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All questions of August 2021 for UPSC CSE Exam

Consider the following pairs:
1. Typhoons — Pacific Ocean
2. Hurricanes — Atlantic Ocean
3. Willy-willies — Australia
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1,2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vinod Mehta answered
In News: Recently, Hurricane Ida struck the Louisiana coast in the USA.
  • Hurricanes are enormous storms that come with a rotating wind speed of 74 miles per hour. The rotating wind swirls across the warm water of the tropics and comes with terrifying force.
  • The term “hurricane” is usually used for the large storms that are formed over the Atlantic Ocean or the eastern Pacific Ocean.
  • They are given many names in different regions of the world:
  • Typhoons: tropical cyclones are known as Typhoons in the China Sea and the Pacific Ocean.
  • Hurricanes: In the West Indian islands in the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.
  • Tornados: In the Guinea lands of West Africa and southern USA.
  • Willy-willies: In north-western Australia and
  • Tropical Cyclones: In the Indian Ocean Region.

The Chagos Archipelago recently seen in the news, is situated in which of the Oceans?
  • a)
    Pacific Ocean
  • b)
    Atlantic Ocean
  • c)
    Indian Ocean
  • d)
    Arctic Ocean
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
The Chagos Archipelago, an island group in the central Indian Ocean, is located about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) south of the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent. It is coterminous with British Indian Ocean Territory.

The Straits of Florida is located between which of the following water bodies?
  • a)
    Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea
  • b)
    Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean
  • c)
    Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean
  • d)
    Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
The Straits of Florida, Florida Straits, or Florida Strait is a 100-mile strait located south- southeast of Florida, and is generally accepted to be the area between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, and between the Florida Keys and Cuba.

With reference to devices used in Parliamentary Proceedings, consider the following statements:
1. A starred question can not have supplementary questions.
2. Zero hour is not mentioned in Rules of Procedure.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Statement 1: A starred question cannot have supplementary questions.
Statement 2: Zero hour is not mentioned in Rules of Procedure.

Explanation:

Statement 1: A starred question cannot have supplementary questions.
- In Parliamentary Proceedings, questions are an important part of the process in order to seek information from the government.
- Questions can be categorized as starred questions and unstarred questions.
- Starred questions are those for which the Member of Parliament (MP) is required to be present in the House and seek an oral answer from the concerned Minister.
- Supplementary questions are follow-up questions asked by the MPs based on the answer given by the Minister to a starred question.
- Therefore, the first statement is incorrect. Starred questions can indeed have supplementary questions.

Statement 2: Zero hour is not mentioned in Rules of Procedure.
- Zero hour is a special hour in the Parliament during which MPs can raise matters of public importance without any prior notice.
- It is an informal device that allows MPs to bring urgent matters to the attention of the House.
- The term "Zero hour" is not explicitly mentioned in the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament.
- However, the concept of Zero hour is recognized and practiced in the Indian Parliament.
- During this hour, MPs can make brief statements, ask questions, or discuss urgent matters.
- Therefore, the second statement is correct. Zero hour is not mentioned specifically in the Rules of Procedure, but it is still a recognized practice in the Indian Parliament.

Conclusion:
Based on the explanations above, the correct answer is option B - 2 only.

With reference to Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA), consider the following statements:
1. It is a regulatory body under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
2. It protects the interests of the policyholder and regulates the insurance industry.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vinod Mehta answered
Statement 1 is not correct: The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India is a regulatory body under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
Statement 2 is correct: The Government of India was the regulator for the insurance industry until 2000. However, to institute a stand-alone apex body, the IRDA was established in 2000 following the recommendation of the Malhotra Committee report in 1999. The main objective of the IRDA is to protect the interests of the policyholder and regulate the insurance industry.

With the reference to Microplastics, consider the following statements:
1. They are less than 5 millimetres in size.
2. They are non-degradable plastic.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anand Singh answered
Explanation:
1. Size of Microplastics:
- Microplastics are tiny plastic particles that are less than 5 millimetres in size. They can be either manufactured at this size or can result from the breakdown of larger plastic items.
2. Degradability of Microplastics:
- Microplastics are indeed non-degradable plastics. Their small size makes them extremely persistent in the environment, as they are not easily broken down by natural processes. This characteristic makes them a significant environmental concern.
Therefore, both statements are correct. Microplastics are small plastic particles less than 5 millimetres in size and are non-degradable, posing a threat to the environment and wildlife.

Consider the following statements with reference to the e-Shram portal:
1. It will maintain a database of organised sector workers.
2. It is launched by the Ministry of Labour & Employment.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    2 only 
  • b)
    1 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anaya Patel answered
In News: Recently, The Ministry of Labour & Employment launched the e-Shram portal.
Statement 1 is not correct: The portal will maintain a database of workers in the country’s unorganised sector.
• Workers will be provided with an e-SHRAM card which will have a 12 digit unique number,
  • The details of workers will also be shared by the state government and departments.
Statement 2 is correct: The Ministry of Labour & Employment launched the National Database for Unorganised Workers (NDUW) or e-Shram portal. This will be a single-point reference to help authorities reach out to and track workers in the informal sector, and offer welfare in times of crisis.
  • The database will include construction workers, migrant workers, gig and platform workers, street vendors, domestic workers, agriculture workers, migrant workers and similar other sub-groups of unorganised workers.
  • It will be available in public for open access where workers can self-enrol through Aadhaar and mobile numbers.

