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All questions of Climax And Disintegration of Mughal Empire II for BPSC (Bihar) Exam

Who was the commander-in-chief of the Maratha forces in Shivaji's administration?
  • a)
    The Samant
  • b)
    The Senapati
  • c)
    The Nayayadhisha
  • d)
    The Pandit Rao
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Shraddha Basak answered
Senapati
The Senapati was the commander-in-chief of the Maratha forces in Shivaji's administration. This position was crucial in overseeing the military operations and strategies of the Maratha army. Here is some more information about the role of the Senapati in Shivaji's administration:

Responsibilities of the Senapati:
- The Senapati was responsible for leading the Maratha army in battles and campaigns.
- They played a key role in planning military strategies and tactics to ensure the success of the Maratha forces.
- The Senapati also had the responsibility of training and organizing the soldiers under their command.

Importance of the Senapati:
- The Senapati held a position of great authority and influence in Shivaji's administration.
- They were crucial in maintaining the military strength of the Maratha empire and expanding its territories through successful military campaigns.
- The Senapati played a vital role in safeguarding the interests of the Maratha kingdom and protecting it from external threats.

Key Duties:
- Leading the Maratha army in battles and campaigns
- Planning military strategies and tactics
- Training and organizing the soldiers
- Safeguarding the interests of the Maratha kingdom
In conclusion, the Senapati was a key figure in Shivaji's administration, responsible for overseeing the military operations and ensuring the success and security of the Maratha empire through effective leadership and strategic planning.

Which army did Shivaji defeat in 1659?
  • a)
    British
  • b)
    Portuguese
  • c)
    Bijapur
  • d)
    Mughal
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Kapoor answered
In 1659, Shivaji defeated an army sent against him by Bijapur. This victory established him as an independent ruler at Pune in present Maharashtra state.

Which of the following statements is true about Shivaji's system of administration?
  • a)
    It was entirely original and unique to the Maratha Empire
  • b)
    It was borrowed from the administrative practices of the Deccan states
  • c)
    It was influenced by the Mughal administrative system
  • d)
    It was based on ancient Indian texts and scriptures
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Shraddha Basak answered
Explanation:

Origins of Shivaji's System of Administration:
- Shivaji's system of administration was not entirely original and unique to the Maratha Empire.
- It was actually borrowed from the administrative practices of the Deccan states.

Deccan States Influence:
- Shivaji's administration was influenced by the administrative systems of the Deccan states.
- He adopted several administrative practices from these states and modified them to suit the needs of the Maratha Empire.

Reasons for the Influence:
- The Deccan states had well-established administrative systems that were efficient and effective.
- Shivaji recognized the strengths of these systems and incorporated them into his own administration.

Differences from Mughal System:
- Shivaji's system of administration differed from the Mughal administrative system.
- While the Mughals had a centralized administrative structure, Shivaji's system was more decentralized and focused on local governance.

Ancient Indian Texts Influence:
- While Shivaji's system was primarily influenced by the Deccan states, it also drew inspiration from ancient Indian texts and scriptures.
- He incorporated principles of governance from these texts to create a system that was both efficient and rooted in Indian traditions.
In conclusion, Shivaji's system of administration was not entirely original but was borrowed and adapted from the administrative practices of the Deccan states, with influences from ancient Indian texts. This combination of influences helped Shivaji create an effective and unique administrative system for the Maratha Empire.

In which year did Aurangzeb annex the state of Bijapur to the Mughal Empire?
  • a)
    1682
  • b)
    1686
  • c)
    1707
  • d)
    1710
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Shraddha Basak answered
Annexation of Bijapur by Aurangzeb

Year of Annexation
- Aurangzeb annexed the state of Bijapur to the Mughal Empire in 1686.

Background
- Bijapur was one of the Deccan Sultanates located in the southern part of India.
- Aurangzeb, the Mughal emperor, aimed to expand his empire and consolidate his power in the Deccan region.

Reasons for Annexation
- Aurangzeb sought to extend Mughal control over the Deccan region to eliminate any potential threats from neighboring states.
- Bijapur was strategically important due to its wealth and resources, making it a valuable addition to the Mughal Empire.

Conquest of Bijapur
- Aurangzeb launched a military campaign against Bijapur in 1686, leading to the annexation of the state.
- The Mughal forces under Aurangzeb's command successfully defeated the Bijapur Sultanate, bringing it under Mughal control.

