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All questions of May 2021 for UPSC CSE Exam

With reference to the Election Commission of India (ECI), consider the following statements:
1. The Chief Election Commissioner enjoys the security of tenure.
2. The retiring Election Commissioners are ineligible for reappointment by the government.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Rhea Reddy answered
In News: The Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) filed a petition before the Supreme Court seeking the formation of a “neutral and independent collegium or selection committee” for the appointment of members of the Election Commission of India (ECI).
Statement 1 is not correct: The Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners have tenure of six years, or up to the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. However, the Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from office through impeachment by Parliament.
Statement 2 is not correct: The Constitution of India has not debarred the retiring Election Commissioners from any further appointment by the government.

Which of the following are the port cities of Sri Lanka?
1. Colombo
2. Tuticorin
3. Trincomalee
4. Hambantota
5. Galle
6. Kandy
Select the correct Answer: using the codes given below:
  • a)
    1, 3, 4 and 6 only
  • b)
    1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 only
  • c)
    1, 3, 4 and 5 only
  • d)
    1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
In News: The Sri Lankan Parliament passed a controversial Bill on laws governing the China-backed Colombo Port city.
Option C is correct: Colombo, Trincomalee, Hambantota and Galle are port cities of Sri Lanka. Tuticorin (now Thoothukudi) is a port city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Kandy is a major city in Sri Lanka located in the Central Province.

With reference to International Maritime Organization (IMO), consider the following statements:
1.It is an entity of the United Nations (UN).
2. India is a member state to this.
3. The MARPOL convention was adopted at IMO.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    2 only
  • b)
    1 and 3 only
  • c)
    2 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Saikat Malik answered
Introduction:
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is responsible for regulating international shipping. It plays a crucial role in promoting maritime safety, security, and environmental protection. India is a member state of IMO, and several important conventions, including the MARPOL convention, have been adopted at IMO.

Statement 1: It is an entity of the United Nations (UN).
The first statement is correct. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN). It was established in 1948 and became fully operational in 1959. The IMO is responsible for setting standards and regulations for international shipping and ensuring their implementation.

Statement 2: India is a member state to this.
The second statement is correct. India is a member state of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). India has been a member of IMO since its inception and actively participates in its activities. As a member state, India contributes to the decision-making process and helps shape international maritime policies and regulations.

Statement 3: The MARPOL convention was adopted at IMO.
The third statement is correct. The MARPOL convention, which stands for the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, was indeed adopted at the International Maritime Organization (IMO). MARPOL is one of the most important international treaties addressing marine pollution. It aims to prevent and minimize pollution from ships, including pollution from oil, chemicals, sewage, and garbage.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, all the statements provided are correct. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is an entity of the United Nations (UN), India is a member state of IMO, and the MARPOL convention was adopted at IMO. The IMO plays a crucial role in ensuring maritime safety, security, and environmental protection on a global scale.

With reference to the National Crisis Management Committee, consider the following statements:
1. It is chaired by the Prime Minister of India.
2. It works under the aegis of the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Select the correct Answer: using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohit Jain answered
Statement 1 is not correct: The National Crisis Management Committee is headed by the Cabinet Secretary and secretaries of all concerned ministries/ departments.
Statement 2 is correct: The committee functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs and is an integral part of the National Disaster Management System. It ensures effective coordination and implementation of relief measures and operations in the wake of natural calamity.

Consider the following statements about Hakki Pakki Tribe:
1. This tribe is based in the northern part of Tamil Nadu.
2. They typically speak Tamil and Kannada.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Surbhi Rane answered
Summary:
The given statements are about the Hakki Pakki Tribe, and we need to determine which of the statements are correct. The correct answer is option 'D', which means neither statement 1 nor statement 2 is correct. Let's analyze each statement in detail to understand why it is incorrect.