Exercise Talisman Sabre recently seen in the news, it is the largest bilateral combined training activity between which of the following countries?
  • a)
    India and Israel
  • b)
    Srilanka and Bangladesh
  • c)
    Australia and the United States of America
  • d)
    Saudi Arabia and Pakistan
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
Exercise Talisman Sabre is the largest bilateral combined training activity between the Australian Defence Force (ADF) and the U.S. military. It is a biennial exercise incorporating activities on land, air and sea. After the invitation of India to Australia in the Malabar exercise in 2020, Australia keen India joins Exercise Talisman Sabre.

Consider the following statements regarding BharatNet.
1. It is a flagship scheme to provide broadband connection to each household in India.
2. It is being implemented by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
3. It has been covered under the viability gap funding scheme to enable the private sector to complete the projects.
Which of the above statements is/ are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 3 only
  • b)
    3 only
  • c)
    1 and 2 only
  • d)
    1,2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Lalit Yadav answered
In News: The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has started pre-bid meetings with various stakeholders to implement the public-private partnership model for BharatNet.
  • These meetings will help to understand the needs of the projects before releasing the final bids, senior government officials said.
  • States which took lead on PPP model under BharatNet Phase 2 are being consulted for potential hindrances and way outs.
Statement 1 is not correct. It is a flagship scheme to provide broadband connection to each Gram Panchayat (not household) in India.
Statement 2 is not correct. It is implemented by Bharat Broadband Network Ltd. (BBNL) under the supervision of Department of Telecommunication under the Ministry of Communications.
Statement 3 is correct. It has been covered under the viability gap funding scheme to enable the private sector to complete the projects.

Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) recently seen in the news, it is chaired by:
  • a)
    President
  • b)
    Finance Minister
  • c)
    Prime Minister
  • d)
    Speaker of the Lok Sabha
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Saumya Singh answered
Explanation:

Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA)
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) is a committee of the Cabinet of India responsible for formulating and implementing economic policies and strategies. It is one of the most important committees of the Cabinet and plays a crucial role in decision-making related to economic matters in the country.

Chairperson of CCEA
The CCEA is chaired by the Prime Minister of India. The Prime Minister is the head of the government and holds the highest executive authority in the country. As the chairperson of the CCEA, the Prime Minister plays a key role in shaping economic policies and decisions that have a significant impact on the country's economy.

Functions of CCEA
- Formulating and reviewing economic policies and strategies.
- Approving major economic proposals and projects.
- Addressing issues related to economic growth, investment, and development.
- Monitoring the implementation of economic policies and projects.

Significance of CCEA
The decisions taken by the CCEA have far-reaching implications for the economy of the country. The committee plays a vital role in ensuring that economic policies are in line with the government's overall development agenda and are aimed at promoting sustainable growth and development.
In conclusion, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) is chaired by the Prime Minister of India and plays a crucial role in formulating and implementing economic policies and strategies that are essential for the country's economic development.

This temple is built in Chalukyan Style on the Prabhas Pattan or Veraval Port of Gujrat. It was raided by Mahmud of Ghazni and is believed to have been plundered at least 17 times. India’s first president Dr Rajendra Prasad performed the Pran Pratishtha Ceremony over here. Which is the temple being referred to in the above paragraph?
  • a)
    Ranchhodrai Temple
  • b)
    Dwarkadhish Temple
  • c)
    Modhera Sun temple
  • d)
    Somnath Temple
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
In News: PM launched new projects at Somnath Temple highlighting the history of its plunder and reconstruction time and again.
• He, making a reference to the Taliban, reminded the world that the reign of terror is always temporary and cannot be permanent.
Somnath Temple:
• It is the first among the 12 Jyotirlingas which are symbolic representations of Lord Shiva.
• Located at the Veraval Port or Prabhas Pattan in Saurashtra, Gujrat, the present temple is built in the Chalukyan style.
  • This Architecture is also known as the “Kailash Mahameru Prasad” style, o It reflects the skill of the SompuraSalats, one of Gujarat’s master masons.
• Raids
  • In AD 1026, Mahmud of Ghazni first looted the temple,and then came Afzal Khan, the commander of Ala-ud-din Khilji and later Aurangzeb.
  • It is said that the temple was looted and destroyed as many as seventeen times.
  • Post Modern History
  • The Iron man of India, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel was instrumental in the construction of the present temple.
  • The first President of India Dr Rajendra Prasad installed the Jyotirling in the new temple on May 11, 1951.

Quality of Life for Elderly Index is released by:
  • a)
    Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister
  • b)
    Ministry of Social Justice
  • c)
    NITI Aayog
  • d)
    Helpage India NGO
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vinod Mehta answered
In News: Quality of Life for Elderly Index was released by the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM).
  • It has 4 pillars and 8 sub pillars.
  • Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh are top-scoring regions in Aged and Relatively Aged States, respectively.
  • Chandigarh and Mizoram are top-scoring regions in Union Territory and North-East States category.
  • The Aged States refer to States with an elderly population of more than 5 million.
  • Relatively Aged States refer to States with an Elderly population of less than 5 million.

