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All questions of Fundamentals Of Human Geography for Humanities/Arts Exam

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What is an example of a crop that is dominated by intensive subsidence agriculture?
  • a)
    Maize
  • b)
    Paddy
  • c)
    Sugarcane
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Arun Yadav answered
There are two types of the intensive subsistence agriculture. One is dominated by wet paddy and the other is dominated by crops other than paddy, e.g., wheat, pulses, maize, millets, sorghum, kaoling, soya-beans, tubers and vegetables.

How many of the ten most populous countries are located in Asia?
  • a)
    5
  • b)
    6
  • c)
    10
  • d)
    8
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Arnab Gupta answered
Asia and Its Population

Asia is the largest continent in the world, covering an area of 44,579,000 square kilometers. It is home to more than half of the world's population, with 4.5 billion people living in the region. The continent is divided into several regions, including Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and West Asia, each with its unique cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity.

Ten Most Populous Countries in Asia

According to the United Nations, the ten most populous countries in Asia are:

1. China - 1,439,323,776
2. India - 1,380,004,385
3. Indonesia - 273,523,615
4. Pakistan - 220,892,340
5. Bangladesh - 164,689,383
6. Japan - 126,476,461
7. Philippines - 109,581,078
8. Vietnam - 97,338,579
9. Iran - 84,927,000
10. Turkey - 84,339,067

How Many of the Ten Most Populous Countries Are Located in Asia?

To answer this question, we need to know the total number of countries in the top ten list that are located in Asia. The correct answer is option 'B', which means six out of the top ten most populous countries in Asia are located on the continent. These six countries are:

1. China
2. India
3. Indonesia
4. Pakistan
5. Bangladesh
6. Japan

Conclusion

In conclusion, Asia is the most populous continent in the world, with more than half of the world's population residing in the region. The top ten most populous countries in Asia are China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, Iran, and Turkey. Out of these ten countries, six are located in Asia, making option 'B' the correct answer.

How many sets of factors influence migration?
  • a)
    Two
  • b)
    Three
  • c)
    Four
  • d)
    Five
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Two sets of factors influence migration . one is push factors and the second one is pull factors.

push factors- they make place of origin seems to be less attractive.reasons - unemployment, poor health and medical facilities, epidemics, political unstability , unpleasant climate and more on.

pull factors- they make place of destination seems to be more attractive.reasons- better employment opportunities, good health medical and educational facilities, peace , pleasant climate , security of life and property, better transport and communication system etc.

What is the reach of geography?
  • a)
    Comprehensive
  • b)
    Extensive
  • c)
    Numerous
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Harsh Chawla answered
Geography is the study of the earth's physical features, environment, and human societies. It is an extensive field that covers a range of topics, including physical geography, human geography, environmental geography, and more. The reach of geography can be understood in the following ways:

Comprehensive Reach:
Geography is a comprehensive subject that covers a range of topics, including physical features, climate, vegetation, landforms, natural resources, human societies, culture, economics, politics, and more. It provides a holistic understanding of the world we live in and how it functions.

Extensive Reach:
Geography has an extensive reach that covers the entire world. It studies the physical features of the earth, including oceans, mountains, and rivers, as well as the human societies that inhabit these regions. It helps us understand how different regions are interconnected and how they impact each other.

Numerous Applications:
Geography has numerous applications that make it an essential subject. It helps us understand the impact of climate change, natural disasters, and human activities on the environment. It also helps us make informed decisions about land use, conservation, and resource management.

Influence on Other Disciplines:
Geography has a significant influence on other disciplines, such as history, economics, sociology, and political science. It helps us understand how geography impacts human societies and how societies impact geography. It also helps us understand the historical and cultural contexts of different regions.

In conclusion, the reach of geography is extensive, and it covers a range of topics and applications. It helps us understand the world we live in and how it functions, and it has significant influence on other disciplines.

What were Early Colonial Period approaches?
  • a)
    Areal differentiation
  • b)
    Regional and Areal analysis
  • c)
    Exploration and description
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Early Colonial Period Approaches

During the early colonial period, different approaches were used to explore, describe and understand the new territories. These approaches are:

Exploration and Description
The early colonial period was marked by the exploration of new territories by European explorers. They described the land, the people, the flora and fauna, and the resources available. This was done through journals, diaries, and letters which were sent back to Europe. The explorers also created maps, which were used to navigate and claim the land.