Explanation:
Statement 1: This tribe is based in the northern part of Tamil Nadu.
The Hakki Pakki Tribe is not based in the northern part of Tamil Nadu. In fact, they are not from Tamil Nadu at all. The Hakki Pakki Tribe is a nomadic tribe that originally hails from the state of Karnataka in South India. They are primarily found in the southern districts of Karnataka, such as Mysore, Mandya, and Chamarajanagar. Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect.

Statement 2: They typically speak Tamil and Kannada.
The Hakki Pakki Tribe does not typically speak Tamil and Kannada. The primary language spoken by the Hakki Pakki Tribe is the Hakki language, which is a dialect of Kannada. Kannada is the official language of the state of Karnataka, and since the Hakki Pakki Tribe is originally from Karnataka, they primarily communicate in Kannada. Tamil, on the other hand, is not a language commonly spoken by the Hakki Pakki Tribe. Therefore, statement 2 is also incorrect.

Therefore, neither statement 1 nor statement 2 is correct. The Hakki Pakki Tribe is not based in the northern part of Tamil Nadu, and they do not typically speak Tamil and Kannada.

Consider the following statements: Attorney General of India can
1. Take part in the proceedings of the Lok Sabha
2. Be a member of a committee of the Lok Sabha
3. Speak in the Lok Sabha
4. Vote in the Lok Sabha
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 and 4
  • c)
    1, 2 and 3
  • d)
    1 and 3 only
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Divyansh Ghosh answered
Attorney General of India and the Lok Sabha

The Attorney General of India is the highest law officer of the country and serves as the chief legal advisor to the Government of India. The role of the Attorney General is vital in providing legal advice to the government and representing its interests in various legal matters. However, when it comes to the functioning of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India, there are certain limitations on the participation of the Attorney General.

1. Take part in the proceedings of the Lok Sabha:
The Attorney General of India has the right to take part in the proceedings of the Lok Sabha. This means that the Attorney General can attend the sessions of the Lok Sabha and observe the debates and discussions. However, it is important to note that the Attorney General does not have the right to vote in the Lok Sabha.

2. Be a member of a committee of the Lok Sabha:
The Attorney General of India is not a member of the Lok Sabha and, therefore, cannot be a member of any committee of the Lok Sabha. The committees of the Lok Sabha are constituted by its members, and the Attorney General's role is limited to providing legal advice and assistance to the government.

3. Speak in the Lok Sabha:
The Attorney General of India has the right to speak in the Lok Sabha. This means that the Attorney General can address the Lok Sabha on matters of legal importance or when called upon by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. However, it is important to note that the Attorney General does not have the right to vote in the Lok Sabha.

4. Vote in the Lok Sabha:
As mentioned earlier, the Attorney General of India does not have the right to vote in the Lok Sabha. The members of the Lok Sabha, who are elected by the people of India, have the exclusive right to vote on legislative matters.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the correct statements regarding the Attorney General of India and the Lok Sabha are:
- The Attorney General can take part in the proceedings of the Lok Sabha.
- The Attorney General cannot be a member of a committee of the Lok Sabha.
- The Attorney General can speak in the Lok Sabha.
- The Attorney General cannot vote in the Lok Sabha.

India holds the Nomadic Elephant, a joint military exercise, with which of the following countries?
  • a)
    France
  • b)
    Russia
  • c)
    Mongolia
  • d)
    Thailand
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anaya Patel answered
In News: Recently, the Minister of State for Culture & Tourism discussed various issues under the Cultural Exchange Programme with his Mongolian counterpart.
Option C is correct: The Indo-Mongolian Joint Military Exercise is termed as Nomadic Elephant. It is a bilateral exercise between two nations. The troops of armies of both countries participate in Nomadic Elephant exercise.