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct regarding the Samagra Shiksha Scheme?
1. It covers complete pre-primary to senior secondary (upto class 12th).
2. It is a Central Sector Scheme.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Mayank Kumar answered
Samagra Shiksha Scheme
The Samagra Shiksha Scheme is a flagship program of the Government of India aimed at providing quality education to all children from pre-primary to senior secondary levels. It was launched in 2018 and is implemented as a centrally sponsored scheme.

Statement 1: It covers complete pre-primary to senior secondary (up to class 12th).
This statement is correct. The Samagra Shiksha Scheme aims to provide inclusive and equitable quality education to all children from pre-primary to senior secondary levels. It covers the entire spectrum of schooling, starting from early childhood care and education (ECCE) for children aged 3-6 years, followed by primary education (classes 1-5), upper primary education (classes 6-8), secondary education (classes 9-10), and senior secondary education (classes 11-12).

Statement 2: It is a Central Sector Scheme.
This statement is incorrect. The Samagra Shiksha Scheme is not a Central Sector Scheme but a Centrally Sponsored Scheme. Under a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, the central government provides a certain percentage of funding while the remaining funds are provided by the state governments. In the case of the Samagra Shiksha Scheme, the funding is shared between the central government and the state governments in a ratio of 60:40 for general states and 90:10 for northeastern and Himalayan states.

The scheme aims to ensure that every child has access to quality education, bridging gender and social category gaps, and promoting inclusive education. It focuses on improving the quality of education through various interventions such as teacher training, curriculum development, provision of infrastructure and facilities, and the use of technology in education.

The Samagra Shiksha Scheme replaces the earlier schemes of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA), and Teacher Education (TE). By integrating these three schemes, the government aims to provide a holistic and comprehensive approach to school education.

In conclusion, the correct statements regarding the Samagra Shiksha Scheme are:
1. It covers complete pre-primary to senior secondary (up to class 12th).
2. It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A' - 1 only.

With reference to the North-Eastern Council, consider the following statements:
1. It is the statutory body established for the economic and social development of Sixth Schedule areas in the North-Eastern States.
2. The council is headed by the Prime Minister.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
Statement 1 is not correct: North-Eastern Council (NEC) is the statutory body established after amending the North-Eastern Council Act, 1971 in the year 2002. It is the nodal agency for economic and social development of 8 North Eastern Region States of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura including the four states having Schedule six areas. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
Statement 2 is not correct: The Home Minister is the ex-officio chairperson of the Council. The DoNER Minister is the Vice-Chairman. The council has Governors and Chief Ministers of all eight northeastern states as its members.

With reference to the Inner Line Permit system, consider the following statements:
1. It puts an obligation on the mentioned set of outsiders ( foreigners and Indian natives) to reside in the protected area.
2. It is issued for residential purposes only.
3. An Inner Line Permit issued by the Governor on the recommendation of the President of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Poonam Reddy answered
• An Inner Line Permit is a document that allows an Indian citizen to visit or stay in a state that is protected under the ILP system.
• The Inner Line Permits are required by Indians other than natives of ILP state for entering into any place in Arunachal Pradesh.
• All foreigners are required to have the Protection Area Permit or PAP for entering into ILP system state. They can obtain the Protected Area Permit.
• The system is in forced in four Northeastern states as of now — Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Mizoram and Manipur and no Indian citizen can visit any of these states unless he or she belongs to that state, nor can he or she overstay beyond the period specified in the ILP.
• An ILP is issued by the state government concerned. It can be obtained after applying either online or physically.

Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve, recently seen in the news, is situated in which of the following states?
  • a)
    Himachal Pradesh
  • b)
    Assam
  • c)
    Uttarakhand
  • d)
    Madhya Pradesh
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vinod Mehta answered
Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve is situated in Uttarakhand. It spans over an extent of 520 square km. The whole area comprises hills, marshy depressions, riverine belts, grasslands and a large lake. Established in 1936 as Hailey National Park, Corbett has the glory of being India's oldest and most prestigious National Park. It is a part of the larger Corbett Tiger Reserve, a Project Tiger Reserve. It is honoured as the place where Project Tiger was first launched in 1973. According to the Botanical Survey of India, Corbett has 600 species of plants comprising trees, shrubs, ferns, grass, climbers, herbs and bamboo.
More than 75% of the total area of Corbett is dominated by Sal forests. Apart from Royal Bengal Tiger, it is also home to a sizable population of the endangered Asiatic elephant and other critically endangered species including the Gharial.

Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect regarding the drip irrigation?
  • a)
    Drip irrigation can be defined as the method in which water drips slowly via a pipe system to the roots of the plants either from above or below the soil surface.
  • b)
    It is also known as micro-irrigation by which both water and soil nutrients can be saved.
  • c)
    The best part about drip irrigation is that valves and pumps can be operated both manually and automatically with the help of a controller.
  • d)
    On clay soils water must be applied speedily to avoid surface water ponding.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
  • Drip irrigation can be defined as the method in which water drips slowly via a pipe system to the roots of the plants either from above or below the soil surface.
  • It is also known as micro-irrigation by which both water and soil nutrients can be saved.
  • A set up of valves, tubes, pipes, and emitters is used for drip irrigation.
  • The best part about drip irrigation is that valves and pumps can be operated both manually and automatically with the help of a controller.
  • Drip irrigation is suitable for most soils. On clay soils water must be applied slowly to avoid surface water ponding and runoff. On sandy soils higher emitter discharge rates will be needed to ensure adequate lateral wetting of the soil.