Areal Differentiation
Areal differentiation is the process of dividing a geographic area into smaller units based on certain criteria. During the early colonial period, the Europeans used this approach to divide the land into different territories. They did this based on factors such as language, culture, and religion. This approach was used to establish colonies and to govern them.

Regional and Areal Analysis
Regional and areal analysis involves the study of the relationships between different regions. During the early colonial period, this approach was used to analyze the different territories and their relationships with each other. This helped the Europeans to understand the social, cultural, and economic dynamics of the different territories. This approach was also used to identify areas of conflict and to establish trade relations.

Conclusion
In conclusion, during the early colonial period, different approaches were used to explore, describe, and understand the new territories. These approaches include exploration and description, areal differentiation, and regional and areal analysis. These approaches were used to establish colonies, govern them, and establish trade relations.

Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Depending on the mode of occurrence and the nature of the ore, mining is of two types: surface and underground mining. The surface mining also known as open-cast mining is the easiest and the cheapest way of mining minerals that occur close to the surface. Overhead costs such as safety precautions and equipment are relatively low in this method. The output is both large and rapid. When the ore lies deep below the surface, underground mining method (shaft method) has to be used. In this method, vertical shafts have to be sunk, from where underground galleries radiate to reach the minerals. Minerals are extracted and transported to the surface through these passages. It requires specially designed lifts, drills, haulage vehicles, ventilation system for safety and efficient movement of people and material. This method is risky. Poisonous gases, fires, floods and caving in lead to fatal accidents. The developed economies are retreating from mining, processing and refining stages of production due to high labour costs, while the developing countries with large labour force and striving for higher standard of living are becoming more important. Several countries of Africa and few of south America and Asia have over fifty per cent of the earnings from minerals alone.
What is the other name of surface mining?
  • a)
    Close-cast mining
  • b)
    Open-cast mining
  • c)
    Loose-cast mining
  • d)
    Free-cast mining
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajesh Gupta answered
Open-cast mining is the other name of surface mining.

Which one of the following activities is related to quaternary sector?
  • a)
    Manufacturing computers
  • b)
    Paper and Raw pulp production
  • c)
    University teaching
  • d)
    Printing books
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ankit Kumar answered
(Correct Answer:- C)


Quaternary sector are specialized tertiary activities in the ‘Knowledge Sector’ which demands a separate classification.
The quaternary sector is the intellectual aspect of the economy. It is the process which enables entrepreneurs to innovate and improve the quality of services offered in the economy.

Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Subsistence agriculture dominated by wet paddy cultivation: This type of agriculture is characterised by dominance of the rice crop. Land holdings are very small due to the high density of population. Farmers work with the help of family labour leading to intensive use of land. Use of machinery is limited and most of the agricultural operations are done by manual labour. Farm yard manure is used to maintain the fertility of the soil. In this type of agriculture, the yield per unit area is high but per labour productivity is low.
Why is wet paddy farming subsistence?
  • a)
    Historically communities grew rice for themselves
  • b)
    Less market demands
  • c)
    Low consumption globally
  • d)
    None of the Above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjali Pillai answered
Why is wet paddy farming subsistence?

Historically communities grew rice for themselves
- Wet paddy farming, also known as rice cultivation, has been practiced by communities for centuries as a means of subsistence.
- Historically, communities grew rice primarily for their own consumption rather than for commercial purposes.
- The main goal of wet paddy farming was to ensure food security for the community, rather than generating income through market sales.

Less market demands
- Wet paddy farming is mainly subsistence-oriented due to the limited market demand for rice.
- Unlike cash crops that have a higher demand in the market, rice is a staple food in many countries and its demand is relatively stable.
- As a result, farmers engage in wet paddy farming to meet their own food requirements rather than focusing on generating surplus for sale.

Low consumption globally
- Rice is primarily consumed in the regions where it is grown, resulting in a limited global market for rice.
- While rice is a major staple in Asia, its consumption is relatively low in other parts of the world, reducing the potential market demand.
- This lack of global demand further reinforces the subsistence nature of wet paddy farming, as farmers primarily grow rice for local consumption.