With reference to Electoral Bonds, consider the following statements:
1. They are interest-free bearer instruments.
2. They can be paid to an eligible Political Party through a Bank account only.
3. Electoral Bonds are valid for 6 months from the date of issue.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rhea Reddy answered
In News: Electoral bonds worth Rs. 695 crore sold during recent Assembly polls in West Bengal. The amount sold was the highestever for any Assembly elections since the scheme started in 2018.
Statement 1 is correct: Electoral Bonds may be purchased by a person who is a citizen of India or incorporated or established in India. They are interest-free bearer instruments.
Statement 2 is correct: The Electoral Bonds can be encashed by an eligible Political Party only through a Bank account with the Authorized Bank. As of now, only SBI has been authorised to do so.
Statement 3 is not correct: Electoral Bonds are valid for fifteen calendar days from the date of issue and no payment is made to any payee Political Party if the Electoral Bond is deposited after expiry of the validity period.

With reference to PM Kisan Scheme, consider the following statements:
1. It is a centrally sponsored scheme.
2. It covers small and marginal farmers and institutional land holders irrespective of the size of their landholdings.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
In News: The first instalment of the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) scheme for 2021-22 was released with Rs. 20,667 crore being transferred to more than 9.5 crores beneficiary farmer families.
Statement 1 is not correct: PM Kisan is a central sector scheme and is being implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. Central Sector Schemes are entirely and directly funded and executed by the central government. Centrally Sponsored Schemes are implemented by state governments with some help from the central government.
Statement 2 is not correct: The scheme aims to supplement the financial needs of the Small and Marginal Farmers (SMFs). It initially provided income support to all Small and Marginal Farmers’ families across the country, holding cultivable land up to 2 hectares. Later, it was expanded to cover all farmer families in the country irrespective of the size of their landholdings. Institutional land holders are exempted from the benefits of the scheme.

With reference to the Arctic Council, consider the following statements:
1. It is an intergovernmental forum for sustainable development and environmental protection of the Arctic.
2. It is a treaty-based international legal entity for the allocation of resources to the member states.
3. India enjoys the status of an ‘Observer’ in the Council.
Select the correct Answer: using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    1 and 2 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Alok Verma answered
In News: Recently, India has participated in the 3rd Arctic Science Ministerial (ASM3).
Statement 1 is correct: The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum to promote cooperation, coordination and interaction towards sustainable development and environmental protection in the Arctic.
Statement 2 is not correct: The Arctic Council is not a treaty-based international legal entity like the UN bodies or trade, military or regional groupings like WTO, NATO or ASEAN. It is a much more informal grouping. It cannot and does not implement or enforce its guidelines, assessments or recommendations. That responsibility belongs to the individual Arctic States or international bodies.
Statement 3 is correct: Since 2013, India has enjoyed ‘Observer’ status in the Arctic Council with twelve other countries and it was renewed for another five-year term in 2018.

With reference to the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act, consider the following statements:
1. It falls under the purview of the Ministry of Finance.
2. Persons prohibited to receive foreign funds are allowed to accept foreign contributions of upto Rs. 1 lakh from their relatives.
3. Foreign contribution has to be received only through banking channels.
4. Registered NGOs can receive foreign funds in a designated bank of their respective States or Union Territories.
Select the correct Answer: using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    3 and 4 only
  • d)
    1, 2, 3 and 4
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Anaya Patel answered
In News: Recently, the Delhi High Court (HC) has asked the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) to consider a few changes regarding the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA).
Statement 1 is not correct: The FCRA was first enacted in 1976 and was amended in 2010 and 2020. It falls under the purview of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).
Statement 2 is correct: Even persons prohibited to receive foreign funds such as journalists, politicians, members of the judiciary “are allowed to accept foreign contributions from their relatives” if the amount does not exceed Rs. 1 lakh. MHA needs to be informed for any such transaction above Rs. 1 lakh.
Statement 3 is correct: Foreign contribution has to be received only through banking channels and it has to be accounted for in the prescribed manner.
Statement 4 is not correct: In September 2020, Section 17 of the Act was amended and a new provision was inserted, which made it mandatory for all NGOs to receive foreign funds in a designated bank account at the New Delhi branch of the State Bank of India.