Consider the following statements regarding Hydrocarbon Exploration Policy.
1. New Exploration Licensing Policy has been brought by the Oil Ministry to replace the Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy.
2. The most recent policy is based on Revenue Sharing and Single- Uniform License.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Avik Kapoor answered
There are two statements given in the question regarding the Hydrocarbon Exploration Policy. Let's analyze each statement individually:

Statement 1: New Exploration Licensing Policy has been brought by the Oil Ministry to replace the Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy.
Statement 2: The most recent policy is based on Revenue Sharing and Single-Uniform License.

Now, let's evaluate each statement:

Statement 1: New Exploration Licensing Policy has been brought by the Oil Ministry to replace the Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy.

This statement is incorrect. The New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) was introduced by the Indian government in 1997 to encourage exploration and production of hydrocarbons in the country. However, it has been replaced by the Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP) in 2016, not by the New Exploration Licensing Policy as mentioned in the statement. So, statement 1 is incorrect.

Statement 2: The most recent policy is based on Revenue Sharing and Single-Uniform License.

This statement is correct. The Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP) introduced in 2016 is indeed based on the principles of revenue sharing and a single-uniform license. Under this policy, companies are required to bid for exploration blocks based on the percentage of revenue share they offer to the government. This revenue-sharing mechanism ensures that the government receives a share of the revenue generated from the exploration and production of hydrocarbons. Additionally, the single-uniform license allows companies to explore and produce conventional as well as unconventional hydrocarbon resources like shale gas and coal bed methane from the same field. So, statement 2 is correct.

In conclusion, only statement 2 is correct, while statement 1 is incorrect.

With reference to G20, consider the following statements:
1. The objective is to promote financial regulations that reduce risks and prevent future financial crises.
2. India has never been a host for a G20 Summit.
3. The G20 has a permanent secretariat to perform activities.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1,2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Poonam Reddy answered
Statement 1 is correct: The objectives of the G20 are: • Policy coordination between its members in order to achieve global economic stability, sustainable growth;
  • To promote financial regulations that reduce risks and prevent future financial crises; and
  • To create a new international financial architecture
Statement 2 is correct: India has never hosted a G20 Summit. India will host the G20 summit in 2023 — a year later than what was decided earlier. The next G20 meetings are: Italy in 2021, Indonesia in 2022, India in 2023 and Brazil in 2024. The first Summit was held in Washington in November 2008 and the last - held digitally under the Saudi Presidency - in November 2020.
Statement 3 is not correct: The G20 does not have a permanent secretariat: its agenda and activities are established by the rotating Presidencies, in cooperation with the membership. A “Troika”, represented by the country that holds the Presidency, its predecessor and its successor, works to ensure continuity within the G20. The Troika countries are currently Saudi Arabia, Italy and Indonesia.

Consider the following statements.
1. Custodial death means death during arrest, jail or encounters by police.
2. The Constitution prohibits use of brutal force to make an alleged person confess his crime.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Poonam Reddy answered
In News: Chief Justice of India while addressing a NALSA event said that threats to human rights and bodily integrity are the highest in police stations.
• He was pointing out that custodial torture and other police atrocities are problems that still prevail in society.
• He flagged the issues of human rights and dignity, saying these are “sacrosanct”.
Statement 1 is not correct. Custodial death means death during arrest or jail but not during encounters by police.
Statement 2 is correct. The Constitution in Article 20 prohibits self incrimination which means Police can not use brutal force to make an alleged person confess his crime.

Which of the following statements is/are correct with respect to the Strait of Hormuz?
1. It is the waterway separating Iran and Oman, linking the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea.
2. On the north coast lies Iran, and on the south are Oman and Qatar.
3. It provides the only sea passage from the Persian Gulf to the open ocean.
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1,2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Alok Verma answered
Option C is correct: Strait of Hormuz is the waterway separating Iran and Oman, linking the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. On the north coast lies Iran, and on the south are the UAE and Musandam, an enclave of Oman. The Strait is 21 miles wide at its narrowest point, but the shipping lane is just two miles wide in either direction. The Strait of Hormuz is one of the world’s most strategically important choke points. Two-thirds of the oil and half the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Indian imports come through the strait between Iran and Oman.

