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All questions of Geomorphology (Part 2) for BPSC (Bihar) Exam
Metamorphic rocks are formed due to 1. Cementation of sedimentary rocks2. Proximity of sedimentary rocks with molten magma3. Cooling and solidification of lavaSelect the correct answer using the codes below: - a) 1 only
- b) 2 and 3 only
- c) 2 only
- d) 1 and 2 only
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Metamorphic rocks are formed due to
1. Cementation of sedimentary rocks
2. Proximity of sedimentary rocks with molten magma
3. Cooling and solidification of lava
Select the correct answer using the codes below:
a)
1 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
2 only
d)
1 and 2 only
|
Ravi Sharma answered |
- Metamorphic rocks are made by either heating up or squashing the Earth’s crust. They are often found in mountainous regions. One example is slate. Slate was originally a black mud laid down on the bottom of the sea or lake.
- Sometimes, metamorphic rocks are formed when rocks are close to some molten magma, and so get heated up. When metamorphic rock is formed under pressure, its crystals become arranged in layers. Slate, which is formed from shale, is like this. Slate is useful for making roof tiles because its layers can be split into separate flat sheets.
Which of the following are not sedimentary rocks? 1. Sandstone2. Limestone3. Marble4. SlateChoose the correct answer using the code below - a) 2 and 3 only
- b) 3 and 4 only
- c) 1 and 4 only
- d) 1 and 3 only
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following are not sedimentary rocks?
1. Sandstone
2. Limestone
3. Marble
4. Slate
Choose the correct answer using the code below
a)
2 and 3 only
b)
3 and 4 only
c)
1 and 4 only
d)
1 and 3 only
|
Manisha Chauhan answered |
Explanation:
Not sedimentary rocks:
- Limestone: Limestone is a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of marine organisms such as coral and shells. It is composed mostly of calcium carbonate.
- Marble: Marble is a metamorphic rock formed from limestone that has undergone heat and pressure. It is composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals.
Therefore, limestone and marble are not sedimentary rocks, unlike sandstone and slate.
Not sedimentary rocks:
- Limestone: Limestone is a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of marine organisms such as coral and shells. It is composed mostly of calcium carbonate.
- Marble: Marble is a metamorphic rock formed from limestone that has undergone heat and pressure. It is composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals.
Therefore, limestone and marble are not sedimentary rocks, unlike sandstone and slate.
Roche moutonnee are found in: 1. Highland glaciated regions 2. Lowland glaciated regions Choose from the following options.Roche moutonnee are found in Highland glaciated regions; Lowland glaciated regions - a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Roche moutonnee are found in:
1. Highland glaciated regions
2. Lowland glaciated regions
Choose from the following options.
Roche moutonnee are found in Highland glaciated regions; Lowland glaciated regions
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
Jaya Chopra answered |
The
correct
option
is
c
)
Both
of
them
.
R
oche
m
out
on
nee
are
rock
formations
created
by
the
action
of
glaciers
on
the
underlying
bedrock
.
They
typically
form
in
high
land
glac
iated
regions
,
where
the
ice
is
thick
enough
to
cause
significant
erosion
of
the
bedrock
.
They
can
also
form
in
low
land
glac
iated
regions
,
where
the
ice
is
thin
enough
to
cause
only
minimal
erosion
of
the
underlying
bedrock
.
In
either
case
,
the
glacier
car
ves
out
a
rounded
rock
with
a
st
eeper
side
that
faces
the
direction
of
glacier
flow
.
Consider the following statements. 1. Cirque is also known as a corrie in Scotland 2. There is a rocky ridge at the exit of the corrie and, when the ice eventually melts, water collects behind this barrier, to form a corrie lake or tarnWhich of these statements is/are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) None of these
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements.
1. Cirque is also known as a corrie in Scotland
2. There is a rocky ridge at the exit of the corrie and, when the ice eventually melts, water collects behind this barrier, to form a corrie lake or tarn
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
None of these
|
Nilesh Patel answered |
- The plucking process operates on the back-wall, steepening it and the ice's movement abrades the floor, deepening the depression into a steep, horse-shoe-shaped basin called a cirque (in French).
- It is also known as a corrie in Scotland and a cwm in Wales. There is a rocky ridge at the exit of the corrie and, when the ice eventually melts, water collects behind this barrier, to form a corrie lake or tarn.
Which of the following features adorn the limestone Caves?
1. Stalactites
2. Stalagmites
3. Pillars
Choose from the following options.
- a)1 and 2 only
- b)2 and 3 only
- c)1 and 3 only
- d)All of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following features adorn the limestone Caves?
1. Stalactites
2. Stalagmites
3. Pillars
Choose from the following options.
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
All of them
|
Nandita Kumar answered |
Features of Limestone Caves
Limestone caves are formed when water flows through porous rocks and dissolves the limestone, creating caverns and passageways. These caves often have unique and beautiful features that are a result of this geological process. The three main features that adorn the limestone caves are:
1. Stalactites: These are mineral deposits that hang from the ceiling of the cave and are formed by the dripping of mineral-rich water. Over time, the water evaporates, leaving behind a deposit of minerals that grows downwards. Stalactites can take on many shapes and sizes and are often found in clusters.
2. Stalagmites: These are mineral deposits that rise from the floor of the cave and are formed by the same process as stalactites. As water drips onto the cave floor, it leaves behind mineral deposits that grow upwards. Stalagmites can take on many shapes and sizes and are often found in clusters.
3. Pillars: Pillars are formed when stalactites and stalagmites merge together over time. As a stalactite grows downwards and a stalagmite grows upwards, they eventually meet and merge, forming a column or pillar. These pillars can be massive and create stunning natural formations in the cave.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D' - All of them.
Limestone caves are formed when water flows through porous rocks and dissolves the limestone, creating caverns and passageways. These caves often have unique and beautiful features that are a result of this geological process. The three main features that adorn the limestone caves are:
1. Stalactites: These are mineral deposits that hang from the ceiling of the cave and are formed by the dripping of mineral-rich water. Over time, the water evaporates, leaving behind a deposit of minerals that grows downwards. Stalactites can take on many shapes and sizes and are often found in clusters.
2. Stalagmites: These are mineral deposits that rise from the floor of the cave and are formed by the same process as stalactites. As water drips onto the cave floor, it leaves behind mineral deposits that grow upwards. Stalagmites can take on many shapes and sizes and are often found in clusters.
3. Pillars: Pillars are formed when stalactites and stalagmites merge together over time. As a stalactite grows downwards and a stalagmite grows upwards, they eventually meet and merge, forming a column or pillar. These pillars can be massive and create stunning natural formations in the cave.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D' - All of them.
Consider the following statements. 1. Morainic deposits may dam, or glaciers may hollow out, lakes which greatly inconvenience large scale farming or land development 2. But when the lakes are eliminated, the old glacial lake beds with their rich alluvium support heavy cropping Which of these statements is/are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements.
1. Morainic deposits may dam, or glaciers may hollow out, lakes which greatly inconvenience large scale farming or land development
2. But when the lakes are eliminated, the old glacial lake beds with their rich alluvium support heavy cropping
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Samridhi Chakraborty answered |
Introduction:
The given statements are related to the impact of glacial activity on lakes and agricultural development. Let us analyze each statement and its correctness.
Statement 1: Morainic deposits may dam, or glaciers may hollow out, lakes which greatly inconvenience large-scale farming or land development.
- Glaciers are massive bodies of ice that move slowly under their own weight. As they move, glaciers can create various landforms, including lakes.
- Morainic deposits are accumulations of rocks, soil, and other debris carried and deposited by glaciers.
- Glaciers can hollow out lakes by eroding the land and creating depressions or basins.
- Alternatively, when glaciers retreat or melt, they can leave behind morainic deposits that dam natural drainage systems, resulting in the formation of lakes.
- These lakes can greatly inconvenience large-scale farming or land development as they occupy valuable land and restrict agricultural activities.
Statement 2: But when the lakes are eliminated, the old glacial lake beds with their rich alluvium support heavy cropping.
- When the lakes formed by morainic deposits are eliminated, the old glacial lake beds are exposed.
- These lake beds are typically composed of rich alluvium, which is a fertile soil deposit made up of sediment carried and deposited by water.
- The alluvial soil in the old glacial lake beds is highly fertile and suitable for agriculture.
- The presence of alluvium supports heavy cropping, meaning that large-scale agricultural activities can be carried out on these lands.
Correctness of the statements:
- Statement 1 is correct as glaciers can either dam lakes through morainic deposits or hollow out lakes through erosion, which can inconvenience large-scale farming or land development.
- Statement 2 is also correct as the elimination of lakes formed by glaciers exposes the old glacial lake beds, which are rich in alluvium and support heavy cropping.
Conclusion:
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct. The formation of lakes by glacial activity can hinder agricultural development, but the elimination of these lakes exposes fertile alluvial soil that supports heavy cropping.
The given statements are related to the impact of glacial activity on lakes and agricultural development. Let us analyze each statement and its correctness.
Statement 1: Morainic deposits may dam, or glaciers may hollow out, lakes which greatly inconvenience large-scale farming or land development.
- Glaciers are massive bodies of ice that move slowly under their own weight. As they move, glaciers can create various landforms, including lakes.
- Morainic deposits are accumulations of rocks, soil, and other debris carried and deposited by glaciers.
- Glaciers can hollow out lakes by eroding the land and creating depressions or basins.
- Alternatively, when glaciers retreat or melt, they can leave behind morainic deposits that dam natural drainage systems, resulting in the formation of lakes.
- These lakes can greatly inconvenience large-scale farming or land development as they occupy valuable land and restrict agricultural activities.
Statement 2: But when the lakes are eliminated, the old glacial lake beds with their rich alluvium support heavy cropping.
- When the lakes formed by morainic deposits are eliminated, the old glacial lake beds are exposed.
- These lake beds are typically composed of rich alluvium, which is a fertile soil deposit made up of sediment carried and deposited by water.
- The alluvial soil in the old glacial lake beds is highly fertile and suitable for agriculture.
- The presence of alluvium supports heavy cropping, meaning that large-scale agricultural activities can be carried out on these lands.
Correctness of the statements:
- Statement 1 is correct as glaciers can either dam lakes through morainic deposits or hollow out lakes through erosion, which can inconvenience large-scale farming or land development.
- Statement 2 is also correct as the elimination of lakes formed by glaciers exposes the old glacial lake beds, which are rich in alluvium and support heavy cropping.
Conclusion:
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct. The formation of lakes by glacial activity can hinder agricultural development, but the elimination of these lakes exposes fertile alluvial soil that supports heavy cropping.
Consider the following statements. 1. Limestone vegetation in tropical regions, and it is luxuriant because of the heavy rainfall all the year-round 2. Settlements are scattered, and the population is often sparse Which of these statements is/are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements.
1. Limestone vegetation in tropical regions, and it is luxuriant because of the heavy rainfall all the year-round
2. Settlements are scattered, and the population is often sparse
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
Gargi Kaur answered |
Statement 1: Limestone vegetation in tropical regions is luxuriant because of the heavy rainfall all year-round.
Explanation:
- Limestone is a type of sedimentary rock primarily composed of calcium carbonate. It is often found in tropical regions where there is abundant rainfall and warm temperatures.
- The heavy rainfall in tropical regions provides the necessary moisture for the growth of vegetation on limestone.
- The warm temperatures in these regions also contribute to the luxuriant growth of vegetation as they provide an optimal environment for plant growth.
- The high amount of rainfall ensures that there is a constant supply of water for plants, which is essential for their survival and growth.
- Additionally, the rainfall helps in the leaching of nutrients from the limestone, making them available for plant uptake.
- The combination of abundant rainfall, warm temperatures, and nutrient availability makes limestone vegetation in tropical regions lush and dense.
Statement 2: Settlements are scattered, and the population is often sparse.
Explanation:
- In many tropical regions, settlements are often scattered and the population is sparse.
- This is primarily due to the geographical features and the characteristics of the tropical environment.
- Tropical regions often have dense forests, rugged terrains, and a lack of infrastructure, which makes it difficult for large-scale settlements to flourish.
- The dense forests and rugged terrains create barriers to transportation and communication, making it challenging to establish and maintain settlements.
- The lack of infrastructure, such as roads, electricity, and water supply, further hinders the development of large settlements in tropical regions.
- Moreover, the tropical climate with its high temperatures and high humidity can be challenging for human habitation, leading to a preference for more scattered settlements.
- The sparse population in tropical regions is also influenced by factors such as limited economic opportunities, lack of basic amenities, and the presence of diseases endemic to the area.
- However, it is worth noting that there are exceptions to this general trend, and some tropical regions may have densely populated settlements, particularly in areas with better infrastructure and economic opportunities.