With reference to Methane, consider the following statements:
1. Among greenhouse gases, it is the biggest contributor to global warming.
2. It is more potent than carbon.
3. It takes a shorter time to break down in the atmosphere when compared to carbon.
4. Fossil fuels and waste are the only anthropogenic factors responsible for its production.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    1 and 2 only
  • c)
    2 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2, 3 and 4
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
Recently, the Climate and Clean Air (CCA) Coalition and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has released the report titled “Global Methane Assessment: Benefits and Costs of Mitigating Methane Emissions”.
Statement 1 is not correct: Methane is the second biggest contributor to global warming after carbon dioxide.
Statement 2 and 3 are correct: It is 84 times more potent than carbon but it does not last as long in the atmosphere before it breaks down.
Statement 4 is not correct: Most anthropogenic (human-caused) methane emissions come from three sectors, namely fossil fuels, waste and agriculture.

With reference to Escrow Account, recently seen in the news, consider the following statements:
1. It provides security against scams and frauds.
2. The party receiving the money can make withdrawals from this account without the fulfilment of set obligations.
Select the correct Answer: using the codes given below:
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
Statement 1 is correct: Escrow Account is a third-party account where funds (also money, securities, funds, and other assets) are kept before they are transferred to the ultimate party. It provides security against scams and frauds especially with high asset value and disputeprone sectors like Real Estate.
Statement 2 is not correct: The party receiving the money can not make withdrawals from an escrow account until the set obligations are fulfilled. However, they have mostly been restricted to large transactions, like mergers and acquisitions, cross-border deals, etc. It reduces risk in specific-use transaction cases like procurement, supply chain, professional services.

Recently, the Tigray region has been seen in the news ,it is a part of which of the following countries?
  • a)
    Libya
  • b)
    South Africa
  • c)
    Somalia
  • d)
    Ethiopia
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

The Tigray region is a part of Ethiopia.

Tigray Region in Ethiopia

- The Tigray region is located in the northern part of Ethiopia.
- It is one of the nine regional states of Ethiopia and is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Sudan to the west, the Amhara region to the south, and the Afar region to the east.
- The region is named after the Tigrayan ethnic group, who are one of the major ethnic groups in Ethiopia.
- Tigray has its own regional government, with the capital city being Mekelle.

Recent Conflict in Tigray

- The Tigray region has been in the news recently due to an ongoing conflict between the regional government and the federal government of Ethiopia.
- The conflict began in November 2020 when the federal government launched a military operation against the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), the political party that had been in control of the regional government.
- The conflict has resulted in significant casualties and displacement of people, with reports of widespread violence and human rights abuses.
- The federal government declared victory in late November 2020, but reports of fighting and instability in the region have continued.

International Concerns and Humanitarian Crisis

- The conflict in Tigray has raised international concerns, with calls for a peaceful resolution and respect for human rights.
- There have been reports of civilian casualties, sexual violence, and other atrocities committed during the conflict.
- The conflict has also led to a humanitarian crisis, with thousands of people internally displaced and in need of urgent assistance.
- Access to the region has been restricted, making it difficult for humanitarian organizations to provide aid to those in need.

Efforts Towards Resolution

- Efforts are being made to find a peaceful resolution to the conflict in Tigray.
- The Ethiopian government has announced plans for a regional election in Tigray to establish a new regional government.
- The international community, including the United Nations and various countries, has called for an end to the violence and the promotion of dialogue between the parties involved.

In conclusion, the Tigray region is a part of Ethiopia, and it has been in the news recently due to an ongoing conflict between the regional government and the federal government. The conflict has resulted in a humanitarian crisis and raised international concerns about human rights abuses. Efforts are being made to find a peaceful resolution to the conflict.

With reference to Diplomatic Immunity, consider the following statements:
1. The immunity enjoyed by a diplomat posted in the embassy is inviolable.
2. It is the same for all diplomats and their families.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ashish Shah answered
Overview:
Diplomatic immunity is a legal principle that grants certain privileges and immunities to diplomats posted in foreign countries. It is intended to ensure the smooth functioning of diplomatic relations and protect diplomats from interference or harassment by the host country. In this context, we will analyze the given statements and determine their accuracy.