Consider the following statements regarding the National M onetisation Pipeline (NMP).
1. It will target Brownfield Projects only.
2. It will transfer the ownership of infrastructure projects to Private Firms.
3. The sector which will have the largest share in NMP is Road.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1,2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Alok Verma answered
In News: A 4 year National Monetisation Pipeline (NMP) has been unveiled by the Finance Minister.
  • This monetisation will create further value for infrastructure creation in the country
  • It will explore innovative ways of private participation without transfer of government ownership.
Statement 1 is correct. It will target Brownfield projects only. This step will quicken implementation.
Statement 2 is not correct. It will not transfer the ownership of infrastructure projects to Private Firms.
Statement 3 is correct. The sector which will have the largest share in NMP is Road. Road sector will be followed by Railways and Power

Consider the following statements in context of the recent IPCC 6th Assessment Report:
1. India is the third largest emitter of Green-House Gases.
2. India has declared its Net-Zero Emission target by 2060.
3. China and the USA will release more carbon than the complete carbon budget available to keep Global temperature rise within 1.5 C despite achieving their Net Zero targets.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    2 only
  • b)
    3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    2 and 3 only
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the report, ‘Climate Change 2021: the Physical Science Basis’. It is the first part of IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).
Statement 1 is correct. India is the third largest emitter of Green-House Gases after China and USA.
Statement 2 is not correct. India has not declared its Net-Zero Emission target on the pretext of its povertystatement 3 is correct. China (nearly 87% by 2060) and the USA (nearly 27% by 2050) will release more carbon (87+27=114%) than the complete carbon budget available to keep Global temperature rise within 1.5 C despite achieving their Net Zero targets.

Consider the following statements regarding Hydrogen as Energy Source.
1. Hydrogen fuel is nearly 500 times more energy-efficient than petrol.
2. Delhi is the first Indian city to run buses using hydrogen spiked compressed natural gas.
3. The National Hydrogen Mission focuses on increasing the production of Grey Hydrogen.
Which of the above statements is/are not correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1 only
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
In News: Recently the Prime Minister of India announced the launch of the National Hydrogen Mission on India’s 75th Independence Day.
  • The government's aim is to make India a global hub for the production and export of green hydrogen.
  • It was also proposed in the Union Budget 2021.
Statement 1 is not correct. Hydrogen fuel is nearly 2-3 times (not 500 times) more energy efficient than petrol.
Statement 2 is correct. Delhi is the first Indian city to run buses using hydrogen spiked compressed natural gas.
Statement 3 is not correct. The National Hydrogen Mission focuses on increasing the production of Green Hydrogen, not Grey Hydrogen.

Swinhoe’s Softshell Turtle recently seen in the news, The International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species classifies it as
  • a)
    Near Threatened(NT)
  • b)
    Vulnerable (VU)
  • c)
    Endangered (EN)
  • d)
    Extinct
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
In News: The conservationists and veterinary experts along with global partners are making efforts to save the world’s most endangered turtle, Swinhoe's softshell turtle from the brink of extinction. These turtles are grey with light grey or yellow spots.
Significance: They are important to the seafloor biosystem, where they contribute by enriching soil nutrients and facilitating seed dispersion. The natural habitat for these turtles are wetlands and large lakes. Native to China and Vietnam. Habitat destruction due to water pollution to riverbed abrasion, and overexploitation for food and illegal trade. Listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ on the Red List maintained by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

SVEEP programme recently seen in the news, it is related to
  • a)
    Urban Cleanness
  • b)
    Rural Infrastructural Development
  • c)
    Voter literacy
  • d)
    Space Programme
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
In News, Recently, the Consultation Workshop of Systematic Voters’ Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP) ended. It is the flagship program of the Election Commission of India (ECI).
  • It is a programme of multi interventions through different modes and media designed to educate citizens, electors and voters about the electoral process in order to increase their awareness and participation in the electoral processes.
  • It is designed according to the socio-economic, cultural and demographic profile of the state as well as the history of electoral participation in previous rounds of elections and learning thereof. To increase voter education and promote voter literacy in India.

Slender Loris is recently seen in the news, the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species classifies it as:
  • a)
    Least Concern
  • b)
    Near Threatened
  • c)
    Vulnerable
  • d)
    Endangered
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
The Slender Loris is a small, nocturnal primate. Scientific Name is Loris tardigradus. It prefers to inhabit thick, thorny bushes and bamboo clumps where it can evade predators and also find insects to eat. It is commonly found in the tropical scrub and deciduous forests as well as the dense hedgerow plantations bordering farmlands of Southern India and Sri Lanka. The slender loris has been listed as ‘Endangered’ by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. o It has been brought under Schedule I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 in order to provide the highest level of legal protection.

Pobitora National Park, recently seen in the news, is situated in which of the following states?
  • a)
    Tripura
  • b)
    Assam
  • c)
    Meghalaya
  • d)
    Arunachal Pradesh
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vinod Mehta answered
Pobitora National Park is situated in the Morigaon district of the state of Assam. The national park is located about 48 km from Guwahati. It is a 1-hour drive through a road passing by the River Brahmaputra and a small portion of the village of Mayong. It has a dense population of the Great Indian one-horned rhinoceros. It covers 38.8 km2. Though the total notified area of the park is 38.80 square km, only 16 square km is the effective rhino habitat. Pobitora was declared a reserved forest in 1971 and a wildlife sanctuary in 1987. It covers flat floodplains and a hillock (Raja Mayong).