Conclusion:
- Both statements are correct.
- Statement 1 explains the luxuriant growth of vegetation in tropical regions with limestone due to heavy rainfall and favorable temperatures.
- Statement 2 highlights the scattered nature of settlements and sparse population in tropical regions due to geographical features, lack of infrastructure, and challenging climatic conditions.
Explanation:
- Limestone is a type of sedimentary rock primarily composed of calcium carbonate. It is often found in tropical regions where there is abundant rainfall and warm temperatures.
- The heavy rainfall in tropical regions provides the necessary moisture for the growth of vegetation on limestone.
- The warm temperatures in these regions also contribute to the luxuriant growth of vegetation as they provide an optimal environment for plant growth.
- The high amount of rainfall ensures that there is a constant supply of water for plants, which is essential for their survival and growth.
- Additionally, the rainfall helps in the leaching of nutrients from the limestone, making them available for plant uptake.
- The combination of abundant rainfall, warm temperatures, and nutrient availability makes limestone vegetation in tropical regions lush and dense.
Statement 2: Settlements are scattered, and the population is often sparse.
Explanation:
- In many tropical regions, settlements are often scattered and the population is sparse.
- This is primarily due to the geographical features and the characteristics of the tropical environment.
- Tropical regions often have dense forests, rugged terrains, and a lack of infrastructure, which makes it difficult for large-scale settlements to flourish.
- The dense forests and rugged terrains create barriers to transportation and communication, making it challenging to establish and maintain settlements.
- The lack of infrastructure, such as roads, electricity, and water supply, further hinders the development of large settlements in tropical regions.
- Moreover, the tropical climate with its high temperatures and high humidity can be challenging for human habitation, leading to a preference for more scattered settlements.
- The sparse population in tropical regions is also influenced by factors such as limited economic opportunities, lack of basic amenities, and the presence of diseases endemic to the area.
- However, it is worth noting that there are exceptions to this general trend, and some tropical regions may have densely populated settlements, particularly in areas with better infrastructure and economic opportunities.
Conclusion:
- Both statements are correct.
- Statement 1 explains the luxuriant growth of vegetation in tropical regions with limestone due to heavy rainfall and favorable temperatures.
- Statement 2 highlights the scattered nature of settlements and sparse population in tropical regions due to geographical features, lack of infrastructure, and challenging climatic conditions.
Which of the following processes contributes to the enrichment of minerals in rocks?- a) Weathering of rocks
- b) Erosional and depositional action of rivers
- c) Both (a) and (b)
- d) None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following processes contributes to the enrichment of minerals in rocks?
a)
Weathering of rocks
b)
Erosional and depositional action of rivers
c)
Both (a) and (b)
d)
None of the above
|
|
Madhurima Tiwari answered |
Weathering of rocks:
- Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces or undergo chemical changes due to exposure to various environmental factors such as wind, water, and temperature changes.
- As rocks undergo weathering, the minerals present in them are released and become available for other processes to act upon.
- This weathering process can be physical, such as the freezing and thawing of water in cracks, or chemical, such as the reaction of rock minerals with water or acids.
- The weathering of rocks plays a significant role in the enrichment of minerals in rocks because it breaks down the rock into smaller particles, exposing more surface area for chemical reactions to occur.
Erosional and depositional action of rivers:
- Rivers play a crucial role in the transportation and deposition of sediments.
- As rivers flow, they erode the land, carrying sediments such as rocks, minerals, and soil particles.
- These sediments are transported downstream and eventually deposited when the river's velocity decreases, such as in river bends or at the mouth of the river.
- During this process, minerals that were weathered from rocks in the upstream areas are carried by the river and deposited in new locations.
- The erosional and depositional action of rivers helps in redistributing and concentrating minerals, thereby contributing to the enrichment of minerals in rocks.
Both (a) and (b):
- Both weathering of rocks and the erosional and depositional action of rivers contribute to the enrichment of minerals in rocks.
- Weathering breaks down rocks, releasing minerals and making them available for other processes.
- Rivers then transport these minerals and deposit them in new locations, contributing to the enrichment of minerals in rocks.
- The combined action of weathering and rivers helps in the concentration and redistribution of minerals, ultimately leading to the enrichment of minerals in rocks.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C' - Both (a) and (b).
- Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces or undergo chemical changes due to exposure to various environmental factors such as wind, water, and temperature changes.
- As rocks undergo weathering, the minerals present in them are released and become available for other processes to act upon.
- This weathering process can be physical, such as the freezing and thawing of water in cracks, or chemical, such as the reaction of rock minerals with water or acids.
- The weathering of rocks plays a significant role in the enrichment of minerals in rocks because it breaks down the rock into smaller particles, exposing more surface area for chemical reactions to occur.
Erosional and depositional action of rivers:
- Rivers play a crucial role in the transportation and deposition of sediments.
- As rivers flow, they erode the land, carrying sediments such as rocks, minerals, and soil particles.
- These sediments are transported downstream and eventually deposited when the river's velocity decreases, such as in river bends or at the mouth of the river.
- During this process, minerals that were weathered from rocks in the upstream areas are carried by the river and deposited in new locations.
- The erosional and depositional action of rivers helps in redistributing and concentrating minerals, thereby contributing to the enrichment of minerals in rocks.
Both (a) and (b):
- Both weathering of rocks and the erosional and depositional action of rivers contribute to the enrichment of minerals in rocks.
- Weathering breaks down rocks, releasing minerals and making them available for other processes.
- Rivers then transport these minerals and deposit them in new locations, contributing to the enrichment of minerals in rocks.
- The combined action of weathering and rivers helps in the concentration and redistribution of minerals, ultimately leading to the enrichment of minerals in rocks.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C' - Both (a) and (b).
Consider the following statements regarding rivers:1. A river drains the water collected from a specific area, which is called its 'catchment area’.2. An area drained by a river and its tributaries is called a drainage basin.3. The boundary line separating one drainage basin from the other is known as the watershed.4. Watersheds are small in area while the basins cover larger areas.Which of the statement(s) given above is/are incorrect? - a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 1, 2 and 3 only
- c) 1 and 3 only
- d) None of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements regarding rivers:
1. A river drains the water collected from a specific area, which is called its 'catchment area’.
2. An area drained by a river and its tributaries is called a drainage basin.
3. The boundary line separating one drainage basin from the other is known as the watershed.
4. Watersheds are small in area while the basins cover larger areas.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are incorrect?
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
1, 2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
None of the above
|
|
Anjali Rao answered |
All are correct.
- The catchments of large rivers are called river basins while those of small rivulets and rills are often referred to as watersheds.
- There is, however, a slight difference between a river basin and a watershed. Watersheds are small in area while the basins cover larger areas.
- River basins and watersheds are marked by unity. What happens in one part of the basin or watershed directly affects the other parts and the unit as a whole.
- That is why they are accepted as the most appropriate micro-, meso- or macro-planning regions. Every tributary too has a watershed. Sum of watersheds gives rise to river basin.
Geologists study sedimentary rocks because 1. They provide a record of Earth’s history.2. They may contain important mineral resources.3. They may contain fossils, providing a history of life including human evolution.Select the correct answer using the code below:- a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 1 and 3 only
- c) 2 and 3 only
- d) All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Geologists study sedimentary rocks because
1. They provide a record of Earth’s history.
2. They may contain important mineral resources.
3. They may contain fossils, providing a history of life including human evolution.
Select the correct answer using the code below:
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
1 and 3 only
c)
2 and 3 only
d)
All of the above
|
|
Anita Desai answered |
Sedimentary rocks make up about three-quarters of the rocks at the Earth’s surface.
- Sedimentary rocks preserve a record of the environments that existed when they formed. By looking at sedimentary rocks of different ages, scientists can figure out how climate and environments have changed through Earth’s history. Fossils of ancient living things are preserved in sedimentary rocks too.
- Quartz, K-feldspar and muscovite are some of the important minerals found there.
The rate of the erosion by glaciation is determined by the: 1. Velocity of the flow 2. Gradient of the slope 3. Temperature of the ice Choose from the following options.- a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 2 and 3 only
- c) 1 and 3 only
- d) All of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The rate of the erosion by glaciation is determined by the:
1. Velocity of the flow
2. Gradient of the slope
3. Temperature of the ice
Choose from the following options.
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
All of them
|
Zara Khan answered |
- Large angular fragments cut deep into the underlying rocks, so all glaciated floors bear evidence of striation or scratching. The finer materials smooth and polish the rock surfaces and produce finely ground rock flour.
- The rate of erosion is determined by several factors such as the velocity of flow, gradient of the slope, the weight of the glacier, the temperature of the ice, and the valley's geological structure.
Sedimentary rocks can be directly formed from which of the following?1. Magma2. Igneous rocks3. Mclamomhic rocksChoose the correct answer using the codes below:- a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 2 and 3 only
- c) 1 and 3 only
- d) 2 only
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Sedimentary rocks can be directly formed from which of the following?
1. Magma
2. Igneous rocks
3. Mclamomhic rocks
Choose the correct answer using the codes below:
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
2 only
|
|
Akshita Menon answered |
Sedimentary rocks can be directly formed from which of the following:
1. Magma
2. Igneous rocks
3. Metamorphic rocks
The correct answer is option 'B' which is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation:
Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation of sediments or organic matter that have been deposited in layers over time. These sediments can come from a variety of sources such as weathering and erosion of other rocks, as well as the remains of plants and animals.
Sedimentary rocks can be directly formed from two types of rocks:
1. Igneous rocks: These rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. When these rocks are weathered and eroded, they can break down into sediments which can then be deposited and compacted to form sedimentary rocks.
2. Metamorphic rocks: These rocks are formed from the alteration of pre-existing rocks due to heat and pressure. When these rocks are weathered and eroded, they can break down into sediments which can then be deposited and compacted to form sedimentary rocks.
However, sedimentary rocks cannot be directly formed from magma as it cools and solidifies to form igneous rocks, nor from metamorphic rocks as they are already altered from pre-existing rocks.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B' which is 2 and 3 only.
1. Magma
2. Igneous rocks
3. Metamorphic rocks
The correct answer is option 'B' which is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation:
Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation of sediments or organic matter that have been deposited in layers over time. These sediments can come from a variety of sources such as weathering and erosion of other rocks, as well as the remains of plants and animals.
Sedimentary rocks can be directly formed from two types of rocks:
1. Igneous rocks: These rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. When these rocks are weathered and eroded, they can break down into sediments which can then be deposited and compacted to form sedimentary rocks.
2. Metamorphic rocks: These rocks are formed from the alteration of pre-existing rocks due to heat and pressure. When these rocks are weathered and eroded, they can break down into sediments which can then be deposited and compacted to form sedimentary rocks.
However, sedimentary rocks cannot be directly formed from magma as it cools and solidifies to form igneous rocks, nor from metamorphic rocks as they are already altered from pre-existing rocks.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B' which is 2 and 3 only.
Which of the following are correctly matched? 1. Batu caves - Kuala Lumpur 2. Carlsbad cave - Yugoslavia Which of these statements is/are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following are correctly matched?
1. Batu caves - Kuala Lumpur
2. Carlsbad cave - Yugoslavia
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Sanvi Kapoor answered |
Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur, Mammoth Caves, Kentucky and Carlsbad Cave, New Mexico, in U.S.A. and Postojna Caves, Yugoslavia.
Consider the following statements. 1. Bergschrund is known as rimaye in French 2. Bergschrund helps climbers in many waysWhich of these statements is/are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements.
1. Bergschrund is known as rimaye in French
2. Bergschrund helps climbers in many ways
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Amit Kumar answered |
- Bergschrund: At the head of a glacier, where it begins to leave a corrie's snowfield, a deep vertical crack opens up called a bergschrund (in German) or rimaye (in French).
- This happens in summer when, although the ice continues to move out of the corrie, there is no new snow to replace it. In some cases, not one but several such cracks occur.
- The bergschrund presents a major obstacle to climbers. Further down where the glacier negotiates a bend or a precipitous slope, more crevasses or cracks are formed.
Consider the following statements about transhumance. 1. Glacial drifts in the valleys and benches or alps which were not affected by glaciers have good pastures during winter 2. Cattle are driven up to graze on the grass and return to the valley bottom in summer Which of these statements are not correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements about transhumance.
1. Glacial drifts in the valleys and benches or alps which were not affected by glaciers have good pastures during winter
2. Cattle are driven up to graze on the grass and return to the valley bottom in summer
Which of these statements are not correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Rahul Desai answered |
- Soils that do exist are so thin that they are incapable of supporting effective agriculture.
- Glacial drifts in the valleys and benches or alps which were not affected by glaciers have good pastures during summer.