None of the Above
- The correct answer is option 'A' - historically, communities grew rice for themselves.
- This choice best explains why wet paddy farming is subsistence agriculture, as it highlights the traditional practice of cultivating rice for local consumption rather than commercial purposes.
- While options 'B' and 'C' touch upon factors that contribute to the subsistence nature of wet paddy farming, they do not provide the primary reason behind it.

In conclusion, wet paddy farming is considered subsistence agriculture because historically, communities grew rice for themselves, focusing on meeting their own food requirements rather than generating surplus for sale. The limited market demand for rice and its relatively low consumption globally further reinforce the subsistence nature of wet paddy farming.

Human geography has its roots deep in what?
  • a)
    Literature
  • b)
    Mathematics
  • c)
    History
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sadiya Parween answered
See, geography has its roots in history as the process of adaptation, adjustment & modifications started from the very beginning of human lives on earth's surface. If you see the colonial period which is also a part of history, you'll get to know that exploration & description of ideas, materials, areas, etc. were a part of it which later helped in areal differentiation, spatial organization and more techniques.

What are the essential things that sprout from the body of geography?
  • a)
    Branches
  • b)
    Twigs
  • c)
    Trees
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Geography is a broad and multifaceted discipline that encompasses a wide range of topics and fields of study.
Some of the essential things that sprout from the body of geography include:
- Physical geography: This branch of geography focuses on the natural features and processes of the earth, such as landforms, climate, vegetation, and soils.
- Human geography: This branch of geography focuses on the ways in which humans interact with and shape the earth, including issues related to population, culture, economics, and urbanization.
- Environmental geography: This branch of geography focuses on the relationships between humans and the environment, including issues related to sustainability, conservation, and resource management.
- Geospatial science: This field of study involves the use of geographic technologies and techniques, such as maps, GIS (geographic information systems), and remote sensing, to study and understand the earth and its features and processes.
Overall, geography is a diverse and multifaceted discipline that encompasses a wide range of topics and fields of study, including physical geography, human geography, environmental geography, and geospatial science. These essential things sprout from the body of geography and help to shape our understanding of the earth and its features and processes.

A quinary activity is
  • a)
    advertising.
  • b)
    manufacturing.
  • c)
    transportation.
  • d)
    trade.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Akshita Saha answered
Quinary Activity in Economics

Quinary activity is a type of economic activity that involves services that are typically performed by highly educated professionals. These services are often knowledge-based and require advanced skills and education. Quinary activities are considered to be the highest level of economic activity.

Examples of Quinary Activity

Quinary activities include services such as:

1. Advertising: Advertising is an activity that involves promoting products or services to potential customers. This activity requires a high level of creativity and communication skills.

2. Research and Development: Research and development involve activities that are aimed at creating new products, processes, or services. This activity requires a high level of scientific and technical knowledge.

3. Education: Education involves activities that are aimed at imparting knowledge and skills to students. This activity requires a high level of expertise in a particular field.

4. Healthcare: Healthcare involves activities that are aimed at providing medical care to people. This activity requires a high level of medical knowledge and expertise.

5. Government: Government activities involve services that are provided by the government to its citizens. This activity requires a high level of political and administrative knowledge.

Importance of Quinary Activity

Quinary activities are important for the development of a country's economy. They are often associated with high levels of innovation and creativity, which can lead to the development of new products and services. Quinary activities also require a high level of education and expertise, which can lead to the development of a highly skilled workforce.

Conclusion

In conclusion, quinary activities are a type of economic activity that involves services that are typically performed by highly educated professionals. These activities are important for the development of a country's economy and require a high level of education and expertise. Examples of quinary activities include advertising, research and development, education, healthcare, and government.

India’s population will double itself in:
  • a)
    38 years
  • b)
    34 years
  • c)
    36 years
  • d)
    32 years
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anirudh Desai answered
The annual population growth rate in India is 1.9 per cent. At this rate India’s population of over 1 billion will double in 36 years.

In thickly forested areas and mountains, which mode of transport is best suited:
  • a)
    Land
  • b)
    Water
  • c)
    Pipeline
  • d)
    Human portage
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Preethi Sen answered
Human portage is still important in thickly-forested regions or the areas of extremely rugged terrain mountains where it is very difficult to construct roads.