Statement 1 - The immunity enjoyed by a diplomat posted in the embassy is inviolable:
The first statement suggests that the immunity enjoyed by a diplomat posted in an embassy is inviolable. In general, diplomats are granted immunity from the jurisdiction of the host country's laws. This means that they cannot be prosecuted or sued in the host country's courts for their official acts. However, it is important to note that diplomatic immunity is not absolute and has certain exceptions. For example:

- Diplomats can be subject to the laws of their home country.
- Diplomats can be expelled by the host country in certain circumstances.
- Diplomatic immunity does not protect diplomats from criminal acts outside their official functions.

Therefore, while diplomats enjoy a high level of immunity, it is not completely inviolable. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

Statement 2 - It is the same for all diplomats and their families:
The second statement asserts that diplomatic immunity is the same for all diplomats and their families. Diplomatic immunity is indeed granted to both diplomats and their families. Family members of diplomats, such as spouses and children, usually enjoy similar privileges and immunities as the diplomats themselves. This ensures that the families are also protected from any potential interference or harassment by the host country. Therefore, statement 2 is correct.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, statement 1 is incorrect as diplomatic immunity is not inviolable, while statement 2 is correct as it correctly states that diplomatic immunity applies to both diplomats and their families. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A' - 1 only.

With reference to Nitrogen dioxide, consider the following statements:
1. It is a non-reactive oxide of Nitrogen.
2. It is generated by high temperature burning of fossil fuels.
3. It makes the air hazy and can lead to acid rains.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3 only
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Tushar Iyer answered
Explanation:
Nitrogen dioxide is a harmful gas that is a significant air pollutant. Let's analyze each of the statements given in the question:

Statement 1: It is a non-reactive oxide of Nitrogen.
- This statement is incorrect. Nitrogen dioxide is a highly reactive reddish-brown gas with a pungent odor. It is a key component of smog and plays a role in the formation of acid rain.

Statement 2: It is generated by high temperature burning of fossil fuels.
- This statement is correct. Nitrogen dioxide is produced by the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas in vehicles, power plants, and industrial facilities. When these fuels are burned at high temperatures, nitrogen and oxygen in the air combine to form nitrogen dioxide.

Statement 3: It makes the air hazy and can lead to acid rains.
- This statement is correct. Nitrogen dioxide can react in the atmosphere to form nitric acid, a component of acid rain. It also contributes to the formation of fine particulate matter and ground-level ozone, which can make the air hazy and lead to respiratory issues.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B) 2 and 3 only, as statement 2 and 3 are accurate descriptions of the effects and sources of nitrogen dioxide.

Consider the following statements:
1. A monetary policy that lowers interest rates and stimulates borrowing is a loose monetary policy.
2. A monetary policy that raises interest rates and reduces borrowing in the economy is a tight monetary policy.
Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
In News: Recently, there has been a rise in global commodity prices that is being billed as a new commodity super cycle.
Statement is 1 correct: A monetary policy that lowers interest rates and stimulates borrowing is an expansionary monetary policy or loose monetary policy. It increases the money supply in order to lower unemployment, boost private-sector borrowing and consumer spending, and stimulate economic growth.
Statement 2 is correct: A monetary policy that raises interest rates and reduces borrowing in the economy is a contractionary monetary policy or tight monetary policy. It slows the rate of growth in the money supply or outright decreases the money supply in order to control inflation. While sometimes necessary, contractionary monetary policy can slow economic growth, increase unemployment and depress borrowing and spending by consumers and businesses.

What is “Iron Dome”, recently seen in the news?
  • a)
    An US anti-missile system
  • b)
    An Archaeological site
  • c)
    Israel’s air defense system
  • d)
    A space mission of NASA
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
It is a mobile all-weather air defence system developed by Israel (with financial and technical support from the United States) to intercept and destroy short-range rockets (in mid-air) and artillery shells fired from short distances.