Consider the following statements.
1. Repo rate is used to control cash flow in the market.
2. Reverse repo rate is used to regulate liquidity in the economy.
3. Marginal Standing Facility was introduced as a provision for banks to avail fortnight funds.
Which of the above statement(s) is/ are not correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    3 only
  • d)
    1,2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Khanna answered
In News: Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of RBI has kept Repo Rate unchanged at 4% for the seventh time in a row.
Statements 1 and 2 are incorrect. While repo rate is used to regulate liquidity in the economy, reverse repo rate is used to control cash flow in the market. Please note that the order has been reversed.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Marginal Standing Facility was introduced as a provision for banks to avail overnight (1 day) funds, not fortnight (14 days) funds.

Consider the following statements
1. Retrospective taxation is prohibited in the constitution in Article 20.
2. It is used to tax companies which are indulged in tax evasion.
Which of the above statement(s) is are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Khanna answered
In News: Parliament recently passed Taxation Laws (Amendment) Bill 2021 to bury retrospective taxation.
Statement 1 is not correct: Article 20 bans retrospective legislation for criminal cases not civil cases. And taxation is a civil pursuit.
Statement 2 is not correct: It is used to tax companies which are indulged in tax avoidance not evasion. Evasion of taxes is already an offence but avoidance is finding legal loopholes and avoiding taxation in a legal way.

Surangam recently seen in the news, it is related to
  • a)
    Assembly of Elders
  • b)
    Musical Instrument
  • c)
    Water harvesting structure
  • d)
    Temple Architecture
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
A special water harvesting structure called surangam.
  • It is a horizontal well mostly excavated in hard laterite rock formations.
  • The excavation continues until a good amount of water is struck.
  • Water seeps out of the hard rock and flows out of the tunnel. o This water is usually collected in an open pit constructed outside the surangam
  • Surangams are similar to qanats which once existed in Mesopotamia and Babylon around 700 Before Common Era.
By 714 BCE, this technology had spread to Egypt, Persia and India
  • It resembles karez both in structure and spread.
  • This system has been very effectively used for domestic and agriculture purposes in dry areas of northern Malabar.
  • It is usually found in northern Kerala and southern Karnataka.

Consider the following statements with reference to the ZyCov-D vaccine
1. It is the world's first DNA based COVED-19 vaccine.
2. It is applied using a needle injector.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2 only
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
In News : Recently The Drug Controller General has granted emergency approval to the Zycov-D making it the first vaccine in India that can be administered to adults as well as those 12 and above.
Statement 1 is correct: ZyCoV-D is a COVID-19 vaccine developed by the Ahmedabad based Zydus Cadilla group.
  • ZyCoV-D is a plasmid DNA vaccine that produces the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 and elicits an immune response mediated by the cellular (T lymphocytes immunity) and humoral (antibody-mediated immunity) arms of the human immune system.
  • It's also the only DNA-based vaccine in the world.
Statement 2 is not correct: It is an intradermal vaccine, applied using a ‘needle-free injector’,
  • Zydus claims the needle-free system can lead to asignificant reduction in side effects.

With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, consider the following statements:
1. The prescribed premium is 2% to be paid by farmers for all rabi crops and 1.5% for all Kharif crops.
2. There is no upper limit on Government subsidy.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
Statement 1 is not correct: Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana was launched on 13th January 2016, in line with the One Nation-One Scheme theme, covering over 5.5 crore farmer applications year on year. This scheme replaced two schemes called National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS).
The Scheme shall be implemented on an ‘Area Approach basis’ i.e., Defined Areas for each notified crop for widespread calamities. It aims to provide Insurance coverage and financial support to the farmers in the event of failure of any of the notified crops as a result of natural calamities, pests & diseases. The premium rates to be paid by farmers are very low and the balance premium is paid by the Government to provide the full insured amount to the farmers. The prescribed premium is 2% to be paid by farmers for all Kharif crops and 1.5% for all rabi crops.
In the case of annual commercial and horticultural crops, the premium is 5%.
  • Premium cost over and above the farmer share is equally subsidised by the States and the Center.
  • However, the Centre’s share is 90% of the premium subsidy for the Northeastern States to promote the uptake in the region.
Statement 2 is correct: It shall be implemented through a multi-agency framework by selected insurance companies under the overall guidance & control of the Department of Agriculture and state government. There is no upper limit on Government subsidies.

Ningbo-Zhoushan port, recently seen in the news, is situated in which of the following countries?
  • a)
    Japan
  • b)
    South Korea
  • c)
    China
  • d)
    Singapore
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Khanna answered
In News: Ningbo-Zhoushan in eastern China is the world's third-busiest cargo port. It is China's second-largest container port by handling volume after Shanghai.
Exports: The biggest exports through Ningbo in the first half of this year were electronic goods, textiles and low and high-end manufactured goods.
Imports: Top imports included crude oil, electronics, raw chemicals and agricultural products.

With respect to the mechanism to fight the drug menace set up by the Indian Government, consider the following statements.
1. The Narco Coordination Centre (NCORD) mechanism represents India at different international forums for curbing the worldwide drug menace.
2. An e-portal ‘SIMS’ has been launched by the Ministry of Social Justice to track the state-wise drug prevalence among youth.
Which of the above statements is/are not correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Poonam Reddy answered
In News: The anti-drug law enforcement agencies are suspecting a steep surge in cross-border trafficking of heroin and crystal methamphetamine.
  • It is due to the rapid Taliban takeover in Afghanistan where the economy has collapsed due to internal civil war and unrest.
Statement 1 is not correct. The Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) (not NCORD) coordinated with various international organisations for sharing information and intelligence to combat transnational drug trafficking.
Statement 2 is not correctL Launch of e-portal ‘SIMS’ (Seizure Information Management System) in 2019 was done for the digitisation of pan-India drug seizure data.
  • Launched by the Min of Home Affairs for all the drug law enforcement agencies under the mandate of Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS).