According 2001 census density of population of India is
  • a)
    289 persons per sq.km.
  • b)
    327 persons per sq.km.
  • c)
    325 persons per sq.km.
  • d)
    389 persons per sq.km.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Raza Great answered
According to the 2001 Census , the density of population in India was 324 persons per sq.km, which means that now 57 more people live in a square kilometer area in the country than the number that lived a decade ago. At the beginning of the twentieth century i.e in 1901 the density of India was as low as 77 and this steadily increased from one decade to another to reach 324 in 2001. The persons living in per sq.km. has increased by 21.3 per cent in 2001 as compared to 1991.

Migrants, who move out of a place are called what?
  • a)
    Illegals
  • b)
    Immigrants
  • c)
    Emigrants
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Prasenjit Rane answered
Emigrants are individuals who leave a country or region with the intention of settling permanently in another country or region. Emigration is a process of leaving one's homeland to reside in another country. Emigrants are also known as out-migrants or simply migrants.

Reasons for Emigration
There are various reasons why people emigrate. Some of these reasons include better job opportunities, a chance to reunite with family members, political instability, war, natural disasters, and a better standard of living.

Characteristics of Emigrants
Emigrants are individuals who have left their home country or region. They may possess a wide range of skills, education levels, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Emigrants may also be of different ages, genders, and races.

Emigration Trends
Emigration has been a part of human history for centuries. In recent years, however, there has been a significant increase in the number of people who are emigrating. According to the United Nations, there are currently over 272 million international migrants worldwide.

Conclusion
Emigration is a process of leaving one's homeland to reside permanently in another country or region. Emigrants are individuals who have left their home country or region. They may have different reasons for leaving and possess a wide range of characteristics. Emigration trends have increased significantly in recent years.

What plant does Kari keep on her desk?
  • a)
    Phalaenopsis
  • b)
    Orchid
  • c)
    Lily
  • d)
    Peony
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Nandita Joshi answered
Kari keeps an orchid plant on her desk. Here's why:

Benefits of Keeping Plants on Desks
- Plants can improve air quality by removing toxins and producing oxygen.
- They can increase productivity and reduce stress levels.
- They can add a decorative touch to workspaces.

Why Kari Chose an Orchid
- Orchids are known for their beauty and elegance.
- They are low-maintenance and do not require frequent watering.
- They can thrive in indoor environments with low light.

Conclusion
Kari chose an orchid plant for her desk because it adds a touch of beauty to her workspace, requires minimal maintenance, and can thrive in low light conditions. Additionally, by keeping a plant on her desk, Kari can enjoy the benefits of improved air quality and increased productivity.

Sillicon Valley is located in the
  • a)
    north east USA.
  • b)
    central USA.
  • c)
    western USA.
  • d)
    south USA.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

The correct answer is option D because silicon valley is industrial region around the southern shores of San Francisco Bay,California, U.S.,with its intellectual centre at palo alto, home of Stanford University

What geographer introduced a concept that reflects a middle path between environmental determinism and possibilism?
  • a)
    Griffith Taylor
  • b)
    Kari
  • c)
    Caplinger
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Kajal Singh answered
Introduction
The concept that reflects a middle path between environmental determinism and possibilism was introduced by a geographer named Griffith Taylor.

Environmental Determinism
Environmental determinism is a theory that suggests that the physical environment determines human culture and behavior. It suggests that the environment is the most important factor in shaping human societies.

Possibilism
Possibilism is a theory that suggests that human beings are not entirely determined by their environment. It suggests that human beings have the ability to shape their own culture and behavior to a certain extent.

Griffith Taylor's Concept
Griffith Taylor introduced the concept of environmental possibilism. He believed that while the environment does have an impact on human culture and behavior, it does not determine it entirely. Instead, human beings have the ability to shape their own culture and behavior to a certain extent, based on their environment.

Taylor suggested that the environment provides certain possibilities for human behavior and culture, but it is ultimately up to humans to determine how they will use those possibilities. For example, he suggested that while the environment may provide certain resources, it is up to humans to determine how they will utilize those resources.