- Cattle are driven up to graze on the grass and return to the valley bottom in winter. This form of animal-migration type of farming is called transhumance.
Consider the following statements. 1. The landforms of chalk are rather different from those of other limestones 2. There is little or no surface drainage and valleys which once contained rivers are now dry 3. These are often called coombes Which of these statements is/are correct?- a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 2 and 3 only
- c) 1 and 3 only
- d) All of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements.
1. The landforms of chalk are rather different from those of other limestones
2. There is little or no surface drainage and valleys which once contained rivers are now dry
3. These are often called coombes
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
All of them
|
|
Saumya Iyer answered |
Landforms of Chalk: Characteristics and Features
Chalk is a soft, white, porous sedimentary rock composed of the mineral calcite. It is formed from the remains of microscopic planktonic algae and foraminifera that lived in the warm, shallow seas of the Cretaceous period. The landforms of chalk are rather different from those of other limestones due to their unique characteristics and features.
Statement 1: The landforms of chalk are rather different from those of other limestones.
- Chalk is a soft, porous rock that weathers easily and is susceptible to erosion by water, wind, and ice.
- Chalk is usually found in the form of a plateau or escarpment, with steep, white cliffs facing the sea and gentle slopes inland.
- Chalk forms distinctive landforms such as caves, arches, stacks, and blowholes due to its solubility in rainwater and the erosive power of the sea.
Statement 2: There is little or no surface drainage and valleys which once contained rivers are now dry.
- Chalk is a porous rock that allows rainwater to soak through quickly, rather than forming surface runoff.
- As a result, there is little or no surface drainage on chalk landscapes, and river valleys that once contained water are now dry.
- This has led to the formation of dry valleys or coombes, which are steep-sided, narrow valleys with a flat floor that may contain a small stream or pool.
Statement 3: These are often called coombes.
- Coombes are a characteristic feature of chalk landscapes, but they can also be found on other types of rock.
- The word "coombe" comes from the Old English word "cumb", which means "valley" or "hollow".
- Coombes are often used for grazing animals or for growing crops such as wheat or barley.
Conclusion
All three statements are correct. The unique characteristics of chalk, such as its solubility, porosity, and susceptibility to erosion, have led to the formation of distinctive landforms and features, including dry valleys or coombes. These features are characteristic of chalk landscapes and have important ecological and agricultural significance.
Chalk is a soft, white, porous sedimentary rock composed of the mineral calcite. It is formed from the remains of microscopic planktonic algae and foraminifera that lived in the warm, shallow seas of the Cretaceous period. The landforms of chalk are rather different from those of other limestones due to their unique characteristics and features.
Statement 1: The landforms of chalk are rather different from those of other limestones.
- Chalk is a soft, porous rock that weathers easily and is susceptible to erosion by water, wind, and ice.
- Chalk is usually found in the form of a plateau or escarpment, with steep, white cliffs facing the sea and gentle slopes inland.
- Chalk forms distinctive landforms such as caves, arches, stacks, and blowholes due to its solubility in rainwater and the erosive power of the sea.
Statement 2: There is little or no surface drainage and valleys which once contained rivers are now dry.
- Chalk is a porous rock that allows rainwater to soak through quickly, rather than forming surface runoff.
- As a result, there is little or no surface drainage on chalk landscapes, and river valleys that once contained water are now dry.
- This has led to the formation of dry valleys or coombes, which are steep-sided, narrow valleys with a flat floor that may contain a small stream or pool.
Statement 3: These are often called coombes.
- Coombes are a characteristic feature of chalk landscapes, but they can also be found on other types of rock.
- The word "coombe" comes from the Old English word "cumb", which means "valley" or "hollow".
- Coombes are often used for grazing animals or for growing crops such as wheat or barley.
Conclusion
All three statements are correct. The unique characteristics of chalk, such as its solubility, porosity, and susceptibility to erosion, have led to the formation of distinctive landforms and features, including dry valleys or coombes. These features are characteristic of chalk landscapes and have important ecological and agricultural significance.
Texturally mature sediment is usually well rounded and well-sorted due to:1. Rounding of sediment increases with transport distance and time.2. Sorting gets better as larger chunks arc left behind and smaller chunks arc carried away.Which of the above statements is/are correct? - a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both 1 and 2
- d) None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Texturally mature sediment is usually well rounded and well-sorted due to:
1. Rounding of sediment increases with transport distance and time.
2. Sorting gets better as larger chunks arc left behind and smaller chunks arc carried away.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both 1 and 2
d)
None of the above
|
|
Kabir Verma answered |
- Sediment maturity refers to the length of time that the sediment has become in the sedimentary cycle.
- Texturally mature sediment is sediment that is well rounded (as rounding increases with transport distance and time) and well sorted (as sorting gets better as larger clasts are left behind and smaller clasts arc carried away).
- If the fragments arc angular, it indicates that they have not been transported very far and the sediment is poorly sorted.
The major characteristics of the Archaean rock system is that - a) It was formed before the appearance of life in the geologic sequence.
- b) It was the first metamorphic sedimentary rock.
- c) It hosts the major coal deposits of India.
- d) These rocks are largely igneous
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The major characteristics of the Archaean rock system is that
a)
It was formed before the appearance of life in the geologic sequence.
b)
It was the first metamorphic sedimentary rock.
c)
It hosts the major coal deposits of India.
d)
These rocks are largely igneous
|
|
Gauri Bajaj answered |
The major characteristics of the Archaean rock system can be summarized as follows:
a) Formed before the appearance of life in the geologic sequence:
The Archaean rock system refers to the oldest rock system on Earth, which formed between 4 to 2.5 billion years ago. It predates the appearance of life on Earth, as the first evidence of life dates back to around 3.5 billion years ago. Therefore, the Archaean rock system was formed before the appearance of life in the geologic sequence.
b) Not the first metamorphic sedimentary rock:
While the Archaean rock system is known for its high-grade metamorphic rocks, it is not the first metamorphic sedimentary rock system. Metamorphic rocks are formed from pre-existing rocks under conditions of high temperature and pressure. The Archaean rock system is primarily composed of igneous rocks, which were formed through volcanic activity.
c) Not the host of major coal deposits of India:
The major coal deposits of India are primarily found in the Gondwana rock system, which formed during the Permian and Carboniferous periods, around 300 to 200 million years ago. The Archaean rock system, being much older, does not host the major coal deposits of India.
d) Largely igneous rocks:
The Archaean rock system is predominantly composed of igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are formed through the solidification and crystallization of molten magma or lava. The Archaean rock system is characterized by the presence of various types of igneous rocks, including granite, gneiss, and greenstone belts. These rocks provide valuable insights into the early history of Earth's formation and the processes that shaped its crust.
In conclusion, the major characteristic of the Archaean rock system is that it was formed before the appearance of life in the geologic sequence. This rock system is primarily composed of igneous rocks and is distinct from the later rock systems that host coal deposits and exhibit metamorphic sedimentary characteristics.
a) Formed before the appearance of life in the geologic sequence:
The Archaean rock system refers to the oldest rock system on Earth, which formed between 4 to 2.5 billion years ago. It predates the appearance of life on Earth, as the first evidence of life dates back to around 3.5 billion years ago. Therefore, the Archaean rock system was formed before the appearance of life in the geologic sequence.
b) Not the first metamorphic sedimentary rock:
While the Archaean rock system is known for its high-grade metamorphic rocks, it is not the first metamorphic sedimentary rock system. Metamorphic rocks are formed from pre-existing rocks under conditions of high temperature and pressure. The Archaean rock system is primarily composed of igneous rocks, which were formed through volcanic activity.
c) Not the host of major coal deposits of India:
The major coal deposits of India are primarily found in the Gondwana rock system, which formed during the Permian and Carboniferous periods, around 300 to 200 million years ago. The Archaean rock system, being much older, does not host the major coal deposits of India.
d) Largely igneous rocks:
The Archaean rock system is predominantly composed of igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are formed through the solidification and crystallization of molten magma or lava. The Archaean rock system is characterized by the presence of various types of igneous rocks, including granite, gneiss, and greenstone belts. These rocks provide valuable insights into the early history of Earth's formation and the processes that shaped its crust.
In conclusion, the major characteristic of the Archaean rock system is that it was formed before the appearance of life in the geologic sequence. This rock system is primarily composed of igneous rocks and is distinct from the later rock systems that host coal deposits and exhibit metamorphic sedimentary characteristics.
All rocks whether igneous or sedimentary can become metamorphic rocks under great temperature and pressure. In this regard, which of the conversions to metamorphic rocks below is correct?1. Clay to slate2. Coal to graphite3. Sandstone to quartzite4. Shale to schistWhich of the above statements is/are correct? - a) 2 and 3 only
- b) 1 and 2 only
- c) 1,3 and 4 only
- d) All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
All rocks whether igneous or sedimentary can become metamorphic rocks under great temperature and pressure. In this regard, which of the conversions to metamorphic rocks below is correct?
1. Clay to slate
2. Coal to graphite
3. Sandstone to quartzite
4. Shale to schist
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a)
2 and 3 only
b)
1 and 2 only
c)
1,3 and 4 only
d)
All of the above
|
|
Preethi Kumar answered |
Explanation:
Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks, either igneous or sedimentary, undergo a transformation due to intense heat and pressure. This process causes the minerals in the rocks to recrystallize, resulting in a new rock with different physical and chemical properties.
The correct conversions to metamorphic rocks are:
1. Clay to slate: Clay is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of fine-grained minerals. Under high pressure and temperature, the minerals in the clay recrystallize, forming a dense, fine-grained rock called slate. Slate is characterized by its ability to be easily split into thin, flat sheets.
2. Coal to graphite: Coal is a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of plant material. When subjected to high temperature and pressure, coal undergoes a metamorphic transformation and turns into graphite. Graphite is a crystalline form of carbon with a layered structure and is known for its lubricating properties and use in pencils.
3. Sandstone to quartzite: Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains of mineral, rock, or organic material. Under intense heat and pressure, the sand grains in sandstone recrystallize and fuse together, forming a harder and more compact rock called quartzite. Quartzite is composed mainly of quartz and is known for its durability and resistance to weathering.
4. Shale to schist: Shale is a sedimentary rock composed of fine particles of clay minerals. When subjected to high temperature and pressure, shale undergoes metamorphism and transforms into a metamorphic rock called schist. Schist is characterized by its foliated texture, with minerals aligned in layers or bands.
Therefore, the correct conversions to metamorphic rocks are 1, 2, 3, and 4. Thus, option 'D' - "All of the above" is the correct answer.
Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks, either igneous or sedimentary, undergo a transformation due to intense heat and pressure. This process causes the minerals in the rocks to recrystallize, resulting in a new rock with different physical and chemical properties.
The correct conversions to metamorphic rocks are:
1. Clay to slate: Clay is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of fine-grained minerals. Under high pressure and temperature, the minerals in the clay recrystallize, forming a dense, fine-grained rock called slate. Slate is characterized by its ability to be easily split into thin, flat sheets.
2. Coal to graphite: Coal is a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of plant material. When subjected to high temperature and pressure, coal undergoes a metamorphic transformation and turns into graphite. Graphite is a crystalline form of carbon with a layered structure and is known for its lubricating properties and use in pencils.
3. Sandstone to quartzite: Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains of mineral, rock, or organic material. Under intense heat and pressure, the sand grains in sandstone recrystallize and fuse together, forming a harder and more compact rock called quartzite. Quartzite is composed mainly of quartz and is known for its durability and resistance to weathering.
4. Shale to schist: Shale is a sedimentary rock composed of fine particles of clay minerals. When subjected to high temperature and pressure, shale undergoes metamorphism and transforms into a metamorphic rock called schist. Schist is characterized by its foliated texture, with minerals aligned in layers or bands.
Therefore, the correct conversions to metamorphic rocks are 1, 2, 3, and 4. Thus, option 'D' - "All of the above" is the correct answer.
Despite such a large geographical spread, why is the Himalayan region poor in mineral resources? - a) The terrain is undulating,
- b) The rock structure is complex.
- c) The climatic conditions are adverse.
- d) It is made up of crystalline rocks which do not hold mineral resources anywhere in India.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Despite such a large geographical spread, why is the Himalayan region poor in mineral resources?
a)
The terrain is undulating,
b)
The rock structure is complex.
c)
The climatic conditions are adverse.
d)
It is made up of crystalline rocks which do not hold mineral resources anywhere in India.
|
Prasad Shah answered |
Himalayan region and its poor mineral resources
There are several factors that contribute to the Himalayan region being poor in mineral resources. However, the most significant reason is the complex rock structure in the region.
