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All questions of July 2021 for UPSC CSE Exam

Pegasus, sometimes seen in news, is is a:
  • a)
    variant of Covid 19 virus
  • b)
    dwarf planet found by scientists
  • c)
    spyware
  • d)
    supercomputer
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
Option c is correct: Pegasus is spyware that can be installed on devices running some versions of iOS, Apple's mobile operating system, as well on devices running Android. It was developed by the Israeli cyberarms firm NSO Group. It mainly uses Exploit Links for its working. Clicking on such links automatically installs Pegasus on the user's phone. The method of Social Engineering is used.
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Raja Mircha, recently certified as a Geographical Indications (GI) tag, is associated with which of the following Indian states?
  • a)
    Mizoram
  • b)
    Odisha
  • c)
    Nagaland
  • d)
    Assam
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: Recently, Raja Mircha has been exported to London via Guwahati by air for the first time.
Option C is correct: Raja Mircha is also known as King Chilli and it is considered as the world’s hottest on the basis of Scoville Heat Units (SHUs). It is highly perishable in nature and belongs to the genus Capsicum of the family Solanaceae. The chilli from Nagaland is also referred to as Bhoot Jolokia or Ghost pepper. It was certified as a Geographical Indications (GI) tag to the state of Nagaland in 2008.

Filariasis is a parasitic disease, caused by:
  • a)
    Wuchereria bancrofti
  • b)
    Entamoeba histolytica
  • c)
    Babesia microti
  • d)
    Trypanosoma cruzi
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
Option A is correct: Globally considered as a neglected tropical disease (NTD).
  • It is a parasitic disease caused by microscopic, thread-like worms. Wuchereria bancrofti, is responsible for 90% of the cases. The adult worms only live in the human lymph system. The lymph system maintains the body’s fluid balance and fights infections.
  • Transmission: It is spread from person to person by mosquitoes. It is a leading cause of permanent disability worldwide.

With reference to the Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, consider the following statements:
1. These are naturally emitted radiations covering the wavelength range of 100-400 nm.
2. UV-B and UV-C radiations can reach the Earth’s atmosphere.
3. Only UV-B causes sunburns and can damage the DNA.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    3 only
  • d)
    1,2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: Recently, it has been decided that Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) air duct disinfection systems would be installed in Parliament for mitigation of Covid-19.
Statement 1 is correct: Ultraviolet Light is a type of light or radiation naturally emitted by the Sun and covers a wavelength range of 100-400 nm (human visible light ranges from 380-700 nm).
Statement 2 is not correct: UV-A and UV-B rays from the Sun are transmitted through the atmosphere and all UV-C is filtered by the ozone layer.
Statement 3 is not correct: UV-B (wavelength 280-315 nm) can only reach the outer layer of skin or epidermis and can cause sunburns and are also associated with skin cancer. UV-A (315-400 nm) can penetrate the middle layer of skin or the dermis and can cause aging of skin cells and indirect damage to cells’ DNA. UV-C (100-280 nm) radiation from man-made sources has been known to cause skin bums and eye injuries.

Consider the following statements:
1. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an independent non-governmental organization.
2. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) is UN’s Specialized Agency.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Khanna answered
Statement 1 is correct: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an independent conservation organization. It is an international non-governmental organization founded in 1961. It works in the field of wilderness preservation and the reduction of human impact on the environment.
Statement 2 is not correct: United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) is UN’s fund and Programme. Its headquarters is in Nairobi, Kenya.

With reference to the Narmada River, which of the following statements are correct?
1. It originates from the Amarkantak region in Madhya Pradesh.
2. As per the 1979 award of the Narmada Water Dispute Tribunal, its water is shared amongst Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
3. It drains into the Arabian Sea at the Gulf of Kutch.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1,2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajiv Reddy answered
In News: Recently, authorities have carried out the relocation of crocodiles from Panchmuli lake near the Statue of Unity in Narmada district, Gujarat.
Statement 1 is correct: Narmada river is the fifth-largest river in India. It originates from the Amarkantak region in Madhya Pradesh and traverses around 1,312 km.
Statement 2 is correct: It is a classic case of Integrated River Basin Planning, Development, and Management, with water storage available in all major, medium, and minor dams on the main river and its tributaries, shared amongst four party states (Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra) in the ratio stipulated by the 1979 award of the Narmada Water Dispute Tribunal.
Statement 3 is not correct: It drains into the Arabian Sea at the Gulf of Cambay.

Proposed Lemru and Badalkhol Tamorpingla Elephant Reserves, recently seen in the news, are located in?
  • a)
    Madhya Pradesh
  • b)
    Telangana
  • c)
    Chhattisgarh
  • d)
    Maharashtra
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ankita Sengupta answered
Proposed Lemru and Badalkhol Tamorpingla Elephant Reserves are located in Chhattisgarh.

