All questions of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India for CDS Exam

Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park is located in Gujarat and was inscribed in 2004. It contains prehistoric (chalcolithic) sites, a hill fortress of an early Hindu capital, and remains of the 16th-century capital of Gujarat.

The Great Himalayan National Park, located in Himachal Pradesh, was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014. It is recognized for its exceptional biodiversity.

Jaipur, known as the "Pink City" due to the dominant color scheme of its buildings, was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2019.

Introduction
The Ajanta Caves, located in Maharashtra, India, are renowned for their stunning fresco paintings, which date back to the 2nd century BCE to the 6th century CE. These caves are a significant example of ancient Indian art and architecture, making them a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Significance of Fresco Paintings
- The frescoes in Ajanta depict various themes, including:
- Buddhist Jataka tales: Stories of the previous lives of the Buddha.
- Buddha's life: Illustrations portraying significant events in the life of Gautama Buddha.
- Mythological scenes: Representations of gods, goddesses, and other deities.
- The artistry showcases:
- Vibrant colors: The use of natural pigments gives the artworks a unique richness.
- Intricate details: The skillful depiction of human emotions and expressions.
Historical Context
- The caves served as monastic retreats for Buddhist monks during the monsoon season.
- They were rediscovered in the 19th century by a British officer, leading to a renewed interest in ancient Indian art.
Comparison with Other Sites
- While other options like the Mahabodhi Temple, Humayun's Tomb, and Elephanta Caves are significant historical and architectural sites, they do not possess the same level of fresco artistry as Ajanta.
- The Mahabodhi Temple is known for its association with Buddha's enlightenment, Humayun's Tomb for Mughal architecture, and Elephanta Caves for rock-cut sculptures.
Conclusion
In summary, the Ajanta Caves stand out for their exquisite fresco paintings, making option 'A' the correct answer. Their artistic and historical importance makes them a treasure of India's cultural heritage.

The Khajuraho Temples, inscribed in 1986, are famous for their Nagara-style architectural symbolism and intricate carvings, primarily representing various deities and mythological narratives.

The Taj Mahal in Uttar Pradesh was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. It is one of the most famous landmarks in India and a prime example of Mughal architecture.

The Mahabalipuram Temples, inscribed in 1985, are a group of 7th and 8th-century monuments located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, famous for their rock-cut architecture.

The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai was inscribed in 2018. It showcases a mix of Victorian Gothic and Art Deco architectural styles that developed in the city during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

The Kalka-Shimla Railway, inscribed in 2008, is part of the Mountain Railways of India, recognized for its engineering marvel in the rugged mountainous terrain of the Himalayas.

The Red Fort in Delhi was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007. It is an iconic example of Mughal architecture and a symbol of India's rich history.