Complex rock structure
The Himalayan region is characterized by a complex geological history, resulting in the formation of diverse rock types and structures. The region is mainly composed of metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, which are less likely to contain significant mineral deposits compared to other types of rocks such as igneous rocks. Metamorphic rocks are formed through the transformation of pre-existing rocks under high pressure and temperature conditions, which often leads to the loss of mineral resources.
Unfavorable terrain and adverse climatic conditions
While the undulating terrain and adverse climatic conditions in the Himalayan region certainly pose challenges for mineral exploration and extraction, they are not the primary reasons for the region's poor mineral resources. These factors may make it difficult to access certain areas and conduct mining operations, but they do not directly impact the presence or absence of mineral resources in the region.
Crystalline rocks and mineral resources
The statement mentioned that the Himalayan region is made up of crystalline rocks, which do not hold mineral resources anywhere in India. This is incorrect. Crystalline rocks can indeed contain mineral resources, although their presence and abundance vary from region to region. Crystalline rocks, such as granite and gneiss, can host valuable minerals such as gold, silver, copper, and tin. However, in the case of the Himalayan region, the primary reason for the lack of mineral resources is the complex rock structure rather than the presence of crystalline rocks.
In conclusion, the Himalayan region's poor mineral resources can be attributed to its complex rock structure, which is dominated by metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. While other factors such as unfavorable terrain and adverse climatic conditions might pose challenges for mineral extraction, they are not the main reasons for the region's limited mineral resources.
There are several factors that contribute to the Himalayan region being poor in mineral resources. However, the most significant reason is the complex rock structure in the region.
Complex rock structure
The Himalayan region is characterized by a complex geological history, resulting in the formation of diverse rock types and structures. The region is mainly composed of metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, which are less likely to contain significant mineral deposits compared to other types of rocks such as igneous rocks. Metamorphic rocks are formed through the transformation of pre-existing rocks under high pressure and temperature conditions, which often leads to the loss of mineral resources.
Unfavorable terrain and adverse climatic conditions
While the undulating terrain and adverse climatic conditions in the Himalayan region certainly pose challenges for mineral exploration and extraction, they are not the primary reasons for the region's poor mineral resources. These factors may make it difficult to access certain areas and conduct mining operations, but they do not directly impact the presence or absence of mineral resources in the region.
Crystalline rocks and mineral resources
The statement mentioned that the Himalayan region is made up of crystalline rocks, which do not hold mineral resources anywhere in India. This is incorrect. Crystalline rocks can indeed contain mineral resources, although their presence and abundance vary from region to region. Crystalline rocks, such as granite and gneiss, can host valuable minerals such as gold, silver, copper, and tin. However, in the case of the Himalayan region, the primary reason for the lack of mineral resources is the complex rock structure rather than the presence of crystalline rocks.
In conclusion, the Himalayan region's poor mineral resources can be attributed to its complex rock structure, which is dominated by metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. While other factors such as unfavorable terrain and adverse climatic conditions might pose challenges for mineral extraction, they are not the main reasons for the region's limited mineral resources.
Consider the following statements.
1. When two corries cut back on opposite sides of a mountain, knife-edged ridges are formed called aretes
2. Where three or more cirques cut back together, their ultimate recession will form an angular horn or pyramidal
Which of these statements are not correct?
- a)1 only
- b)2 only
- c)Both of them
- d)Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements.
1. When two corries cut back on opposite sides of a mountain, knife-edged ridges are formed called aretes
2. Where three or more cirques cut back together, their ultimate recession will form an angular horn or pyramidal
Which of these statements are not correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Samridhi Chakraborty answered |
< b="" />Explanation:< />
The correct answer is option 'D', neither of them.
< b="" />Statement 1:< />
The statement is correct. When two corries cut back on opposite sides of a mountain, knife-edged ridges are formed called aretes. A corrie is a bowl-shaped hollow found on the side of a mountain, formed by glacial erosion. As the glaciers move down the mountain, they erode the sides of the corrie, creating steep knife-edged ridges called aretes. These aretes are often narrow and sharp, resembling the edge of a knife.
< b="" />Statement 2:< />
The statement is incorrect. When three or more cirques cut back together, their ultimate recession will not necessarily form an angular horn or pyramidal peak. A cirque is a bowl-shaped hollow found at the head of a glacier, formed by glacial erosion. As the glaciers move down the mountain, they erode the sides and bottom of the cirque, creating a steep-sided hollow. If three or more cirques cut back together, they may form a broad, rounded peak known as a horn. This is characterized by steep slopes on all sides. However, the ultimate shape of the peak will depend on various factors such as the nature of the rock, the direction of glacial movement, and the erosional processes involved. It is not necessary that it will always form an angular horn or pyramidal peak.
Therefore, both statements are not correct.
The correct answer is option 'D', neither of them.
< b="" />Statement 1:< />
The statement is correct. When two corries cut back on opposite sides of a mountain, knife-edged ridges are formed called aretes. A corrie is a bowl-shaped hollow found on the side of a mountain, formed by glacial erosion. As the glaciers move down the mountain, they erode the sides of the corrie, creating steep knife-edged ridges called aretes. These aretes are often narrow and sharp, resembling the edge of a knife.
< b="" />Statement 2:< />
The statement is incorrect. When three or more cirques cut back together, their ultimate recession will not necessarily form an angular horn or pyramidal peak. A cirque is a bowl-shaped hollow found at the head of a glacier, formed by glacial erosion. As the glaciers move down the mountain, they erode the sides and bottom of the cirque, creating a steep-sided hollow. If three or more cirques cut back together, they may form a broad, rounded peak known as a horn. This is characterized by steep slopes on all sides. However, the ultimate shape of the peak will depend on various factors such as the nature of the rock, the direction of glacial movement, and the erosional processes involved. It is not necessary that it will always form an angular horn or pyramidal peak.
Therefore, both statements are not correct.
Consider the following statements about swallow holes. 1. They are small depressions carved out by solution where rain-water sinks into the limestone at a point of weakness 2. They are also known as sinkholes Which of these statements is/are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements about swallow holes.
1. They are small depressions carved out by solution where rain-water sinks into the limestone at a point of weakness
2. They are also known as sinkholes
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Anjali Rao answered |
On the limestone's surface are numerous swallow holes, which are small depressions carved out by solution where rain-water sinks into the limestone at a point of weakness. They are also known as sinkholes. Gaping Ghyll in Yorkshire is a fine example. These holes grow in size through continuous solvent action.
Which of the following are the features of a karst region? 1. There is an absence of surface drainage 2. The surface valleys are dry 3. They have a broken landscape, occasionally broken by precipitous slopes Choose from the following options.- a)1 and 2 only
- b)2 and 3 only
- c)1 and 3 only
- d)All of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following are the features of a karst region?
1. There is an absence of surface drainage
2. The surface valleys are dry
3. They have a broken landscape, occasionally broken by precipitous slopes
Choose from the following options.
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
All of them
|
Mira Sharma answered |
- Characteristic Features of a Karst Region: Generally speaking, karst regions have a bleak landscape, occasionally broken by precipitous slopes.
- There is a general absence of surface drainage as most of the surface water has gone underground. Streams rising on other rocks only flow over limestone for a short distance and then disappear underground.
- For the greater part of their course, they cut their way along the joints and fissures of the rock wearing out a system of underground channels. The surface valleys are therefore dry.
- When the water penetrates to the limestone base and meets non-porous rocks, it reemerges onto the surface as a spring or resurgence.
Consider the following statements.1. By plucking, the glacier scratches, scrapes, polishes and scours the valley floor with the debris frozen into it. 2. By abrasion the glacier freezes the joints and beds of the underlying rocks, tears out individual blocks and drags them away Which of these statements is/are correct?- a)1 only
- b)2 only
- c)Both of them
- d)Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements.
1. By plucking, the glacier scratches, scrapes, polishes and scours the valley floor with the debris frozen into it.
2. By abrasion the glacier freezes the joints and beds of the underlying rocks, tears out individual blocks and drags them away
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
Palak Patel answered |
Explanation:
The correct answer is option D, neither of them. None of the statements is correct.
Let's analyze each statement:
1. By plucking, the glacier scratches, scrapes, polishes, and scours the valley floor with the debris frozen into it.
Plucking is a process by which a glacier erodes the underlying rocks by freezing onto them and then pulling them out as the glacier moves. However, plucking does not involve scratching, scraping, polishing, or scouring the valley floor. These processes are more closely associated with abrasion, which is the grinding action of rocks and debris carried by the glacier against the valley floor. Plucking and abrasion are distinct processes, and the statement incorrectly combines the two.
2. By abrasion, the glacier freezes the joints and beds of the underlying rocks, tears out individual blocks, and drags them away.
Abrasion is the process by which rocks and debris carried by a glacier scrape and grind against the valley floor, causing erosion. However, the statement is incorrect in stating that the glacier freezes the joints and beds of the underlying rocks. Freezing of joints and beds is associated with frost wedging, which is a process that occurs in cold climates when water seeps into cracks in rocks and freezes, causing the cracks to widen and eventually break apart. The tearing out of individual blocks and dragging them away is more closely associated with plucking, not abrasion.
In summary, statement 1 incorrectly combines plucking and abrasion processes, and statement 2 incorrectly attributes freezing of joints and beds to abrasion. Therefore, neither of the statements is correct.
The correct answer is option D, neither of them. None of the statements is correct.
Let's analyze each statement:
1. By plucking, the glacier scratches, scrapes, polishes, and scours the valley floor with the debris frozen into it.
Plucking is a process by which a glacier erodes the underlying rocks by freezing onto them and then pulling them out as the glacier moves. However, plucking does not involve scratching, scraping, polishing, or scouring the valley floor. These processes are more closely associated with abrasion, which is the grinding action of rocks and debris carried by the glacier against the valley floor. Plucking and abrasion are distinct processes, and the statement incorrectly combines the two.
2. By abrasion, the glacier freezes the joints and beds of the underlying rocks, tears out individual blocks, and drags them away.
Abrasion is the process by which rocks and debris carried by a glacier scrape and grind against the valley floor, causing erosion. However, the statement is incorrect in stating that the glacier freezes the joints and beds of the underlying rocks. Freezing of joints and beds is associated with frost wedging, which is a process that occurs in cold climates when water seeps into cracks in rocks and freezes, causing the cracks to widen and eventually break apart. The tearing out of individual blocks and dragging them away is more closely associated with plucking, not abrasion.
In summary, statement 1 incorrectly combines plucking and abrasion processes, and statement 2 incorrectly attributes freezing of joints and beds to abrasion. Therefore, neither of the statements is correct.
Regarding mass movements of soil, consider the following statements: 1. Soil creep is a fast, continuous movement of soil down hillslopes2. Soil flow or solifluction is a slow, gradual movement of soil down hillslopes3. In soil creep, soil acts as liquid and hence it creeps fastWhich of the above is/are incorrect? - a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) 3 only
- d) All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Regarding mass movements of soil, consider the following statements:
1. Soil creep is a fast, continuous movement of soil down hillslopes
2. Soil flow or solifluction is a slow, gradual movement of soil down hillslopes
3. In soil creep, soil acts as liquid and hence it creeps fast
Which of the above is/are incorrect?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
3 only
d)
All of the above
|
|
Sanjana Sen answered |
Soil creep indicates slow movement while solifluction is fast movement.
In India, rocks of which of the following regions was formed the earliest?- a) Khasi hilts
- b) Lower Siwaliks
- c) Indo-Gangetic plain
- d) Deccan Traps
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
In India, rocks of which of the following regions was formed the earliest?
a)
Khasi hilts
b)
Lower Siwaliks
c)
Indo-Gangetic plain
d)
Deccan Traps
|
|
Gauri Bajaj answered |
The correct answer is option 'D' - Deccan Traps.
Explanation:
The Deccan Traps is a large volcanic province located in west-central India. It is composed of multiple layers of solidified basalt lava flows. The rocks of the Deccan Traps were formed during the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 66 million years ago.
Formation of the Deccan Traps:
1. Geological Activity: The formation of the Deccan Traps can be attributed to intense volcanic activity that occurred during the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana.
2. Massive Eruptions: The volcanic activity resulted in massive eruptions that released vast amounts of basaltic lava onto the surface.
3. Lava Flows: The lava flows spread over an area of approximately 500,000 square kilometers, covering the present-day states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Karnataka.
4. Layered Structure: Over time, the successive eruptions led to the formation of multiple layers of solidified lava flows, creating a distinctive layered structure.
5. Thickness and Extent: The Deccan Traps cover an immense thickness of up to 2,000 meters and are considered one of the largest volcanic provinces in the world.
Importance of the Deccan Traps:
1. Geological Significance: The Deccan Traps hold immense geological significance as they provide valuable insights into the Earth's history, climate changes, and mass extinctions.