Pahchan Initiative was seen in the news, it is an initiative of which of the following ministries?
  • a)
    Ministry of Education
  • b)
    Ministry of Home Affairs
  • c)
    Ministry of Textiles
  • d)
    Minister for Rural Development, Panchayati Raj and Agriculture & Farmers
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vinod Mehta answered
Option c is correct: A total of 26.79 lakh artisans have been registered so far under the Pahchan initiative. Pahchan initiative was launched in 2016 by the then Union Minister of Textiles. It is an initiative of the Ministry of Textiles to register and provide Identity (ID) cards to handicraft artisans and link them to a national database. Pahchan cards scheme is a newly upgraded ID card for artisans that will be linked with their Aadhaar numbers and bank accounts so that they can receive direct cash-transfer benefits. It has the information of handicrafts artisans viz. name & address, Aadhaar Card number, mobile number and craft practised.

Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP) is being funded by which of the following?
  • a)
    International Monetary Fund and UNICEF
  • b)
    World Bank and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
  • c)
    Asian Development Bank and The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
  • d)
    World Economic Forum and The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
In News: Recently, the Government of India signed a $250 million loan agreement with the World Bank for the Second Phase of Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP Phase II). The Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP) is a State sector scheme.
It was formulated to bridge the funding gap and provide urgent finance to States for the repair and maintenance of Dams. It was launched by the Central Water Commission (CWC) with assistance from the World Bank in 2012. Under the scheme, financial assistance is being provided by the World Bank (WB), and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). It aims to improve the safety and operational performance of selected existing dams and associated appurtenances in a sustainable manner and to strengthen the dam safety institutional setup of participating States / Implementing Agencies. Water Resources Departments and State Electricity Boards in the participating States and Central Water Commission at Central Level.

‘Minervarya Pentali’ recently seen in the news, is related to which of the following species?
  • a)
    Snake
  • b)
    Frog
  • c)
    Butterfly
  • d)
    Ant
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Verma answered
Recently, Delhi University researchers discovered a new frog species in the Western Ghats and named it after former DU Vice-Chancellor and plant geneticist Deepak Pental. The new frog species, Minervarya Pentali, was discovered from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, extending along the southwest coast of the Indian Peninsula.
• It is endemic to the southern Western Ghats.

‘ Al-Mohed A1 - Hindi’ bilateral exercise commenced between which of the following countries?
  • a)
    Israel and Oman
  • b)
    Japan and China
  • c)
    India and Saudi Arabia
  • d)
    Srilanka and Bangladesh
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vinod Mehta answered
In News: Recently, The sea phase of the three day long maiden bilateral exercise ‘ Al-Mohed A1 - Hindi’ between Indian Navy and Royal Saudi Naval Force commenced off the coast of A1 Jubail,Saudi Arabia. • The two navies undertake co-ordinated action against
  • Asymmetric threat
  • Replenishment at sea procedures
  • Anti-piracy and boarding operations.
  • Complex and collaborative exercises including weapon targeting drills beyond the horizon were also conducted to enhance synergy and interoperability between the two navies.

Gati Shakti recently seen in the news, it is related to
  • a)
    A master plan for infrastructure in the country
  • b)
    An express train with cold storage for farmers in the country
  • c)
    A short-range ballistic missile developed by DRDO
  • d)
    A report on wind energy potential released by NITI Aayog
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
Prime Minister of India announced Gati Shakti national master plan for infrastructure in the country
  • The plan will be Rs 100 lakh crore worth of infrastructure schemes that will generate employment opportunities.
  • It appeared as a version of the National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) announced by the government earlier.
  • This new master plan will keep the foundation of a holistic infrastructure plan that will not work in silos.

Which of the following articles in the Indian Constitution deals with “Raising the levels of nutrition and improving public health and standard of life”?
  • a)
    Article 39 A
  • b)
    Article 47
  • c)
    Article 48
  • d)
    Article 48 A
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Alok Verma answered
Article 47 deals with the Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health. The State shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties and, in particular, the State shall endeavour to bring about prohibition of the consumption except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health.

With reference to E Prisons Project, consider the following statements:
1. It has been operationalised only in a few States and Union Territories.
2. It is developed by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Verma answered
Statement 1 is not correct: E Prisons Project aims at computerization of the functioning of prisons in the country and has been operationalised in all States and Union Territories.
• The e-Prisons application suite integrates all the activities related to prison and prisoner management.
Statement 2 is not correct: The E-Prisons application suite has been developed by National Informatics Centre (NIC), Ministry of Electronics & IT (MeitY). It provides vital information about the inmates lodged in the prisons in a real-time environment to the courts, prison officials and other entities involved in the Criminal Justice System. It facilitates online visit requests and grievance redressal.