Explanation:
The proposed Lemru and Badalkhol Tamorpingla Elephant Reserves have been in the news recently as Chhattisgarh government approved the creation of these reserves to protect and conserve the elephant population in the state.

1. Location:
The proposed reserves are located in the state of Chhattisgarh, which is in central India. Chhattisgarh shares its borders with several states including Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Odisha.

2. Purpose:
The creation of these elephant reserves is aimed at safeguarding the habitat and ensuring the conservation of elephants in the state. Elephants are an important part of the ecosystem and play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the forest ecosystem.

3. Lemru Elephant Reserve:
The Lemru Elephant Reserve is proposed to be established in the Surguja and Korba districts of Chhattisgarh. It spans an area of approximately 450 square kilometers. This reserve will help in protecting the elephant corridors and their natural habitat.

4. Badalkhol Tamorpingla Elephant Reserve:
The Badalkhol Tamorpingla Elephant Reserve is proposed to be set up in the Balrampur and Surajpur districts of Chhattisgarh. It covers an area of around 550 square kilometers. This reserve aims to provide a secure environment for elephants and reduce human-elephant conflicts.

5. Significance:
These proposed elephant reserves are significant as they will help in the conservation of the elephant population in Chhattisgarh. The reserves will provide a protected habitat for elephants and promote their well-being. Additionally, they will contribute to the preservation of the overall biodiversity of the region.

In conclusion, the proposed Lemru and Badalkhol Tamorpingla Elephant Reserves are located in Chhattisgarh. These reserves aim to protect and conserve the elephant population in the state and ensure their long-term survival.

Which temple is given the tag of ‘brightest star in the galaxy of medieval temples of the Deccan’?
  • a)
    Raja rani Temple
  • b)
    Brihadeshwara Temple
  • c)
    Meenakshi Temple
  • d)
    Rudreshwara Temple
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
The European merchants and travellers were mesmerised by the beauty of the temple and one such traveller had remarked that the temple was the ‘brightest star in the galaxy of medieval temples of the Deccan’. The historic Rudreswara Temple, popularly known as Ramappa Temple, near Warangal has received the coveted World Heritage status by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).

Arrange the tributaries of the Indus River from north to south.
1. Chenab
2. Jhelum
3. Beas
4. Ravi
5. Sutlej
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
  • a)
    1-2-3-4-5
  • b)
    2-1-3-4-5
  • c)
    3-1-2-4-5
  • d)
    2-1-4-3-5
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Poonam Reddy answered
In News: Recently, India has diverted excess waters under the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) 1960 to irrigate its own land.
Option D is correct: Correct sequence of the tributaries of the Indus River from north to south is Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej.

Article 311 of the Indian Constitution deals with:
  • a)
    Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State
  • b)
    Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State.
  • c)
    Creation of new All-India services
  • d)
    Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Gauri Menon answered
Article 311 of the Indian Constitution deals with: Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State.

Article 311 of the Indian Constitution provides certain safeguards to government officials who are employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State. It lays down the procedure to be followed for their dismissal, removal, or reduction in rank. This article ensures that these officials are not arbitrarily or unfairly treated and are given an opportunity to defend themselves.

Key provisions of Article 311:

1. Protection against dismissal, removal, or reduction in rank: Article 311(1) states that no government official can be dismissed, removed, or reduced in rank except after an inquiry in which he/she has been informed of the charges against them and given a reasonable opportunity to be heard in their defense.

2. Exceptions: However, there are two exceptions to this provision. Article 311(2) allows the government to dismiss, remove, or reduce the rank of an official without conducting an inquiry in the following cases:
- If the official is dismissed or removed or reduced in rank on the ground of conduct which has led to his/her conviction in a criminal court.
- If the official is dismissed or removed or reduced in rank on the ground of conduct which has led to his/her conviction in a departmental inquiry.

3. Submission of report: Article 311(2) also requires that the grounds on which an official is dismissed, removed, or reduced in rank must be communicated to them in writing. A report of the inquiry must also be submitted to the higher authority for review.

4. Right to representation: Article 311(2) further provides the right to representation. The government official has the right to be represented by a lawyer or an authorized person during the inquiry.

5. Protection of tenure: Article 311(2) protects the tenure of government officials by ensuring that they cannot be dismissed or removed or reduced in rank by an authority subordinate to the one by which they were appointed.

6. Review by the Public Service Commission: If a government official intends to challenge the decision of dismissal, removal, or reduction in rank, Article 311(2) allows them to appeal to the Public Service Commission.

Conclusion:

Article 311 of the Indian Constitution provides essential safeguards to government officials employed in civil capacities. It ensures that no official is dismissed, removed, or reduced in rank without a fair inquiry and an opportunity to present their defense. This article upholds the principles of natural justice and protects the tenure of government officials.