2. Mass Extinction Event: The timing of the Deccan Traps' formation coincides with the mass extinction event that resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs. It is believed that the volcanic activity and the release of gases and aerosols had a significant impact on the global climate, contributing to the extinction event.
3. Mineral Resources: The Deccan Traps also contain various mineral resources, including basalt, granite, and limestone, which are important for construction and industrial purposes.
In conclusion, the rocks of the Deccan Traps in India were formed the earliest among the given options. The intense volcanic activity during the Late Cretaceous period led to the deposition of multiple layers of solidified basalt lava flows, creating the distinctive geological formation known as the Deccan Traps.
Explanation:
The Deccan Traps is a large volcanic province located in west-central India. It is composed of multiple layers of solidified basalt lava flows. The rocks of the Deccan Traps were formed during the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 66 million years ago.
Formation of the Deccan Traps:
1. Geological Activity: The formation of the Deccan Traps can be attributed to intense volcanic activity that occurred during the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana.
2. Massive Eruptions: The volcanic activity resulted in massive eruptions that released vast amounts of basaltic lava onto the surface.
3. Lava Flows: The lava flows spread over an area of approximately 500,000 square kilometers, covering the present-day states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Karnataka.
4. Layered Structure: Over time, the successive eruptions led to the formation of multiple layers of solidified lava flows, creating a distinctive layered structure.
5. Thickness and Extent: The Deccan Traps cover an immense thickness of up to 2,000 meters and are considered one of the largest volcanic provinces in the world.
Importance of the Deccan Traps:
1. Geological Significance: The Deccan Traps hold immense geological significance as they provide valuable insights into the Earth's history, climate changes, and mass extinctions.
2. Mass Extinction Event: The timing of the Deccan Traps' formation coincides with the mass extinction event that resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs. It is believed that the volcanic activity and the release of gases and aerosols had a significant impact on the global climate, contributing to the extinction event.
3. Mineral Resources: The Deccan Traps also contain various mineral resources, including basalt, granite, and limestone, which are important for construction and industrial purposes.
In conclusion, the rocks of the Deccan Traps in India were formed the earliest among the given options. The intense volcanic activity during the Late Cretaceous period led to the deposition of multiple layers of solidified basalt lava flows, creating the distinctive geological formation known as the Deccan Traps.
Which of the following factors aid the weathering of rocks? 1. Intense heating during the day and rapid cooling at night2. Pore pressure of water seeping into rocks3. Thawing of rocksWhich of the following is/are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 1 and 3 only
- c) 2 and 3 only
- d) All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following factors aid the weathering of rocks?
1. Intense heating during the day and rapid cooling at night
2. Pore pressure of water seeping into rocks
3. Thawing of rocks
Which of the following is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
1 and 3 only
c)
2 and 3 only
d)
All of the above
|
|
Madhurima Tiwari answered |
Factors Aiding the Weathering of Rocks
Weathering refers to the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller fragments or transformed into different minerals through physical, chemical, and biological processes. Several factors contribute to the weathering of rocks. The correct answer, option 'D', states that all of the following factors aid in the weathering of rocks:
1. Intense heating during the day and rapid cooling at night:
- Temperature changes play a significant role in the weathering of rocks. When rocks are exposed to intense heating during the day, they expand. As a result, cracks and fractures develop within the rocks.
- At night, the rapid cooling causes the rocks to contract. This contraction further enhances the development of cracks and fractures. Over time, these cracks and fractures become pathways for water and other weathering agents to penetrate deeper into the rocks, accelerating the weathering process.
2. Pore pressure of water seeping into rocks:
- Water is one of the most important agents of weathering. When water seeps into rocks, it exerts pressure on the rock material, known as pore pressure.
- The pore pressure of water can weaken the rocks, especially if the water freezes and expands within the rock crevices. This process, known as frost wedging, causes the rocks to crack and break apart.
3. Thawing of rocks:
- Thawing refers to the process of melting frozen water within rocks. When water freezes within the rock crevices, it expands, exerting pressure on the surrounding rock material.
- During thawing, the ice melts, releasing the pressure within the rock. This repeated freezing and thawing cycle weakens the rocks, leading to the development of cracks and fractures.
In summary, all three factors mentioned in the given options contribute to the weathering of rocks. Intense heating and rapid cooling lead to thermal expansion and contraction, pore pressure of water seeping into rocks causes frost wedging, and the thawing process weakens the rocks. These processes eventually break down the rocks into smaller fragments, facilitating the further breakdown and transformation of the rocks through weathering processes.
Weathering refers to the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller fragments or transformed into different minerals through physical, chemical, and biological processes. Several factors contribute to the weathering of rocks. The correct answer, option 'D', states that all of the following factors aid in the weathering of rocks:
1. Intense heating during the day and rapid cooling at night:
- Temperature changes play a significant role in the weathering of rocks. When rocks are exposed to intense heating during the day, they expand. As a result, cracks and fractures develop within the rocks.
- At night, the rapid cooling causes the rocks to contract. This contraction further enhances the development of cracks and fractures. Over time, these cracks and fractures become pathways for water and other weathering agents to penetrate deeper into the rocks, accelerating the weathering process.
2. Pore pressure of water seeping into rocks:
- Water is one of the most important agents of weathering. When water seeps into rocks, it exerts pressure on the rock material, known as pore pressure.
- The pore pressure of water can weaken the rocks, especially if the water freezes and expands within the rock crevices. This process, known as frost wedging, causes the rocks to crack and break apart.
3. Thawing of rocks:
- Thawing refers to the process of melting frozen water within rocks. When water freezes within the rock crevices, it expands, exerting pressure on the surrounding rock material.
- During thawing, the ice melts, releasing the pressure within the rock. This repeated freezing and thawing cycle weakens the rocks, leading to the development of cracks and fractures.
In summary, all three factors mentioned in the given options contribute to the weathering of rocks. Intense heating and rapid cooling lead to thermal expansion and contraction, pore pressure of water seeping into rocks causes frost wedging, and the thawing process weakens the rocks. These processes eventually break down the rocks into smaller fragments, facilitating the further breakdown and transformation of the rocks through weathering processes.
Consider the following statements.
1. Glaciation generally gives rise to erosional features in the highlands and depositional features on the lowlands
2. A glacier plays a combined role of erosion, transportation and deposition throughout its course
Which of these statements are correct?
- a)1 only
- b)2 only
- c)Neither of them
- d)Both of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements.
1. Glaciation generally gives rise to erosional features in the highlands and depositional features on the lowlands
2. A glacier plays a combined role of erosion, transportation and deposition throughout its course
Which of these statements are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Neither of them
d)
Both of them
|
|
Ananya Deshmukh answered |
Both of them are Correct
Glaciation generally gives rise to erosional features in the highlands and depositional features on the lowlands. However, these processes are not mutually exclusive because a glacier plays a combined role of erosion, transportation and deposition throughout its course.
Which of the following are correctly matched? 1. Cockpit country - Jamaica 2. Kentucky of United States 3. Pennines of France Choose from the following options.- a)1 and 2 only
- b)2 and 3 only
- c)1 and 3 only
- d)All of them
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following are correctly matched?
1. Cockpit country - Jamaica
2. Kentucky of United States
3. Pennines of France
Choose from the following options.
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
All of them
|
|
Charvi Choudhary answered |
Cockpit Country - Jamaica
- Cockpit Country is correctly matched with Jamaica.
- The Cockpit Country is a rugged and densely forested area located in the interior of the island of Jamaica.
- It is known for its unique topography, characterized by steep limestone hills and deep valleys, giving it a "cockpit-like" appearance.
- This region is of great ecological significance and is home to a diverse range of plant and animal species, some of which are endemic to Jamaica.
- The Cockpit Country also serves as an important watershed, providing water to numerous rivers and streams that flow through the region.
- It is recognized as a globally significant biodiversity hotspot and is protected as a national park and forest reserve.
Kentucky - United States
- Kentucky is correctly matched with the United States.
- Kentucky is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States.
- It is known for its rolling hills, horse farms, bourbon distilleries, and the iconic Kentucky Derby horse race.
- The state is also famous for its bluegrass music and is often referred to as the "Bluegrass State."
- Kentucky is bordered by seven states and is known for its diverse geography, which includes the Appalachian Mountains in the east and the Mississippi River in the west.
- The state has a rich history, particularly in relation to the Civil War and the Underground Railroad.
- Kentucky is also home to Mammoth Cave National Park, which is the longest known cave system in the world.
Pennines - France
- The Pennines are not correctly matched with France.
- The Pennines are a range of hills and mountains in Northern England, not in France.
- They extend from the Midlands in central England to the Scottish Borders.
- The Pennines are often referred to as the "backbone of England" due to their central location and prominent geological features.
- This region is known for its rugged beauty, with deep valleys, steep slopes, and high moorland plateaus.
- The Pennines are popular for outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling, and rock climbing.
- They also have a rich cultural heritage, with historic towns and villages scattered throughout the region.
In conclusion, the correct matches are:
1. Cockpit Country - Jamaica
2. Kentucky - United States
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A' - 1 and 2 only.
- Cockpit Country is correctly matched with Jamaica.
- The Cockpit Country is a rugged and densely forested area located in the interior of the island of Jamaica.
- It is known for its unique topography, characterized by steep limestone hills and deep valleys, giving it a "cockpit-like" appearance.
- This region is of great ecological significance and is home to a diverse range of plant and animal species, some of which are endemic to Jamaica.
- The Cockpit Country also serves as an important watershed, providing water to numerous rivers and streams that flow through the region.
- It is recognized as a globally significant biodiversity hotspot and is protected as a national park and forest reserve.
Kentucky - United States
- Kentucky is correctly matched with the United States.
- Kentucky is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States.
- It is known for its rolling hills, horse farms, bourbon distilleries, and the iconic Kentucky Derby horse race.
- The state is also famous for its bluegrass music and is often referred to as the "Bluegrass State."
- Kentucky is bordered by seven states and is known for its diverse geography, which includes the Appalachian Mountains in the east and the Mississippi River in the west.
- The state has a rich history, particularly in relation to the Civil War and the Underground Railroad.
- Kentucky is also home to Mammoth Cave National Park, which is the longest known cave system in the world.
Pennines - France
- The Pennines are not correctly matched with France.
- The Pennines are a range of hills and mountains in Northern England, not in France.
- They extend from the Midlands in central England to the Scottish Borders.
- The Pennines are often referred to as the "backbone of England" due to their central location and prominent geological features.
- This region is known for its rugged beauty, with deep valleys, steep slopes, and high moorland plateaus.
- The Pennines are popular for outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling, and rock climbing.
- They also have a rich cultural heritage, with historic towns and villages scattered throughout the region.
In conclusion, the correct matches are:
1. Cockpit Country - Jamaica
2. Kentucky - United States
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A' - 1 and 2 only.
Which of the following are correctly matched? 1. When the roof of an underground tunnel collapses, a precipitous limestone gorge such as the Cheddar Gorge is formed 2. Where several swallow holes coalesce a larger hollow is formed and is called an uvula 3. Several uvula may merge as a result of subsidence to form a larger depression called a doline Choose from the following options.- a) 1 only
- b) 2 and 3 only
- c) 1 and 3 only
- d) All of them
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following are correctly matched?
1. When the roof of an underground tunnel collapses, a precipitous limestone gorge such as the Cheddar Gorge is formed
2. Where several swallow holes coalesce a larger hollow is formed and is called an uvula
3. Several uvula may merge as a result of subsidence to form a larger depression called a doline
Choose from the following options.
a)
1 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
All of them
|
|
Suresh Reddy answered |
- Once the water has sunk into the limestone, it etches out caverns and passages along joints or bedding planes.
- When the roof of an underground tunnel collapses, a precipitous limestone gorge such as the Cheddar Gorge is formed. Where several swallow holes coalesce, a larger hollow is formed and is called a doline.
- Several Dolina may merge as a result of subsidence to form a larger depression called a uvula.
Some of them are a mile across, containing much clayey soil from the limestones, weathered after their subsidence.
Terminal moraines are made up of the coarse debris deposited at the edge of the:- a) River
- b) Ocean
- c) Valley
- d) Ice sheet
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Terminal moraines are made up of the coarse debris deposited at the edge of the:
a)
River
b)
Ocean
c)
Valley
d)
Ice sheet
|
|
Meera Mishra answered |
Explanation:
Terminal moraines are ridges of debris deposited at the glacier's end by the moving ice sheet or glacier. They are formed when a glacier or ice sheet reaches its maximum extent during the advance phase and deposits the debris it has eroded from the valley floor and sides as well as the material it has picked up along its path. Terminal moraines mark the furthest extent of glacier or ice sheet advance and are typically found at the lower end of the glacier's snout.
