. They often became powerful regional rulers and were able to amass wealth and resources. In some cases, they even became more influential than the Mughal Emperor himself. This was particularly evident during the later years of the Mughal Empire when weak emperors were often manipulated and controlled by the nobles.

Statement 2: Marathas and Rajpoots were selectively favoured by the nobles.

During this period, the nobles started to align themselves with different regional powers, including the Marathas and Rajputs. These groups were selectively favored by the nobles due to their military strength and political influence.

The Marathas, under the leadership of Shivaji and later his successors, had established a powerful kingdom in western India. They had a strong military and were known for their guerrilla warfare tactics. The nobles saw the Marathas as potential allies and often supported their cause in order to strengthen their own position.

Similarly, the Rajputs were a prominent warrior caste in North India. They had a long history of military prowess and were known for their loyalty to the Mughal Empire. The nobles often favored the Rajputs due to their military capabilities and their strategic location in the northern regions of the empire.

Statement 3: Mughal Emperors became puppets of their own nobles, who in turn became the Kingmakers.

As the power of the nobles increased, the Mughal emperors started to become puppets in the hands of their own nobles. Weak emperors were easily manipulated and controlled by the powerful nobles who sought to further their own interests. The nobles often played a key role in the selection and installation of emperors, effectively becoming the kingmakers of the Mughal Empire.

The decline of the Mughal Empire and the increasing power of the nobles led to a shift in the power dynamics within the court. The nobles became more influential, selectively favored certain regional powers, and even controlled the emperor. This marked a significant change in the political landscape of Delhi court after the death of Aurangzeb in 1707.

Therefore, all three statements are correct.