Panchmuli Lake, recently seen in the news, is located in?
  • a)
    Rajasthan
  • b)
    Madhya Pradesh
  • c)
    Gujarat
  • d)
    Maharashtra
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Ghosh answered
Panchmuli Lake, which has recently been in the news, is located in Gujarat. Here is a detailed explanation of this answer:

Location of Panchmuli Lake:
Panchmuli Lake is situated in the state of Gujarat, India. It is located in the Gir Forest National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary, which is known for its rich biodiversity and is the only natural habitat of the Asiatic lions.

Importance of Panchmuli Lake:
Panchmuli Lake holds significant ecological and environmental importance in the region. It serves as a vital water source for the wildlife residing in the Gir Forest National Park. The lake also attracts various migratory birds, making it a popular spot for birdwatching enthusiasts.

Conservation Efforts:
Over the years, there have been concerted efforts to conserve and protect Panchmuli Lake and its surrounding ecosystem. The Gujarat Forest Department, along with other organizations and local communities, has implemented measures to preserve the lake's water quality and biodiversity.

Threats to Panchmuli Lake:
However, Panchmuli Lake, like many other water bodies, faces several challenges that put its ecosystem at risk. Pollution from nearby human settlements and agricultural activities, as well as encroachment on its banks, are some of the threats faced by the lake.

Conservation Initiatives:
To address these issues, various conservation initiatives have been undertaken. These include raising awareness among local communities about the importance of preserving the lake, implementing stricter regulations to prevent pollution, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices in the area.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Panchmuli Lake is located in Gujarat, specifically within the Gir Forest National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary. It plays a crucial role in supporting the local wildlife and attracts migratory birds. Efforts are being made to conserve and protect the lake and its ecosystem from various threats.

Kalbelia Dance is a tribal dance from which of the following states?
  • a)
    Madhya Pradesh
  • b)
    Rajasthan
  • c)
    Odisha
  • d)
    Karnataka
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Verma answered
Option b is correct: Kalbeliya, the snake dance from the state of Rajasthan is a piece of art performed by the Kalbeliya tribe and hence is its name. The word Kalbeliya is a blend of two words which are ‘Kal’ and ‘Beliya’. Kalbeliya dance is a folk dance performed in the Rajasthan state of India. It is one of the most sensuous dance forms. The dance is mainly performed by the Kalbeliya community. It is danced to celebrate the happy moment in the community. Both men and women participate in Kalbeliya dance.

With reference to Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC), consider the following statements:
1. The idea for its establishment was given by the Raghuram Raj an Committee.
2. It is a Statutory Body.
3. It is headed by the RBI Governor.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 3 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 only
  • d)
    2 only
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Verma answered
Statement 1 is correct: Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC) is an apex-level body constituted by the government of India. The idea to create such a super regulatory body was first mooted by the Raghuram Rajan Committee in 2008. Finally in 2010, the then Finance Ministry decided to set up such an autonomous body dealing with macro prudential and financial regularities in the entire financial sector of India.
Statement 2 is not correct: An apex-level FSDC is not a statutory body.
Statement 3 is not correct: It is headed by the Union Finance Minister of India. Its members include-
  • Governor Reserve Bank of India (RBI),
  • Finance Secretary and/ or Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs (DEA),
  • Secretary, Department of Financial Services (DFS), o Secretary, Ministry of Corporate Affairs,
  • Secretary, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology,
  • Chief Economic Advisor, Ministry of Finance,
  • Chairman, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI),
  • Chairman, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA),
  • Chairman, Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA),
  • Chairman, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI).

Kanwar Yatra, recently seen in the news, is a pilgrimage associated with which of the following worship traditions?
  • a)
    Vaishnavism
  • b)
    Shaivism
  • c)
    Vajrayana
  • d)
    Shaktism
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: Recently, the Supreme Court (SC) has allowed Kanwar Yatra with certain restrictions.
Option B is correct: Kanwar Yatra is a pilgrimage organised in the Hindu calendar month of Shravana and is related to Shaivism. Saffron-clad Shiva devotees generally walk barefoot with pitchers of holy water from the Ganga or other holy rivers. Devotees carry the pitchers of holy water on their shoulders, balanced on decorated slings known as Kanwars. Vaishnavism, another major form of modern Hinduism, is characterised by devotion to the god Vishnu and his incarnations. Shaktism is the worship of the Hindu goddess Shakti. Vajrayana is the form of Tantric Buddhism that developed in India and neighbouring countries, notably Tibet.

Historic Urban Landscape Project, recently seen in the news, is carried out by?
  • a)
    Archaeological Survey of India
  • b)
    International Council on Monuments and Sites
  • c)
    United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
  • d)
    Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: Recently, Gwalior and Orchha (Madhya Pradesh) have been selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) under the Historic Urban Landscape Project.
Option C is correct: On 10th November 2011 UNESCO’s General Conference adopted the new Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape by acclamation, the first such instrument on the historic environment issued by UNESCO in 35 years. The project was started for the inclusive and well-planned development of fast-growing historical cities while preserving the culture and heritage. Apart from newly selected Gwalior and Orchha (Madhya Pradesh), Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) and Ajmer (Rajasthan) are the other two Indian cities recognised under the project.