Composition of Terminal Moraines:
Terminal moraines are composed of a mix of materials, including boulders, gravel, sand, and clay. The size and composition of the debris depend on the nature of the underlying bedrock, the strength of the glacier, and the distance the debris has traveled.
Formation of Terminal Moraines:
Terminal moraines are formed by the accumulation of debris at the glacier's snout as it melts or retreats. As the ice melts, it deposits the debris that it has carried along in a pile at its end. The pile of debris gradually builds up, forming a ridge or ridge-like feature.
Location of Terminal Moraines:
Terminal moraines are typically found at the lower end of the glacier's snout, marking the furthest extent of glacier or ice sheet advance. They can also be found in other locations where glaciers or ice sheets have been active, including valleys, fjords, and coastal plains.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, terminal moraines are made up of the coarse debris deposited at the edge of an ice sheet or glacier. They are formed by the accumulation of debris at the glacier's snout as it melts or retreats and are typically found at the lower end of the glacier's snout, marking the furthest extent of glacier or ice sheet advance.
Terminal moraines are ridges of debris deposited at the glacier's end by the moving ice sheet or glacier. They are formed when a glacier or ice sheet reaches its maximum extent during the advance phase and deposits the debris it has eroded from the valley floor and sides as well as the material it has picked up along its path. Terminal moraines mark the furthest extent of glacier or ice sheet advance and are typically found at the lower end of the glacier's snout.
Composition of Terminal Moraines:
Terminal moraines are composed of a mix of materials, including boulders, gravel, sand, and clay. The size and composition of the debris depend on the nature of the underlying bedrock, the strength of the glacier, and the distance the debris has traveled.
Formation of Terminal Moraines:
Terminal moraines are formed by the accumulation of debris at the glacier's snout as it melts or retreats. As the ice melts, it deposits the debris that it has carried along in a pile at its end. The pile of debris gradually builds up, forming a ridge or ridge-like feature.
Location of Terminal Moraines:
Terminal moraines are typically found at the lower end of the glacier's snout, marking the furthest extent of glacier or ice sheet advance. They can also be found in other locations where glaciers or ice sheets have been active, including valleys, fjords, and coastal plains.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, terminal moraines are made up of the coarse debris deposited at the edge of an ice sheet or glacier. They are formed by the accumulation of debris at the glacier's snout as it melts or retreats and are typically found at the lower end of the glacier's snout, marking the furthest extent of glacier or ice sheet advance.
The Matterhorn oxygen Leyland is a classic example of:The Matterhorn oxygen Leyland is a classic example of Pyramid peak- a) Bergschrund
- b) Pyramid peak
- c) Corrie lake
- d) Cirque
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The Matterhorn oxygen Leyland is a classic example of:
The Matterhorn oxygen Leyland is a classic example of Pyramid peak
a)
Bergschrund
b)
Pyramid peak
c)
Corrie lake
d)
Cirque
|
Meghana Roy answered |
Explanation:
The Matterhorn oxygen Leyland is a classic example of a Pyramid Peak. Let's understand what is a pyramid peak and why Matterhorn oxygen Leyland is an example of it.
What is a Pyramid Peak?
Pyramid Peak is a type of mountain peak that resembles a pyramid or a sharp pointed peak. It has steep sides that converge to a point at the top. These peaks are usually formed by glacial erosion and can be seen in mountain ranges all over the world.
Why is Matterhorn Oxygen Leyland a Classic Example of Pyramid Peak?
Matterhorn Oxygen Leyland is a classic example of a Pyramid Peak because of its unique shape. It has a sharp point at the top and steep sides that converge to the top. The Matterhorn is a mountain in the Alps on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It rises to an altitude of 4,478 meters (14,692 feet) and is one of the highest peaks in the Alps.
The Matterhorn was formed by glacial erosion, which is why it has a distinctive pyramid shape. The peak was first climbed in 1865 by a team led by Edward Whymper. The ascent was controversial and resulted in the death of four of the team members.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Matterhorn Oxygen Leyland is a classic example of a Pyramid Peak. Its unique shape and formation make it one of the most recognizable peaks in the world. The Matterhorn is a popular destination for climbers and hikers, and its history and beauty continue to fascinate people all over the world.
The Matterhorn oxygen Leyland is a classic example of a Pyramid Peak. Let's understand what is a pyramid peak and why Matterhorn oxygen Leyland is an example of it.
What is a Pyramid Peak?
Pyramid Peak is a type of mountain peak that resembles a pyramid or a sharp pointed peak. It has steep sides that converge to a point at the top. These peaks are usually formed by glacial erosion and can be seen in mountain ranges all over the world.
Why is Matterhorn Oxygen Leyland a Classic Example of Pyramid Peak?
Matterhorn Oxygen Leyland is a classic example of a Pyramid Peak because of its unique shape. It has a sharp point at the top and steep sides that converge to the top. The Matterhorn is a mountain in the Alps on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It rises to an altitude of 4,478 meters (14,692 feet) and is one of the highest peaks in the Alps.
The Matterhorn was formed by glacial erosion, which is why it has a distinctive pyramid shape. The peak was first climbed in 1865 by a team led by Edward Whymper. The ascent was controversial and resulted in the death of four of the team members.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Matterhorn Oxygen Leyland is a classic example of a Pyramid Peak. Its unique shape and formation make it one of the most recognizable peaks in the world. The Matterhorn is a popular destination for climbers and hikers, and its history and beauty continue to fascinate people all over the world.
How is the phenomenon of weathering important for us? 1. It aids in the formation of soil by eroding rocks and hard surfaces.2. It helps in the enrichment of valuable minerals on Earth for their commercial extraction to be made possible.3. It is responsible for shaping and denuding large landforms on Earth.Select the correct answer using the codes below: - a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 2 only
- c) 1 and 3 only
- d) All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
How is the phenomenon of weathering important for us?
1. It aids in the formation of soil by eroding rocks and hard surfaces.
2. It helps in the enrichment of valuable minerals on Earth for their commercial extraction to be made possible.
3. It is responsible for shaping and denuding large landforms on Earth.
Select the correct answer using the codes below:
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
All of the above
|
|
Madhurima Tiwari answered |
Importance of Weathering
Weathering is a natural process that breaks down rocks and minerals on the Earth's surface. It plays a crucial role in shaping our environment and has several important implications for us. The correct answer is option 'D' as all the given statements are true.
1. Formation of Soil
Weathering aids in the formation of soil by eroding rocks and hard surfaces. Over time, the mechanical and chemical processes of weathering break down rocks into smaller particles, creating a layer of loose material known as regolith. This regolith, along with organic matter, forms the basis for the development of soil. Soil is essential for agriculture as it provides nutrients and water retention capacity necessary for plant growth.
2. Enrichment of Valuable Minerals
Weathering also helps in the enrichment of valuable minerals on Earth. Through chemical weathering, certain minerals can be dissolved and transported by water, creating new deposits in different locations. This process is called leaching. Valuable minerals such as gold, silver, copper, and uranium can be concentrated and accumulated in specific areas, making their extraction commercially viable. Weathering thus contributes to the availability of important resources that are essential for various industries.
3. Shaping and Denuding Landforms
One of the most visible impacts of weathering is the shaping and denuding of large landforms on Earth. Mechanical weathering processes like frost action, abrasion, and exfoliation contribute to the physical breakdown of rocks and the formation of diverse landforms. These include mountains, canyons, caves, valleys, and cliffs. Chemical weathering, on the other hand, alters the composition of rocks and minerals, leading to the formation of unique geological formations like stalactites and stalagmites in caves. The continuous process of weathering, along with erosion and deposition, helps sculpt the Earth's surface and create the diverse landscapes we see today.
Conclusion
Weathering is an important geological process that has significant implications for our lives. It aids in the formation of soil, enriches valuable minerals, and shapes large landforms. Understanding weathering processes is crucial for sustainable land management, resource extraction, and environmental conservation.
Weathering is a natural process that breaks down rocks and minerals on the Earth's surface. It plays a crucial role in shaping our environment and has several important implications for us. The correct answer is option 'D' as all the given statements are true.
1. Formation of Soil
Weathering aids in the formation of soil by eroding rocks and hard surfaces. Over time, the mechanical and chemical processes of weathering break down rocks into smaller particles, creating a layer of loose material known as regolith. This regolith, along with organic matter, forms the basis for the development of soil. Soil is essential for agriculture as it provides nutrients and water retention capacity necessary for plant growth.
2. Enrichment of Valuable Minerals
Weathering also helps in the enrichment of valuable minerals on Earth. Through chemical weathering, certain minerals can be dissolved and transported by water, creating new deposits in different locations. This process is called leaching. Valuable minerals such as gold, silver, copper, and uranium can be concentrated and accumulated in specific areas, making their extraction commercially viable. Weathering thus contributes to the availability of important resources that are essential for various industries.
3. Shaping and Denuding Landforms
One of the most visible impacts of weathering is the shaping and denuding of large landforms on Earth. Mechanical weathering processes like frost action, abrasion, and exfoliation contribute to the physical breakdown of rocks and the formation of diverse landforms. These include mountains, canyons, caves, valleys, and cliffs. Chemical weathering, on the other hand, alters the composition of rocks and minerals, leading to the formation of unique geological formations like stalactites and stalagmites in caves. The continuous process of weathering, along with erosion and deposition, helps sculpt the Earth's surface and create the diverse landscapes we see today.
Conclusion
Weathering is an important geological process that has significant implications for our lives. It aids in the formation of soil, enriches valuable minerals, and shapes large landforms. Understanding weathering processes is crucial for sustainable land management, resource extraction, and environmental conservation.
Consider the following about the rock systems of India: 1. The Archaean rocks are found in the Deccan Peninsula and parts of the North-east.2. The Dharwar rocks are rich in iron ore.Which of the above statements is/are correct? - a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 2 and 3 only
- c) 3 only
- d) 1 and 3 only
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following about the rock systems of India:
1. The Archaean rocks are found in the Deccan Peninsula and parts of the North-east.
2. The Dharwar rocks are rich in iron ore.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
3 only
d)
1 and 3 only
|
Style's Star answered |
A) 1 and 2 only
Exfoliation refers to - a) Carrying away of topsoil layer by the wind in deserts
- b) Peeling of rock layers because of the weathering process
- c) Cracking of rocks into small pieces in deserts
- d) None of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Exfoliation refers to
a)
Carrying away of topsoil layer by the wind in deserts
b)
Peeling of rock layers because of the weathering process
c)
Cracking of rocks into small pieces in deserts
d)
None of the above
|
|
Mainak Mehra answered |
Exfoliation refers to the peeling or shedding of rock layers due to the weathering process. It is a geological phenomenon that occurs in various environments, including deserts. Exfoliation occurs primarily as a result of mechanical weathering, which involves the physical breakdown of rocks without any chemical changes.
Mechanical Weathering:
Mechanical weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller fragments without any chemical alteration. It is primarily driven by physical forces such as temperature changes, pressure variations, and the action of water, wind, or ice. Exfoliation is one of the outcomes of mechanical weathering.
Process of Exfoliation:
Exfoliation occurs when rocks undergo expansion and contraction due to temperature fluctuations. During the day, rocks are exposed to high temperatures, causing them to expand. At night, the temperature drops, and the rocks cool down, leading to contraction. These repeated cycles of expansion and contraction result in stress being built up within the rocks.
As the stress accumulates, the outer layers of the rock start to detach from the underlying layers, leading to the formation of fractures or cracks. Over time, these cracks propagate parallel to the surface, causing the outer layers of the rock to peel or flake off. This process is similar to the peeling of an onion, where successive layers are shed.
Factors Affecting Exfoliation:
Several factors influence the rate and extent of exfoliation. These include:
1. Rock Type: Some rocks are more susceptible to exfoliation than others. For example, granite, a common rock found in many mountainous regions, is prone to exfoliation due to its mineral composition and structure.
2. Climate: Temperature variations play a crucial role in exfoliation. Regions with large diurnal temperature ranges, such as deserts and high-elevation areas, are more prone to exfoliation.
3. Jointing: The presence of pre-existing joints or fractures in the rocks can enhance the process of exfoliation as they provide pathways for the cracks to propagate.
4. Erosion: Exfoliation can be accelerated by erosion processes such as wind, water, or glaciers. These agents remove the overlying material, relieving the confining pressure on the rocks and promoting exfoliation.
Conclusion:
Exfoliation is a natural process that occurs due to mechanical weathering, specifically the repeated expansion and contraction of rocks caused by temperature fluctuations. It leads to the peeling or shedding of rock layers, resulting in the formation of characteristic rock formations such as domes, tors, and exfoliation sheets. While exfoliation can occur in various environments, including deserts, it is not synonymous with the carrying away of topsoil by wind or the cracking of rocks into small pieces.