Conclusion
In conclusion, Griffith Taylor's concept of environmental possibilism suggests that while the environment does have an impact on human culture and behavior, it does not determine it entirely. Instead, humans have the ability to shape their own culture and behavior to a certain extent, based on their environment.

Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Tertiary activities are related to the service sector. Manpower is an important component of the service sector as most of the tertiary activities are performed by skilled labour, professionally trained experts and consultants. Tertiary activities include both production and exchange. The production involves the ‘provision’ of services that are ‘consumed’. The output is indirectly measured in terms of wages and salaries. Exchange involves trade, transport and communication facilities that are used to overcome distance. Tertiary activities, therefore, involve the commercial output of services rather than the production of tangible goods. They are not directly involved in the processing of physical raw materials. Common examples are the work of a plumber, electrician, technician, launderer, barber, shopkeeper, driver, cashier, teacher, doctor, lawyer and publisher, etc. The main difference between secondary activities and tertiary activities is that the expertise provided by services relies more heavily on specialised skills, experience and knowledge of the workers rather than on the production techniques, machinery and factory processes.
Q. How are primary and secondary sectors dependent on tertiary sectors?
  • a)
    Provides labour
  • b)
    Provides laws and regulation
  • c)
    Provides international services
  • d)
    Provides services for production of goods
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Yadav answered
Dependency of Primary and Secondary Sectors on Tertiary Sector
The tertiary sector plays a crucial role in supporting both primary and secondary sectors through various services that facilitate production and distribution. Here’s how the dependency manifests:
1. Provision of Services for Production
- Tertiary activities provide essential services that are critical for the functioning of primary and secondary sectors. This includes services such as transportation of raw materials, maintenance of machinery, and logistics management.
- For instance, farmers (primary sector) rely on transport services to deliver their goods to markets, while manufacturers (secondary sector) depend on skilled technicians for machinery upkeep.
2. Facilitating Exchange and Trade
- Tertiary services enable the exchange of goods produced by the primary and secondary sectors. This includes wholesale and retail services that distribute products to consumers.
- Banking and financial services, a part of the tertiary sector, support businesses in managing their finances, securing loans, and facilitating investments.
3. Support through Expertise and Knowledge
- The tertiary sector employs skilled professionals who provide specialized knowledge and expertise that enhance productivity in both primary and secondary sectors.
- For example, agricultural consultants help farmers improve crop yields, while engineers ensure efficient manufacturing processes.
4. Infrastructure Development
- The tertiary sector is involved in developing and maintaining critical infrastructure such as transportation networks, communication systems, and utilities that are vital for other sectors to operate smoothly.
- This infrastructure enables timely delivery of goods, efficient supply chains, and effective communication, all of which are essential for the success of primary and secondary activities.
In summary, the tertiary sector provides indispensable services that underpin the operations of both primary and secondary sectors, making it a pivotal component in the overall economic framework.

Who said that Asia has many places where people are few and few place where people are very many?
  • a)
    George B. Cressey
  • b)
    Frank G. Cressey
  • c)
    Aristotle
  • d)
    Frances Babcock
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

George B. Cressey, an American geographer, said that Asia has many places where people are few and few places where people are very many.

Reasoning:
Asia is the largest and the most populous continent in the world, with a wide range of geographic features and climatic conditions. Cressey's statement is based on his observation of the distribution of population in Asia. He noted that there are some regions in Asia where the population density is very high, while in other parts of Asia, the population density is very low.

Places where people are few:
1. Siberia: It is a vast region in the northern part of Asia, covering almost 77% of Russia's territory. Siberia is known for its harsh climate, with long, cold winters and short, cool summers. Due to its extreme climate and remote location, the population density in Siberia is very low.

2. Gobi Desert: It is a large desert region in Asia, covering parts of northern and northwestern China and southern Mongolia. The Gobi Desert is one of the most inhospitable places on Earth, with very little rainfall and extreme temperature variations. As a result, the population density in the Gobi Desert is very low.

Places where people are very many:
1. South Asia: It includes countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, which have a high population density due to their large population and small land area.

2. East Asia: It includes countries like China, Japan, and Korea, which are densely populated due to their large population and limited arable land.

Conclusion:
Cressey's statement highlights the diverse population distribution in Asia, with some regions having a high population density, while others have a low population density. This variation is due to factors such as climate, topography, and economic development.