Recently seen in news, KIRAN Helpline, is associated with:
  • a)
    Assistance for elderly people
  • b)
    Support to adolescent girls
  • c)
    Guidance to college students
  • d)
    Relief and support to persons with Mental Illness
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vinod Mehta answered
The 24x7 Toll-Free Mental Health Rehabilitation Helpline KIRAN (1800-599-0019) was launched by DEPwD, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. It provides relief and support to persons with Mental Illness and in view of the growing incidence of mental illness, particularly in the wake of Pandemic COVID-19. It is working in 13 languages.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (I.U.C.N.) listed Red sanders as
  • a)
    Endangered
  • b)
    Near Threatened
  • c)
    Vulnerable
  • d)
    Least Concern
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Poonam Reddy answered
Option B is correct. Red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus) are known for their rich hue and therapeutic properties. It is declared Near Threatened in the IUCN Red List.

With reference to the Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF), consider the following statements:
1. It is a pan India Central Sponsored Scheme launched in the year 2020.
2. It will provide a short term debt financing facility for investment in viable projects for post-harvest management Infrastructure.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: Recently, the Union Cabinet approved modifications in the central sector scheme of financing facility under the 'Agriculture Infrastructure Fund'.
Both the statements are not correct: It is a pan India Central Sector Scheme launched in the year 2020. Aim: To provide a medium - long term debt financing facility for investment in viable projects for post-harvest management Infrastructure and community farming assets through interest subvention and financial support. Duration: Extended to 13 years (FY2020 to FY2032).

Which of the following commissions is/are related to Reservation in India?
1. Mandal commission
2. Fazl Ali Commission
3. Rohini commission
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
  • a)
    1 and 3 only
  • b)
    1 only
  • c)
    2 only
  • d)
    1,2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
Statements 1 and 3 are correct: The Mandal Commission, or the Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Commission (SEBC), was established in India in 1979 by the Janata Party government under Prime Minister Morarji Desai with a mandate to "identify the socially or educationally backward classes" of India. In 1955, after nearly two years of study, the Commission recommended that India's state boundaries should be reorganised to form 14 states and 6 territories. States Reorganisation Commission consisted of Fazal Ali, K. M. Panikkar and H. N. Kunzru. Rohini Commission, which took charge on October 11, 2017, is headed by retired Delhi high court chief justice G Rohini. The commission is constituted of Centre for Policy Studies director Dr J K Bajaj is a member and two other ex-officio members. It was set up to examine the possibility of creating categories within OBCs for the reservation to ensure “equitable distribution” of representation among all OBC communities.

Harit Dhara, recently seen in the news, is a?
  • a)
    Bamboo plantation drive
  • b)
    Irrigation method
  • c)
    Animal feed supplement
  • d)
    Algae fertilizer
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
In News: Recently, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has developed Harit Dhara.
Option C is correct: Harit Dhara is an anti-methanogenic feed supplement, which cuts down their methane emissions by 17-20 per cent and also results in higher milk production and body weight gain. It acts by decreasing the population of protozoa microbes in the rumen, the first of their four stomachs, responsible for hydrogen production and available to the archaea for reduction of CO2 to methane. It is a win-win situation for both the environment and the livestock farmers.

With reference to Kongu Nadu, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It finds mention in Purana literature as a separate territory.
2. It derives its name from Kongu Vellala Gounder, an Other Backward Caste (OBC) community.
3. It includes prominent businesses and industrial hubs like Salem and Coimbatore.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    3 only
  • d)
    1,2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: Recently, the new list of Union Cabinet ministers has mentioned the name of ‘Kongu Nadu’, the informal name for a region in the western part of Tamil Nadu.
Statement 1 is not correct: In Tamil literature, it was referred to as one of the five regions of ancient Tamil Nadu. There were mentions of ‘Kongu Nadu’ in Sangam literature as a separate territory.
Statement 2 is correct: The name derives from Kongu Vellala Gounder, an Other Backward Caste (OBC) community with a significant presence in these districts.
Statement 3 is correct: The region includes prominent businesses and industrial hubs at Namakkal, Salem, Tirupur and Coimbatore.