Mechanical Weathering:
Mechanical weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller fragments without any chemical alteration. It is primarily driven by physical forces such as temperature changes, pressure variations, and the action of water, wind, or ice. Exfoliation is one of the outcomes of mechanical weathering.
Process of Exfoliation:
Exfoliation occurs when rocks undergo expansion and contraction due to temperature fluctuations. During the day, rocks are exposed to high temperatures, causing them to expand. At night, the temperature drops, and the rocks cool down, leading to contraction. These repeated cycles of expansion and contraction result in stress being built up within the rocks.
As the stress accumulates, the outer layers of the rock start to detach from the underlying layers, leading to the formation of fractures or cracks. Over time, these cracks propagate parallel to the surface, causing the outer layers of the rock to peel or flake off. This process is similar to the peeling of an onion, where successive layers are shed.
Factors Affecting Exfoliation:
Several factors influence the rate and extent of exfoliation. These include:
1. Rock Type: Some rocks are more susceptible to exfoliation than others. For example, granite, a common rock found in many mountainous regions, is prone to exfoliation due to its mineral composition and structure.
2. Climate: Temperature variations play a crucial role in exfoliation. Regions with large diurnal temperature ranges, such as deserts and high-elevation areas, are more prone to exfoliation.
3. Jointing: The presence of pre-existing joints or fractures in the rocks can enhance the process of exfoliation as they provide pathways for the cracks to propagate.
4. Erosion: Exfoliation can be accelerated by erosion processes such as wind, water, or glaciers. These agents remove the overlying material, relieving the confining pressure on the rocks and promoting exfoliation.
Conclusion:
Exfoliation is a natural process that occurs due to mechanical weathering, specifically the repeated expansion and contraction of rocks caused by temperature fluctuations. It leads to the peeling or shedding of rock layers, resulting in the formation of characteristic rock formations such as domes, tors, and exfoliation sheets. While exfoliation can occur in various environments, including deserts, it is not synonymous with the carrying away of topsoil by wind or the cracking of rocks into small pieces.
Consider the following statements. 1. The peaks of the loftier mountains project above the surface as nunataks 2. When the ice sheets reach right down to the sea they often extend outwards into the polar waters and float as ice shelves 3. They terminate in precipitous cliffs. When they break into individual blocks, these are called icebergs. Which of these statements is/are correct?- a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 2 and 3 only
- c) 1 and 3 only
- d) All of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements.
1. The peaks of the loftier mountains project above the surface as nunataks
2. When the ice sheets reach right down to the sea they often extend outwards into the polar waters and float as ice shelves
3. They terminate in precipitous cliffs. When they break into individual blocks, these are called icebergs.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
All of them
|
|
Vijay Kumar answered |
- The peaks of the loftier mountains project above the surface as nunataks. When the ice sheets reach the sea, they often extend outwards into the polar waters and float as ice shelves.
- They terminate in precipitous cliffs. When they break into individual blocks, these are called icebergs.
Ribbon lakes are sometimes referred to as: 1. Trough lakes 2. Finger lakes Choose from the following options- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Ribbon lakes are sometimes referred to as:
1. Trough lakes
2. Finger lakes
Choose from the following options
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Sanjana Saha answered |
Explanation:
Ribbon Lakes:
- Ribbon lakes are long, narrow lakes that form in a glacial trough.
- They are created by glaciers moving through and reshaping the landscape.
- The distinctive shape of ribbon lakes is due to the erosion caused by the moving glacier.
Also referred to as:
- Trough lakes: Ribbon lakes are sometimes referred to as trough lakes because of their formation in glacial troughs.
- Finger lakes: This term is also used to describe ribbon lakes due to their long, narrow shape resembling a finger.
Correct Answer: Both of them
- Since ribbon lakes are also known as trough lakes and finger lakes, the correct answer is option 'C' - Both of them.
Consider the following statements about erratics. 1. They are called erratics because they are composed of materials entirely different from those of the region in which they are found 2. Such erratics are most useful in tracing the source and direction of the ice movement Which of these statements is/are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements about erratics.
1. They are called erratics because they are composed of materials entirely different from those of the region in which they are found
2. Such erratics are most useful in tracing the source and direction of the ice movement
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Samridhi Chakraborty answered |
Erratics
Erratics are large rocks or boulders that have been transported and deposited by glaciers. They are typically composed of materials that are entirely different from those found in the region where they are located. These rocks can range in size from small pebbles to massive boulders, and they are often found in areas far away from their original source.
Statement 1: They are called erratics because they are composed of materials entirely different from those of the region in which they are found
This statement is correct. Erratics are called erratics precisely because they are made up of materials that are different from the surrounding region. These materials are often distinct and can provide valuable insights into the geological history of an area. For example, an erratic composed of granite in an area where the bedrock is primarily limestone indicates that the rock must have been transported from a different location.
Statement 2: Such erratics are most useful in tracing the source and direction of the ice movement
This statement is also correct. Erratics are extremely useful in tracing the source and direction of ice movement. By studying the composition and characteristics of erratics, scientists can determine the type of rock and its origin. This information can then be used to reconstruct the movement of glaciers and ice sheets. The presence of erratics in a particular area can indicate the direction in which ice was flowing and provide evidence of past glacial activity.
Erratics can also help in identifying the extent of glaciation in an area. The distribution of erratics can give insights into how far the ice sheet extended during a particular glaciation event. By mapping the locations of erratics, scientists can create a picture of the past ice movement patterns and the areas that were affected.
Conclusion
In conclusion, both statements are correct. Erratics are composed of materials different from their surroundings, and they are valuable in tracing the source and direction of ice movement. These rocks provide important clues about past glacial activity and can help scientists reconstruct the geological history of an area.
Erratics are large rocks or boulders that have been transported and deposited by glaciers. They are typically composed of materials that are entirely different from those found in the region where they are located. These rocks can range in size from small pebbles to massive boulders, and they are often found in areas far away from their original source.
Statement 1: They are called erratics because they are composed of materials entirely different from those of the region in which they are found
This statement is correct. Erratics are called erratics precisely because they are made up of materials that are different from the surrounding region. These materials are often distinct and can provide valuable insights into the geological history of an area. For example, an erratic composed of granite in an area where the bedrock is primarily limestone indicates that the rock must have been transported from a different location.
Statement 2: Such erratics are most useful in tracing the source and direction of the ice movement
This statement is also correct. Erratics are extremely useful in tracing the source and direction of ice movement. By studying the composition and characteristics of erratics, scientists can determine the type of rock and its origin. This information can then be used to reconstruct the movement of glaciers and ice sheets. The presence of erratics in a particular area can indicate the direction in which ice was flowing and provide evidence of past glacial activity.
Erratics can also help in identifying the extent of glaciation in an area. The distribution of erratics can give insights into how far the ice sheet extended during a particular glaciation event. By mapping the locations of erratics, scientists can create a picture of the past ice movement patterns and the areas that were affected.
Conclusion
In conclusion, both statements are correct. Erratics are composed of materials different from their surroundings, and they are valuable in tracing the source and direction of ice movement. These rocks provide important clues about past glacial activity and can help scientists reconstruct the geological history of an area.
Consider the following statements. 1. In its pure state, limestone is made up of calcite or calcium carbonate, but where magnesium is also present it is termed dolomite 2. Chalk is a very pure form of limestone, white, and rather soft 3. Limestone is soluble in rain-water, which, with carbon dioxide from the air, forms a weak acid Choose from the following options.- a)1 and 2 only
- b)2 and 3 only
- c)1 and 3 only
- d)All of above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements.
1. In its pure state, limestone is made up of calcite or calcium carbonate, but where magnesium is also present it is termed dolomite
2. Chalk is a very pure form of limestone, white, and rather soft
3. Limestone is soluble in rain-water, which, with carbon dioxide from the air, forms a weak acid
Choose from the following options.
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
All of above
|
Pooja Chakraborty answered |
Properties of Limestone, Chalk, and Dolomite
Limestone, chalk, and dolomite are three different forms of calcium carbonate. Let's understand the properties of each form of calcium carbonate mentioned in the given statements.
1. Limestone:
- In its pure state, limestone is made up of calcite or calcium carbonate.
- It is a sedimentary rock that is formed over millions of years by the accumulation of shells, corals, and other marine debris.
- Limestone is used as a building material, as a raw material for cement production, and as a source of calcium for agriculture.
- When magnesium is also present in limestone, it is called dolomite.
2. Chalk:
- Chalk is a very pure form of limestone that is white and rather soft.
- It is composed of microscopic shells of plankton that lived in the sea millions of years ago.
- Chalk is used for writing, drawing, and as a filler in paint, plastics, and other materials.
3. Solubility of Limestone:
- Limestone is soluble in rainwater, which, with carbon dioxide from the air, forms a weak acid.
- This acid reacts with the calcium carbonate in limestone and dissolves it, forming calcium bicarbonate.
- Over time, this process can create sinkholes and other features in limestone landscapes.
Conclusion:
From the above properties of limestone, chalk, and dolomite, we can conclude that all three statements given in the question are correct. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D' - All of the above.
Limestone, chalk, and dolomite are three different forms of calcium carbonate. Let's understand the properties of each form of calcium carbonate mentioned in the given statements.
1. Limestone:
- In its pure state, limestone is made up of calcite or calcium carbonate.
- It is a sedimentary rock that is formed over millions of years by the accumulation of shells, corals, and other marine debris.
- Limestone is used as a building material, as a raw material for cement production, and as a source of calcium for agriculture.
- When magnesium is also present in limestone, it is called dolomite.
2. Chalk:
- Chalk is a very pure form of limestone that is white and rather soft.
- It is composed of microscopic shells of plankton that lived in the sea millions of years ago.
- Chalk is used for writing, drawing, and as a filler in paint, plastics, and other materials.
3. Solubility of Limestone:
- Limestone is soluble in rainwater, which, with carbon dioxide from the air, forms a weak acid.
- This acid reacts with the calcium carbonate in limestone and dissolves it, forming calcium bicarbonate.
- Over time, this process can create sinkholes and other features in limestone landscapes.
Conclusion:
From the above properties of limestone, chalk, and dolomite, we can conclude that all three statements given in the question are correct. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D' - All of the above.
Consider the following statements about Boulder clay. 1. This is an unsorted glacial deposit comprising a range of eroded materials 2. It is spread out in mounds Which of these statements is/are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements about Boulder clay.
1. This is an unsorted glacial deposit comprising a range of eroded materials
2. It is spread out in mounds
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
None of these
|
|
Rahul Desai answered |
Boulder clay or glacial till:
- This is an unsorted glacial deposit comprising a range of eroded materials -boulders, angular stones, sticky clay and fine rock flour.
- It is spread out in sheets, not mounds, and forms gently undulating till or drift plains. The landform is rather monotonous and featureless.
- The degree of fertility of such glacial plains depends very much on the composition of the depositional materials. Some of the boulder clay plains such as East Anglia and the northern Mid-West of U.S.A. form rich arable lands.
Glacial influences on men's economic activities depend upon: 1. Intensity of glaciation 2. Relief of the region 3. Erosional or depositional natureChoose from the following options- a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 2 and 3 only
- c) 1 and 3 only
- d) All of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Glacial influences on men's economic activities depend upon:
1. Intensity of glaciation
2. Relief of the region
3. Erosional or depositional nature
Choose from the following options
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
All of them
|
|
Zara Khan answered |
- Though the Ice Ages were at their height over 30,000 years ago, the effects of glaciation on both landforms and human activities profoundly influence many parts of the world today.
- Their most striking impact is felt in the temperate regions of Europe and North America which were once under continental ice sheets.
- Further south and on the high mountains worldwide, slow-moving glaciers are still shaping the landscape in the Alps, Andes, Rockies and Himalayas.
- Glacial influences on Man's economic activities are both favourable and unfavourable, depending on the intensity of glaciation, the region's relief, and whether the effects are of an erosional or depositional nature.
Consider the following statements. 1. Limestones are well jointed and it is through these joints and cracks that rain-water finds its way into the underlying rock 2. Progressive widening by solution enlarges these cracks into trenches and a most Intriguing feature called limestone pavement is developedWhich of these statements is/are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements.
1. Limestones are well jointed and it is through these joints and cracks that rain-water finds its way into the underlying rock
2. Progressive widening by solution enlarges these cracks into trenches and a most Intriguing feature called limestone pavement is developed
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Samridhi Chakraborty answered |
Explanation:
The correct answer is option 'C' which means that both statements are correct.
Statement 1:
Limestones are well jointed and it is through these joints and cracks that rainwater finds its way into the underlying rock.