Impact
- The annexation of Bijapur strengthened Aurangzeb's hold over the Deccan region, further expanding the Mughal Empire.
- It also allowed Aurangzeb to exert greater influence and control over the political landscape of southern India.
In conclusion, Aurangzeb's annexation of Bijapur in 1686 played a significant role in the expansion of the Mughal Empire and the consolidation of power in the Deccan region.

Which of the following statements is true about the decline of the Mughal Empire after Aurangzeb's death?
  • a)
    It collapsed immediately after his death
  • b)
    It led to chaos and disorder in all regions
  • c)
    An autonomous regional political order emerged within the Mughal institutional framework
  • d)
    The symbols of the empire disappeared completely
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Reddy answered
Although there was chaos in some regions after Aurangzeb's death, an autonomous regional political order emerged broadly within the Mughal institutional framework. The symbols of the empire outlived the demise of its de facto power, and it took about 40 years for the Mughal Empire to collapse completely.

 Who was responsible for distributing money among Brahmins from the charity fund in Shivaji's administration?
  • a)
    Peshwa
  • b)
    Amatya
  • c)
    Waqia Navis
  • d)
    Pandit Rao
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

The Pandit Rao, or Sadar, was in charge of ecclesiastical affairs in Shivaji's administration. He distributed money among the Brahmins from the charity fund.

Which of the following factors led to the decline of the Mughal Empire?
  • a)
    Aurangzeb's orthodox policies
  • b)
    Economic growth of local regions
  • c)
    Rebellion and resistance from regional powers
  • d)
    All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanjay Rana answered
The decline of the Mughal Empire was caused by multiple factors, including Aurangzeb's orthodox policies, economic growth of local regions, and rebellion and resistance from regional powers like the Marathas, Jats, and Sikhs.

What was the main reason for the tragic end of Aurangzeb's rule?
  • a)
    His orthodox policies
  • b)
    His lengthy campaign in the Deccan
  • c)
    Rebellion and resistance from regional powers
  • d)
    All of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Aurangzeb's 25-year-long campaign in the Deccan drained his resources and loosened his grip on the north, ultimately leading to his tragic end in 1707 at Ahamadnagar and the subsequent decline of the Mughal Empire.

Who was Shivaji Bhonsle?
  • a)
    Founder of India's Maratha State
  • b)
    Muslim ruler of Bijapur
  • c)
    Hindu Maratha warrior
  • d)
    Mughal emperor
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Nilesh Patel answered
Shivaji Bhonsle was the founder of India's Maratha State. He was born in 1627 to a Hindu officer in the service of the Muslim sultan of Bijapur. He later became the leader of the Hindu Maratha people in their struggle against Muslim domination.

When did Shivaji proclaim himself king?
  • a)
    1659
  • b)
    1660
  • c)
    1674
  • d)
    1680
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Kapoor answered
Shivaji proclaimed himself king in 1674 after pushing as far north as Surat. He established a government that included modern concepts such as cabinet (Ashtapradhan mandal), foreign affairs (Dabir), and internal intelligence.

Who among the following was the chief minister in Shivaji's Council of Ministers?
  • a)
    Peshwa
  • b)
    Amatya
  • c)
    Waqia Navis
  • d)
    Surunavis
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanjay Rana answered
The Peshwa was the chief minister in Shivaji's Council of Ministers (Ashtapradhan). He was responsible for general administration and was directly responsible to the ruler.

Which of the following ministers was responsible for intelligence, posts, and household affairs in Shivaji's administration?
  • a)
    Peshwa
  • b)
    Amatya
  • c)
    Waqia Navis
  • d)
    Surunavis
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanjay Rana answered
The Waqia Navis was responsible for intelligence, posts, and household affairs in Shivaji's administration. He played a crucial role in maintaining internal security and gathering information about enemies.

What was the primary objective of Aurangzeb's Deccan wars?
  • a)
    To annex the states of Bijapur and Golconda
  • b)
    To spread Islam in the Deccan region
  • c)
    To weaken the Maratha Empire
  • d)
    To establish diplomatic ties with the Deccan states
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanjay Rana answered
The primary objective of Aurangzeb's Deccan wars was to conquer the states of Bijapur and Golconda and crush the power of the Marathas. He believed that the existence of these states enabled the Marathas to enrich themselves and pose a threat to the Mughal Empire.

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