With reference to Polar Lights, consider the following statements:
1. These are caused by interactions between solar winds and gases in Earth’s atmosphere.
2. In the whole universe, the phenomenon can be witnessed only on the Earth.
3. On the south pole of the Earth, these lights are called Aurora Borealis.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    1 and 2 only
  • c)
    3 only
  • d)
    2 and 3 only
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Khanna answered
In News: Recently, the Hope spacecraft, sent by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to orbit Mars, has captured images of discrete auroras on Mars.
Statement 1 is correct: Polar lights or auroras are caused when solar wind, charged particles ejected from the Sun’s surface, enter the Earth’s atmosphere and interact with different gases in the atmosphere, causing a display of light in the night sky.
Statement 2 is not correct: The phenomenon of auroras is not special to Earth and can be seen on other planets as well. For example, discrete auroras of Mars, which are not restricted to the planet's poles but are seen all around the planet at night time.
Statement 3 is not correct: On the north pole of Earth, these lights are called Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights and are seen from the US (Alaska), Canada, Iceland, Greenland, Norway, Sweden and Finland. On the south pole, they are called Aurora Australis or Southern Lights and are visible from high latitudes in Antarctica, Chile, Argentina, New Zealand and Australia.

Consider the following statements:
1. Bhalia is a GI certified variety of wheat
2. This crop has high protein content
3. It is grown in rainfed conditions without irrigation.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    1 only
  • d)
    1,2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: Recently, the first shipment of Geographical Indication (GI) certified Bhalia variety of wheat was exported to Kenya and Sri Lanka from Gujarat.
All the statements are correct: Bhalia is a variety of wheat that received GI certification in July 2011. It has high protein content and is sweet in taste. The crop is grown mostly across the Bhal region of Gujarat which includes Ahmedabad, Anand, Kheda, Bhavanagar, Surendranagar, Bharuch districts. This variety is grown in rainfed conditions without irrigation.

Recently seen in news, Soberana is:
  • a)
    An anti-tank missile
  • b)
    A conjugate vaccine
  • c)
    An iceberg in the Antarctica
  • d)
    A rare plant
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Hitbullseye Cat answered
Option B is correct: Soberana, recently developed by Cuba, is a conjugate vaccine. While there are no inherent disadvantages to taking a conjugate vaccine approach for coronavirus vaccines, they have generally been used against bacteria and not viruses.

Project-75 India, sometimes seen in the news, is related to?
  • a)
    Preservation of world heritage sites
  • b)
    Chemical fertiliser free agriculture
  • c)
    Digitising ancient scriptures
  • d)
    Constructing submarines indigenously
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: Recently, the Defence Ministry has issued the Request For Proposal (RFP) for construction of six advanced conventional submarines for the Navy under Project-75 India or P-751.
Option D is correct: P-751 envisages indigenous construction of six modem conventional submarines with contemporary equipment, weapons and sensors including Fuel-Cell based Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system, advanced torpedoes, modem missiles and state-of-the-art countermeasure systems. It will be an important step towards meeting broader national objectives, encouraging self reliance and aligning the defence sector.

With reference to Vivekananda, which of the following statements are correct?
1. He propounded the philosophy of Neo-Vedanta.
2. His theory of ethics was based on the intrinsic purity and oneness of the Atman.
3. He was a part of the Brahmo Samaj.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Alok Verma answered
In News: Every year, 4th July is observed as the death anniversary of Swami Vivekananda, who is regarded as one of the finest spiritual leaders and intellectuals from India.
Statement 1 is correct: He preached ‘Neo-Vedanta’ and believed in combining spirituality with material progress. Neo-Vedanta is a modern interpretation of Vedanta, with a liberal attitude toward the Vedas. It reconciles dualism and non-dualism and rejects the "universal illusionism" of Shankara.
Statement 2 is correct: He gave a new theory of ethics and a new principle of morality based on the intrinsic purity and oneness of the Atman. According to him, ethics is a code of conduct that helps a person to be a good citizen.
Statement 3 is correct: Social reform was a prominent element of Vivekananda’s thought and he joined the Brahmo Samaj, which was dedicated to eliminating child marriage and illiteracy.

With reference to Tidal Waves, consider the following statements:
1. These are reoccurring shallow water waves caused by the gravitational interactions between the Sun, Moon and Earth.
2. Tsunamis are a more severe form of tidal waves.
Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
In News: Recently, Ramayapalli village in Odisha’s Ganjam district has witnessed a tidal wave.
Statement 1 is correct: A tidal wave is a regularly reoccurring shallow water wave caused by the gravitational interactions between the Sun, Moon, and Earth.
Statement 2 is not correct: The term "tidal wave" is often used to refer to tsunamis; however, this reference is incorrect as tsunamis have nothing to do with tides. Although both are sea waves, a tsunami and a tidal wave are two different and unrelated phenomena. A tsunami is an ocean wave triggered by large earthquakes that occur near or under the ocean, volcanic eruptions, submarine landslides or onshore landslides in which large volumes of debris fall into the water.