Which one of the following best describes development?
  • a)
    Positive change in quality  
  • b)
    Increasing size 
  • c)
     A constant in size simple 
  • d)
    Change in the quality
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Divya Mishra answered

Development: Positive Change in Quality

Development can be best described as a positive change in quality. It refers to the process of improvement and progress in various aspects of life, such as economic, social, political, and personal well-being.

Key Points:
- Development involves advancement and growth towards better conditions and standards.
- It is not just about increasing size or quantity but focuses on enhancing the quality of life.
- Development may involve changes in infrastructure, technology, education, healthcare, and other areas to bring about positive outcomes.
- It also encompasses social development, including improvements in equality, justice, and human rights.
- Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

In conclusion, development is about fostering positive change in quality rather than just increasing size or maintaining a constant state. It is a dynamic process that seeks to improve the overall well-being of individuals, communities, and societies.

Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
The human development index (HDI) ranks the countries based on their performance in the key areas of health, education and access to resources. These rankings are based on a score between 0 to 1 that a country earns from its record in the key areas of human development. The indicator chosen to assess health is the life expectancy at birth. A higher life expectancy means that people have a greater chance of living longer and healthier lives. The adult literacy rate and the gross enrolment ratio represent access to knowledge. The number of adults who are able to read and write and the number of children enrolled in schools show how easy or difficult it is to access knowledge in a particular country. Access to resources is measured in terms of purchasing power (in U.S. dollars). Each of these dimensions is given a weightage of 1/3. The human development index is a sum total of the weights assigned to all these dimensions. The closer a score is to one, the greater is the level of human development. Therefore, a score of 0.983 would be considered very high while 0.268 would mean a very low level of human development. The human development index measures attainments in human development. It reflects what has been achieved in the key areas of human development. Yet it is not the most reliable measure. This is because it does not say anything about the distribution. The human poverty index is related to the human development index. This index measures the shortfall in human development.
How is access to resources measured?
  • a)
    In terms of selling power
  • b)
    In terms of purchasing power
  • c)
    In terms of government control
  • d)
    None of the Above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Mehta answered
Access to resources can be measured in terms of purchasing power.

Electoral Geography is the part of which field of geography?
  • a)
    Major Field
  • b)
    Sub-Field
  • c)
    Minor Field
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Prerna Nair answered
Electoral Geography is a Sub-Field of Geography.

Explanation:
Geography is a vast field that studies the spatial patterns of the Earth's natural and human features. Electoral Geography is a sub-field of geography that studies the spatial distribution and organization of election processes and outcomes. It examines the geographical factors that influence the voting patterns of citizens, the electoral systems used in different regions, and the effects of electoral boundaries on representation.

Electoral Geography is a sub-discipline that combines the principles of political science, mathematics, and statistics with the spatial analysis tools of geography. It plays a crucial role in understanding the dynamics of elections and their impact on the social, economic, and political systems of different regions. Therefore, it is considered an important sub-field of geography.

People located in icy and extremely hot climates survived on what?
  • a)
    Weaving
  • b)
    Hunting
  • c)
    Herding
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Explanation:

People living in icy and extremely hot climates had to adapt to their harsh environments in order to survive. One of the most important ways they did this was through hunting. Hunting provided them with food, clothing, and other resources necessary for survival. Let's explore this in more detail:

Hunting in Icy Climates:

In icy climates, such as the Arctic, people relied on hunting to survive. They hunted animals such as seals, walruses, caribou, and polar bears. These animals provided them with meat, fat, and hides, which they used for clothing, shelter, and other necessities. They also used animal bones and antlers to make tools and weapons.

Hunting in Hot Climates:

In extremely hot climates, such as the Sahara Desert, people also relied on hunting to survive. They hunted animals such as gazelles, antelopes, and ostriches. These animals provided them with meat, hides, and bones, which they used for food, clothing, and tools. They also gathered fruits, nuts, and other edible plants.

Conclusion:

In both icy and extremely hot climates, hunting was a crucial way for people to survive. By hunting and gathering, they were able to adapt to their harsh environments and find the resources they needed to survive. While other activities such as weaving and herding may have played a role in some societies, hunting was a universal necessity for survival in these extreme climates.

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