Explanation of Statement 1:
Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is composed primarily of calcium carbonate. It is formed from the remains of marine organisms such as coral and shells that accumulate over time. Limestones are known to have a high degree of jointing, which means they have natural cracks and fissures.
Rainwater is slightly acidic due to the presence of dissolved carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. When rainwater comes into contact with limestone, it reacts with the calcium carbonate present in the rock. This reaction is known as carbonation, and it leads to the dissolution of the limestone.
The joints and cracks in limestone provide pathways for the rainwater to enter the underlying rock. Over time, as more and more rainwater seeps into these joints, it further dissolves the limestone and widens the cracks. This process is known as solution weathering. As a result, the joints become larger and interconnected, allowing even more rainwater to penetrate the rock.
Statement 2:
Progressive widening by solution enlarges these cracks into trenches and a most intriguing feature called limestone pavement is developed.
Explanation of Statement 2:
As mentioned earlier, the rainwater that enters the joints and cracks of limestone gradually dissolves the rock, resulting in the widening of these cracks. Over a long period of time, this continuous dissolution and widening process can lead to the formation of trenches.
Limestone pavement is a unique and intriguing landform that is developed as a result of the solution weathering of limestone. It is characterized by a flat and exposed surface with distinctive patterns of interconnected cracks and fissures. These cracks are known as grikes, and the flat blocks of limestone between the cracks are called clints.
The development of limestone pavement is a gradual process that involves the dissolution of limestone through rainwater infiltration, the widening of cracks into trenches, and the formation of grikes and clints. The resulting landform is visually striking and often supports unique ecosystems due to its distinctive hydrological and ecological conditions.
In conclusion, both statements are correct. Limestones are indeed well jointed, and rainwater does find its way into the underlying rock through these joints and cracks. The progressive widening of these cracks by solution weathering leads to the formation of trenches and the development of limestone pavement.
The correct answer is option 'C' which means that both statements are correct.
Statement 1:
Limestones are well jointed and it is through these joints and cracks that rainwater finds its way into the underlying rock.
Explanation of Statement 1:
Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is composed primarily of calcium carbonate. It is formed from the remains of marine organisms such as coral and shells that accumulate over time. Limestones are known to have a high degree of jointing, which means they have natural cracks and fissures.
Rainwater is slightly acidic due to the presence of dissolved carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. When rainwater comes into contact with limestone, it reacts with the calcium carbonate present in the rock. This reaction is known as carbonation, and it leads to the dissolution of the limestone.
The joints and cracks in limestone provide pathways for the rainwater to enter the underlying rock. Over time, as more and more rainwater seeps into these joints, it further dissolves the limestone and widens the cracks. This process is known as solution weathering. As a result, the joints become larger and interconnected, allowing even more rainwater to penetrate the rock.
Statement 2:
Progressive widening by solution enlarges these cracks into trenches and a most intriguing feature called limestone pavement is developed.
Explanation of Statement 2:
As mentioned earlier, the rainwater that enters the joints and cracks of limestone gradually dissolves the rock, resulting in the widening of these cracks. Over a long period of time, this continuous dissolution and widening process can lead to the formation of trenches.
Limestone pavement is a unique and intriguing landform that is developed as a result of the solution weathering of limestone. It is characterized by a flat and exposed surface with distinctive patterns of interconnected cracks and fissures. These cracks are known as grikes, and the flat blocks of limestone between the cracks are called clints.
The development of limestone pavement is a gradual process that involves the dissolution of limestone through rainwater infiltration, the widening of cracks into trenches, and the formation of grikes and clints. The resulting landform is visually striking and often supports unique ecosystems due to its distinctive hydrological and ecological conditions.
In conclusion, both statements are correct. Limestones are indeed well jointed, and rainwater does find its way into the underlying rock through these joints and cracks. The progressive widening of these cracks by solution weathering leads to the formation of trenches and the development of limestone pavement.
Regarding river rejuvenation, consider the following statements: 1. A fall in sea level rejuvenates a river.2. If there is submergence of land, it will also rejuvenate a river.Which of the above is/are correct? - a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both 1 and 2
- d) None of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Regarding river rejuvenation, consider the following statements:
1. A fall in sea level rejuvenates a river.
2. If there is submergence of land, it will also rejuvenate a river.
Which of the above is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both 1 and 2
d)
None of the above
|
|
Atharva Ghosh answered |
Explanation:
Rejuvenation of a river:
Rejuvenation of a river refers to the process in which a river resumes its youthful characteristics after a period of erosion and deposition. It is a dynamic process that occurs due to changes in the landscape and various factors such as tectonic activity, changes in climate, and sea level changes.
Statement 1: A fall in sea level rejuvenates a river:
When the sea level falls, the base level of a river decreases. As a result, the river's gradient steepens, and it starts to erode its bed and banks more actively. This increased erosion leads to the removal of sediments and the formation of new channels. The river becomes rejuvenated as it adjusts to the new base level and resumes its youthful characteristics.
Statement 2: Submergence of land rejuvenates a river:
When land gets submerged, the base level of a river rises. This results in a decrease in the river's gradient and a reduction in its erosive power. The river may become sluggish and start depositing sediments instead of actively eroding. Therefore, the submergence of land does not rejuvenate a river but rather leads to the creation of a floodplain or delta.
Conclusion:
Based on the explanations above, it can be concluded that statement 1 is correct, while statement 2 is incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A' - 1 only.
Rejuvenation of a river:
Rejuvenation of a river refers to the process in which a river resumes its youthful characteristics after a period of erosion and deposition. It is a dynamic process that occurs due to changes in the landscape and various factors such as tectonic activity, changes in climate, and sea level changes.
Statement 1: A fall in sea level rejuvenates a river:
When the sea level falls, the base level of a river decreases. As a result, the river's gradient steepens, and it starts to erode its bed and banks more actively. This increased erosion leads to the removal of sediments and the formation of new channels. The river becomes rejuvenated as it adjusts to the new base level and resumes its youthful characteristics.
Statement 2: Submergence of land rejuvenates a river:
When land gets submerged, the base level of a river rises. This results in a decrease in the river's gradient and a reduction in its erosive power. The river may become sluggish and start depositing sediments instead of actively eroding. Therefore, the submergence of land does not rejuvenate a river but rather leads to the creation of a floodplain or delta.
Conclusion:
Based on the explanations above, it can be concluded that statement 1 is correct, while statement 2 is incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A' - 1 only.
These are swarms of oval, elongated 'whale-back hummocks composed wholly of boulder clay, with their elongation in the direction of the ice flow, that is on the downstream side. They are low hills varying from a few yards to 400 feet in height and maybe a mile or two long. They appear a little steeper at the onset side and taper off at the leeward end. They are:- a) Drumlins
- b) Eskers
- c) Terminal moraines
- d) Outwash plains
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
These are swarms of oval, elongated 'whale-back hummocks composed wholly of boulder clay, with their elongation in the direction of the ice flow, that is on the downstream side. They are low hills varying from a few yards to 400 feet in height and maybe a mile or two long. They appear a little steeper at the onset side and taper off at the leeward end. They are:
a)
Drumlins
b)
Eskers
c)
Terminal moraines
d)
Outwash plains
|
|
Malavika Datta answered |
Drumlins: Explanation
Drumlins are elongated, oval-shaped hills that are composed of boulder clay. They are formed by the movement of glaciers. The drumlins are aligned in the direction of the ice flow, which is on the downstream side. They are low hills that can vary from a few yards to 400 feet in height and maybe a mile or two long. They appear a little steeper at the onset side and taper off at the leeward end.
Formation of Drumlins
The formation of drumlins is still not fully understood, but it is believed that they are formed by the action of glaciers. The glaciers move over the land, picking up and carrying rocks and sediments. As the glacier moves, it creates a mound of sediment in front of it. This mound is known as a drumlin. The drumlin is formed by the accumulation of sediments and rocks that are carried by the glacier. The sediments and rocks are deposited on the ground, and then the glacier moves over them, forming a mound.
Characteristics of Drumlins
- Elongated, oval-shaped hills
- Composed of boulder clay
- Aligned in the direction of the ice flow
- Low hills varying from a few yards to 400 feet in height and maybe a mile or two long
- Steeper at the onset side and taper off at the leeward end
Conclusion
In conclusion, drumlins are elongated, oval-shaped hills that are composed of boulder clay. They are formed by the movement of glaciers and are aligned in the direction of the ice flow on the downstream side. They are low hills that can vary in height and length and appear steeper at the onset side and taper off at the leeward end.
Drumlins are elongated, oval-shaped hills that are composed of boulder clay. They are formed by the movement of glaciers. The drumlins are aligned in the direction of the ice flow, which is on the downstream side. They are low hills that can vary from a few yards to 400 feet in height and maybe a mile or two long. They appear a little steeper at the onset side and taper off at the leeward end.
Formation of Drumlins
The formation of drumlins is still not fully understood, but it is believed that they are formed by the action of glaciers. The glaciers move over the land, picking up and carrying rocks and sediments. As the glacier moves, it creates a mound of sediment in front of it. This mound is known as a drumlin. The drumlin is formed by the accumulation of sediments and rocks that are carried by the glacier. The sediments and rocks are deposited on the ground, and then the glacier moves over them, forming a mound.
Characteristics of Drumlins
- Elongated, oval-shaped hills
- Composed of boulder clay
- Aligned in the direction of the ice flow
- Low hills varying from a few yards to 400 feet in height and maybe a mile or two long
- Steeper at the onset side and taper off at the leeward end
Conclusion
In conclusion, drumlins are elongated, oval-shaped hills that are composed of boulder clay. They are formed by the movement of glaciers and are aligned in the direction of the ice flow on the downstream side. They are low hills that can vary in height and length and appear steeper at the onset side and taper off at the leeward end.
Knob and kettle topography is associated with:- a) Drumlins
- b) Crag and tail
- c) Terminal moraines
- d) Outwash plains
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Knob and kettle topography is associated with:
a)
Drumlins
b)
Crag and tail
c)
Terminal moraines
d)
Outwash plains
|
|
Rahul Desai answered |
Outwash plains: These are made up of fluvioglacial deposits washed out from the terminal moraines by the stagnant ice mass's streams and channels.
- The melt-waters sort and redeposit the material in various forms from the low hilly heathlands, such as the Luneburg Heath of the North European Plain, to undulating plains terraces, alluvial fans and deltaic deposits of the melt-water streams make up the landscape.
- Kames, small rounded hillocks of sand and gravel may cover part of the plain. The deposition takes the form of alternating ridges and depressions, the latter may contain kettle lakes and give rise to characteristic 'knob and kettle' topography.
The main valley is eroded much more rapidly than the tributary valleys as it contains a much larger glacier. After the ice has melted a tributary valley, it hangs above the main valley so that its stream plunges as a waterfall. Such tributary valleys are termed:- a) Rock steps
- b) Hanging valleys
- c) Rock basins
- d) Moraine
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The main valley is eroded much more rapidly than the tributary valleys as it contains a much larger glacier. After the ice has melted a tributary valley, it hangs above the main valley so that its stream plunges as a waterfall. Such tributary valleys are termed:
a)
Rock steps
b)
Hanging valleys
c)
Rock basins
d)
Moraine
|
|
Zara Khan answered |
Such tributary valleys are termed hanging valleys and may form a natural head of water for generating hydro-electric power.
The basic source of all minerals on Earth is- a) Ocean basin chums
- b) Solar winds and ion showers
- c) Magma
- d) Asteroids and meteorites
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The basic source of all minerals on Earth is
a)
Ocean basin chums
b)
Solar winds and ion showers
c)
Magma
d)
Asteroids and meteorites
|
|
Anita Desai answered |
Magma cools slowly as it rises towards Earth’s surface. It can take thousands to millions of years to become solid when it is trapped inside Earth. As the magma cools, solid rocks form (igneous). These rocks arc mixtures of minerals. Granite is a common rock that forms when magma cools.
Consider the following:1. Metamorphism2. Convergent plate boundaries3. Volcanic activityWhich of the following rocks is often associated with the above?- a) Gneiss
- b) Rock Salt
- c) Limestone
- d) Bituminous coal
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following:
1. Metamorphism
2. Convergent plate boundaries
3. Volcanic activity
Which of the following rocks is often associated with the above?
a)
Gneiss
b)
Rock Salt
c)
Limestone
d)
Bituminous coal
|
|
Anjali Rao answered |
Gneiss usually forms by regional metamorphism at convergent plate boundaries. It is a high-grade metamorphic rock in which mineral grains recrystallised under intense heat and pressure associated with mountain building and volcanic activity.
Chapter doubts & questions for Geomorphology (Part 2) - Geography for State PSC Exams 2025 is part of BPSC (Bihar) exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the BPSC (Bihar) exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for BPSC (Bihar) 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.
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