‘Fit for 55 Package’ was recently seen in the news, it is specifically related to:
  • a)
    Food Security
  • b)
    Health implication due to Trans Fat
  • c)
    Immigrants
  • d)
    Climate Change
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
In News: Recently, the European Commission has announced a plan called ‘Fit for 55 Package’ for all its members against climate change.
Option D is correct: The package will make the EU's climate, energy, land use, transport and taxation policies fit for reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels. These measures are the EU’s roadmap to achieve its target to reduce emissions by 55% by 2030, compared with 1990 levels. Its target is more aggressive than that of the United States, which committed to reducing emissions by 40% to 43% over the same period, but behind Britain, which pledged a 68% reduction. It includes a contentious plan called “Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism” which would impose tariffs on imported products based on the greenhouse gas emissions associated with them.

Which article of Indian Constitution prohibits the slaughter of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle?
  • a)
    Article 47
  • b)
    Article 48
  • c)
    Article 48A
  • d)
    Article 49
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vinod Mehta answered
Option B is correct: Article 48 of Indian Constitution states that the State shall endeavour to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modem and scientific lines and shall, in particular, take steps for preserving and improving the breeds, and prohibiting the slaughter, of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle.

With reference to the NASA spacecraft NEA Scout, consider the following statements:
1. It will be one of the payloads of Artemis I.
2. It is USA’s first interplanetary mission using a special solar sail propulsion.
3. It will fly to and collect data from Trojan asteroids of Jupiter.
Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    1 and 2 only
  • c)
    3 only
  • d)
    2 and 3 only
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: Recently, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) new spacecraft Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) Scout has completed all required tests.
Statement 1 is correct: NEA Scout is a small spacecraft, about the size of a big shoebox and has been safely tucked inside the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket. It is one of several payloads that will hitch a ride on Artemis I, expected to be launched in November 2021.
Statement 2 is correct: It will also be USA’s first interplanetary mission using a special solar sail propulsion, which uses sunlight to propel vehicles through space. It uses solar photons (sunlight) which are reflected off giant, mirror-like sails made of lightweight, reflective material. The continuous photonic pressure provides enough thrust to perform maneuvers.
Statement 3 is not correct: Its main mission is to fly by and collect data from a Near Earth Asteroid (NEA), which despite its size, could pose a threat to Earth. Understanding NEAs’ properties could help develop strategies for reducing the potential damage caused in the event of an impact. Lucy will be the first NASA space mission to study the Trojans asteroids of Jupiter and will be launched in October 2021.

Cabo Delgado was seen in the news, it's one of the province of:
  • a)
    Tanzania
  • b)
    Nigeria
  • c)
    Mozambique
  • d)
    Turkey
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
Option c is correct: The European Union has approved a Military Training Mission in Cabo Delgado province of Mozambique to support armed forces there to protect the civilian population. Cabo Delgado is the northernmost province of Mozambique. As well as bordering the neighbouring country of Tanzania, it borders the provinces of Nampula and Niassa. The region is an ethnic stronghold of the Makonde tribe, with the Makua and Mwani as leading ethnic minorities.

Maguri-Motapung Wetland recently seen in the news, it is located in
  • a)
    Tripura
  • b)
    Sikkim
  • c)
    Assam
  • d)
    Nagaland
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: Recently, casualties have been reported after clashes on the issue of compensation for damages to Maguri-Motapung wetland (or beel).
• The wetland derives its name from ‘Magur', the local word for the catfish Clarius batrachus, once found here in abundance. The second half of the name comes from a village nearby and Beel is the Assamese word for the wetland.
• It is located close to the Dibru Saikhowa National Park in Upper Assam’s Tinsukia district.
o The Dibru river flows from east to west through the wetland. To the northwest of the wetland is a river, which was once called Dangori. It has been captured by the bigger river Lohit.
• The wetland regime is a critical part of the Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve, an ecological corridor to Namdapha National Park and sustains the ecological integrity of the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot.
• This landscape is mostly water and comprises wetlands, swamp forests and grasslands.
o It has a grassland adjacent to it and the entire ecosystem (grassland and wetland) is very important as it is home to at least 304 bird species, including a number of endemic ones like Black-breasted parrotbill and Marsh babbler.
• It is home to 37 species of mammals, 503 species of birds, 42 species of reptiles, 17 species of amphibia, 104 species of fish and 105 species of butterflies, according to one 2016 survey.
o It has over 110 bird species, of which eight are regarded as threatened by the IUCN, which include the Falcated Duck, Ferruginous duck and Swamp Prinia.
o The Lesser Adjutant, Baikal Teal, Swamp Francolin and Marsh Babbler are classified as less threatened.
• It was declared an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) in 1996 by the Bombay Natural History Society.
• In May 2020, it was adversely affected by a blowout and fire at an Oil India Limited-owned gas well.
o The resulting oil spill killed a number of fish, snakes as well as an endangered Gangetic dolphin, and the fire had burnt a large portion of the grassland.