He had designed a flag, known as the Swaraj Flag, that now forms the basis of India’s present-day national flag. He met Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa during the Second Boer War (1899-1902) when he was posted there as part of the British Indian Army. He came up with a booklet titled ‘A National Flag for India’ in 1916.
He was
  • a)
    Jawahar Lai Nehru
  • b)
    Pingali Venkayya
  • c)
    Bankim Chandra Chatteijee
  • d)
    Rabindranath Tagore
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Khanna answered
Pingali Venkayya was a freedom fighter and the designer and architect of the national flag of India. He had designed a flag, known as the Swaraj Flag, that now forms the basis of India’s present-day national flag. It consisted of red and green bands to symbolize the two major communities in the country- Hindus and Muslims. He met Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa during the Second Boer War (1899-1902) when he was posted there as part of the British Indian Army. On the advice of Mahatma Gandhi, Pingali Venkayya added a white band over red over green with a charkha design onto Khadi bunting. The white represented peace and the rest of the communities living in India, and the spinning wheel symbolized the progress of the country. Gandhiji’s approval had made it sufficiently popular and it was in use till 1931. The flag, however, had raised communal concerns after which a Flag Committee was set up in 1931.

He was bom into an Ezhava family, He led the Reform movement in Kerala, revolted against the caste system. He established Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam. He took up other campaigns to enlighten the people, giving the mantra “Enlightenment through Education, Strength through Organization, Economic Independence through Industries”
He was:
  • a)
    Sree Narayana Gum
  • b)
    Debendranath Tagore
  • c)
    Dadoba Pandurang
  • d)
    Mahadev Gobind Ranade
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vinod Mehta answered
In News: Recently, The Prime Minister of India has paid tributes to Sree Narayana Guru on his Jayanti.
  • Shree Narayana Guru was bom in 1856, in the village of Chempazhanthi near Thiruvananthapuram as the son of Madan Asan, a farmer, and Kutti Amma.
  • He was bom into an Ezhava family, in an era when people from backward communities faced social injustice in the caste-ridden Kerala society.
  • He led the Reform movement in Kerala, revolted against the caste system and worked on propagating new values of freedom in spirituality and social equality which transformed Kerala society.
  • He became a ‘Parivrajaka’ (one who wanders from place to place in quest of Truth)after the demise of the father and wife.
  • After the famous Sivalinga Prathishtta at Aruvippuramin 1888, he consecrated idols and founded many temples all over Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
  • In 1903, He established Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam to unite the masses through organization and make them a self-confident and self-respecting community of people.
  • In 1913, he founded the Advaita Ashram at Aluva. This Ashram was dedicated to a great principle - Om Sahodaryam Sarvatra (all men are equal in the eyes of God).
In 1921, a Conference of Universal Brotherhood was held at Aluva.
  • The Sivagiri pilgrimage was established in 1924 to promote the virtues of cleanliness, education, devotion, agriculture, handicrafts, and trade.
  • He took up other campaigns to enlighten the people, giving the mantra “Enlightenment through Education, Strength through Organization, Economiclndependence through Industries”.

Consider the following statements regarding the recently launched Student Entrepreneurship Program 3.0:
1. It has been launched by the Ministry of Skill Development.
2. It will aim at 3D printing technology-based start-up developments.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
In News: Atal Innovation Mission has launched Student Entrepreneurship Program 3.0 in Collaboration With Dassault Systemes Statement 1 is not correct. It has been launched by Atal Innovation Mission to boost Atal Tinkering Lab Students.
Statement 2 is Correct. The theme of SEP 3.0 is based on the ‘Made in 3D - Seed the Future Entrepreneurs Program’.
  • It was conceptualized and rolled out in France by La Main a la Pate Foundation and La Fondation Dassault Systemes Europe in 2017.
  • So it will focus on 3D printing-related startups.

With reference to Government Security (G-Sec), consider the following statements
1. It is a tradable instrument which can be issued by both the Central and the State Governments.
2. It carries a high risk of default.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Khanna answered
Statement 1 is correct: A Government Security (G-Sec) is a tradable instrument issued by the Central Government or the State Governments. It acknowledges the Government’s debt obligation. Such securities are short term (usually called treasury bills, with original maturities of less than one year) or long term (usually called Government bonds or dated securities with an original maturity of one year or more).
Statement 2 is not correct: In India, the Central Government issues both, treasury bills and bonds or dated securities while the State Governments issue only bonds or dated securities, which are called the State Development Loans (SDLs). G-Secs carry practically no risk of default and, hence, are called risk-free gilt-edged instruments.

Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG) recently seen in the news, it is linked to which of the following diseases?
  • a)
    Poliomyelitis
  • b)
    Tuberculosis (TB)
  • c)
    Cancer
  • d)
    Malaria
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Verma answered
In News: Recently, The centenary celebration of the discovery of the Bacillus CalmetteGuerin (BCG) vaccine was observed.
The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is a live attenuated strain derived from an isolate of Mycobacterium Bovis. It has been used widely across the world as a vaccine for tuberculosis.
  • BCG was developed by two Frenchmen, Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin.
  • It was first used in humans in 1921.
  • Currently, BCG is the only licensed vaccine available for the prevention of TB.
  • It is the world’s most widely used vaccine with about 120 million doses every year and has an excellent safety record.

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