Consider the following statements:
1. The UDAN Scheme was launched by the Ministry of Tourism.
2. UDAN 4.0 specially focuses on North-Eastern Regions, Hilly States and Islands.
Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: Recently, the Union Minister of Civil Aviation has virtually flagged off 8 new routes from Madhya Pradesh to Maharashtra and Gujarat to bolster regional air connectivity under Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik (UDAN) Scheme.
Statement 1 is not correct: The UDAN Scheme was launched as a regional connectivity scheme under the Ministry of Civil Aviation in 2016. It offers a unique opportunity to a common man to fly at an affordable price.
Statement 2 is correct: The 4th round of UDAN (4.0) was launched in December 2019 with a special focus on North-Eastern Regions, Hilly States and Islands. It intends to boost inclusive national economic growth, employment opportunities, and air transport infrastructure development across the nation. It has played a major role in adding new airports and routes to the aviation landscape of the country.

With reference to BharatNet Project, consider the following statements:
1. It is being funded by the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF).
2. It is being implemented by Bharat Broadband Network Limited (BBNL).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
Statement 1 is correct: The BharatNet project originally aimed to provide broadband services at 100 Mbps to around 2.5 lakh gram panchayats of the country. The entire project is being funded by the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF), which was set up for improving telecom services in rural and remote areas of the country.
Statement 2 is correct: The project is being implemented by Bharat Broadband Network Limited (BBNL) through a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV).

Right to Privacy cannot be derived from which of the following Articles of Indian Constitution?
  • a)
    Article 13
  • b)
    Article 14
  • c)
    Article 19
  • d)
    Article 21
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: Recently, a plea has been filed in Delhi High Court to exercise the right of being forgotten.
Option A is correct: The Supreme Court confirmed that the Right to Privacy is a Fundamental Right that does not need to be separately articulated but can be derived from Articles 14, 19 and 21 of the Constitution of India. It is a natural right that subsists as an integral part to the right to life and liberty.

With reference to Preventive Detention, consider the following statements:
1. The Constitution of India empowers Parliament to make laws on Preventive detention.
2. Article 21 of Indian Constitution deals with the Preventive Detention.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: Recently, the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi granted powers of detaining authority to the Chief of Delhi Police.
Statement 1 is correct: Under Entry 9 of List I (better known as the ‘Union List’), Parliament has the exclusive power to enact a law for preventive detention for the reasons connected with defence, foreign affairs, or security of India.
Statement 2 is not correct: Article 22 of the Indian Constitution provides protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.

With reference to the Pegasus Spyware, consider the following statements:
1. It uses exploit links which automatically installs it on the user's device upon clicking.
2. It can be installed on devices running on Android systems only.
Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: Recently, over 300 mobile phone numbers in India have been targeted by Pegasus.
Statement 1 is correct: It mainly uses exploit links for its working. Clicking on such links automatically installs Pegasus on the user's phone. The method of Social Engineering is used. In the context of information security, social engineering is the psychological manipulation of people into performing actions or divulging confidential information.
Statement 2 is not correct: It can be installed on devices running some versions of iOS (Apple's mobile operating system) and on devices running on Android. It was developed by the Israeli cyberarms firm NSO Group, which is a highly-regulated enterprise that provides government agencies an essential tool to monitor terrorists and criminals.

Enceladus, recently seen in the news, is a?
  • a)
    Asteroid
  • b)
    Moon
  • c)
    Black hole
  • d)
    Comet
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: A recently published paper has concluded that there may be unknown methane- producing processes on Enceladus.
Option B is correct: Enceladus is the 6th largest moon of Saturn. NASA’s Cassini spacecraft detected an unusually high concentration of methane, along with carbon dioxide and dihydrogen, in Saturn’s moons by flying through their plumes. New statistical methods are being used to understand if methanogenesis (methane production by microbes) could explain the molecular hydrogen and methane on Enceladus.

With reference to Speaker, consider the following statements:
1. H/She need not be a member of the house of Indian Parliament.
2. H/She presides over the joint sittings of the two Houses of Parliament.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
Statement 1 is not correct: As such, no specific qualifications are prescribed for being elected the Speaker. The Constitution only requires that the Speaker should be a member of the House.
Statement 2 is correct: The Speaker presides over the House proceedings and joint sittings of the two Houses of Parliament.

With reference to the Bamboo Oasis on Lands in Drought project, consider the following statements:
1. It has been launched by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare.
2. It aims to create bamboo-based green patches in arid and semi-arid land zones.
Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: Recently, the Bamboo Oasis on Lands in Drought (BOLD) project has been initiated.
Statement 1 is not correct: It has been launched by Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) as part of its Khadi Bamboo Festival to celebrate 75 years of independence, “Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav”.
Statement 2 is correct: It seeks to create bamboo-based green patches in arid and semi-arid land zones. Bamboos are known for conserving water and reducing evaporation of water from the land surface, which becomes significant for arid and drought-prone regions. Also, bamboos grow very fast and could be harvested in about three years’ time.

Istanbul Convention was seen in the news recently, it is related to:
  • a)
    Refugee movement
  • b)
    Israel-Palestine Conflict
  • c)
    Violence against women
  • d)
    Indo-Pacific Security
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajiv Reddy answered
Option c is correct: Recently, Turkey has pulled out of Istanbul Convention on violence against women. The convention was established by the Council of Europe. It is a human rights treaty. Aim: To prevent and prosecute all forms of violence against women, promote gender equality and ensure protection and rehabilitation of women who are victims of violence. The treaty was opened for ratification in May 2011. From the European Union, 34 countries signed this treaty.

With reference to Article 23 of the Constitution of India, consider the following statements:
1. Traffic in human beings and begar and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited
2. State shall not make any discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, sex, caste or class or any of them.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
In News: Recently, the Ministry of Women and Child Development has invited comments/suggestions from all the stakeholders on the draft Trafficking in Persons (Prevention, Care and Rehabilitation) Bill, 2021.
Statement 1 is correct: Under Article 23, Traffic in human beings and begar and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited.
Statement 2 is not correct: Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from imposing compulsory service for public purposes, and in imposing such service the State shall not make any discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste or class or any of them.

With reference to Albinism, consider the following statements:
1. It is a hypo-pigmentary disorder with a total lack of melanin in hair, eyes and skin.
2. It is a hereditary disease.
3. The extent and appearance varies as complete or partial albinism. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Verma answered
In News: Recently, an albino common palm civet has made a comeback in Odisha after 129 years in Satkosia Tiger Reserve (STR).
Statement 1 is correct: Albinism is a hypo-pigmentary disorder with a total lack of melanin in hair, eyes and skin, resulting in white plumage/fur with red eyes.
Statement 2 is correct: It is a hereditary disease because it happens due to the heritable absence of functional tyrosinase enzymes in pigment cells affecting skin and hair. It is controlled via inheritance by an autosomal recessive gene in all animal species.
Statement 3 is correct: The extent and appearance of albinism varies and can be broadly described as complete albinism and leucism (partial albinism)

With reference to NITI Aayog, consider the following statements:
1. It was established in 2014 by replacing erstwhile Planning Commission
2. The Governing Council of NITI Aayog comprises all the States and Union Territories with legislatures.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
Statement 1 is not correct: National Institution for Transforming India, also known as NITI Aayog, was formed via a resolution of the Union Cabinet on 1 January 2015. It is the premier policy think tank of the Government of India, providing directional and policy inputs.
Statement 2 is correct: The Governing Council of NITI Aayog is chaired by the HonTile Prime Minister and comprises Chief Ministers of all the States and Union Territories with legislatures and Lt Governors of other Union Territories.

With reference to the Kesariya Buddha Stupa, consider the following statements:
1. It is the largest Buddhist stupa in the world, located in Bihar.
2. It is the place where Buddha presented the Kalama Sutta.
3. It finds literary reference in Hsuan-tsang’s travel documents.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1,2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Anaya Patel answered
In News: Recently, the world-famous Kesariya Buddha stupa in east Champaran district of Bihar has been waterlogged following floods after heavy rainfall in Gandak river’s catchment areas.
Statement 1 is correct: The stupa is located in Bihar, about 110 km from Patna. It has a circumference of almost 400 feet and stands at a height of about 104 feet and is regarded as the largest Buddhist stupa in the world.
Statement 2 is correct: This is also the place where Buddha presented “Kalama Sutta”, which is arguably his most revered discourse and revolves around the acceptance of his teachings only after observation, reflection and careful scrutiny.
Statement 3 is correct: Faxian (or Fah sien), a 5th century CE Chinese Buddhist monk, in his travels, mentioned a stupa which was built over Buddha’s alms bowl by Licchavis of Vaishali. It is now believed the stupa that was referred to was none other than Kesariya stupa. Another important Chinese Buddhist monk, Hsuan-tsang, also mentioned the stupa in his travels, however, gave no details.

Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) is headed by which of the following?
  • a)
    Prime Minister
  • b)
    Defence Minister
  • c)
    Defence Secretary
  • d)
    Chief of Defence Staff
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
Option B is correct: Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) is headed by the Defence Minister. The objective of the DAC is to ensure expeditious procurement of the approved requirements of the Armed Forces, in terms of capabilities sought, and time frame prescribed, by optimally utilizing the allocated budgetary resources.

Which of the following Reports is not released by the International Monetary Fund?
  • a)
    World Economic Outlook
  • b)
    Global Financial Stability Report
  • c)
    Fiscal Monitor
  • d)
    World Development Report
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
The following Reports are released by IMF
• World Economic Outlook (WEO),
• Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR), and
• Fiscal Monitor (FM).
World Development Report is released by World Bank

Chapter doubts & questions for July 2021 - Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis 2021 2025 is part of UPSC CSE exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the UPSC CSE exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for UPSC CSE 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.

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