Nok culture, recently seen in the news, existed in which of the following countries?
  • a)
    Nigeria
  • b)
    Philippines
  • c)
    Yemen
  • d)
    Nepal
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
West African Nok culture was one of the earliest known societies of Western Africa and existed in modern-day Nigeria from around 500 BCE to 200 CE. It is known for its unique terracotta sculptures which represent the oldest figurative art in Africa. These clearly depict the triangular or oval-shaped eyes on human faces.

Recently, Blocktrack was seen in the news, it is related to
  • a)
    Railway Infrastructure
  • b)
    Medical data
  • c)
    Election
  • d)
    Space Exploration
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
It is a blockchain-based secure medical data and information exchange system for mobile phone applications.Blocktrack aims to securely digitise healthcare information systems while protecting sensitive personal information and medical records by decentralising control and ownership of patient data through a blockchain-based innovation.

Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report is released by?
  • a)
    International Monetary Fund
  • b)
    Reserve Bank of India
  • c)
    World Bank
  • d)
    Securities and Exchange Board of India
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
The Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report is released by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The report will encourage businesses to go beyond regulatory financial compliance and will make businesses report on their social and environmental impacts.

He was a 12th century Kannada social reformer, poet and philosopher. He gave two very important socio-economic principles namely Kayaka and Dasoha. He established the Anubhava Mantapa, which was an academy of mystics, saints and philosophers of the Lingayat faith and acted as the fountainhead of thoughts on common human values and ethics. He was:
  • a)
    Dayananda Saraswati
  • b)
    Kandukuri Veeresalingam
  • c)
    Basaveshwara
  • d)
    Prabodhankar Thackeray
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Alok Verma answered
Basaveshwara was a 12th century Kannada social reformer, poet and philosopher during the rule of the Kalachuri-dynasty king Bijjala I in Karnataka. He was the founding saint of the Lingayat sect and gave two very important socio-economic principles known as “Kayaka” (Work-Divine work) and “Dasoha” (DistributionEqual distribution). He established the Anubhava Mantapa, which was an academy of mystics, saints and philosophers of the Lingayat faith and acted as the fountainhead of thoughts on common human values and ethics. It is often referred to as the “first Parliament of the world”.

The Dead Sea lies between which of the following countries?
  • a)
    Lebanon and Syria
  • b)
    Israel and Lebanon
  • c)
    Israel and Syria
  • d)
    Israel and Jordan
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
Dead Sea [also called Al-Baḥr Al-Mayyit (Sea of Death) or Salt Sea] is a landlocked salt lake between Israel and Jordan in southwestern Asia. Its eastern shore belongs to Jordan, and the southern half of its western shore belongs to Israel. The northern half of the western shore lies within the Palestinian West Bank and has been under Israeli occupation since the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. The Jordan River, from which the Dead Sea receives nearly all its water, flows from the north into the lake.

Recently, Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) was in the news, it is related to
  • a)
    Petroleum
  • b)
    Satellites
  • c)
    Security and Defence
  • d)
    Agriculture
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
The Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) in the area of security and defence policy was established by a Council decision on 11 December 2017, with 25 EU Member States. It was introduced by the Lisbon Treaty on European Union. It offers a legal framework to jointly plan, develop and invest in shared capability projects, and enhance the operational readiness and contribution of armed forces.

Xylophis deepaki, recently seen in the news, is a species of?
  • a)
    Snakes
  • b)
    Algae
  • c)
    Butterflies
  • d)
    Frogs
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
Xylophis deepaki is a tiny wood snake of just 20 cm length with iridescent scales with a broad off-white collar. It is an endemic species of Tamil Nadu and was first found in a coconut plantation of the drier regions and in lower altitudes around Agasthyamalai hills in Kanyakumari. It is named in honour of Indian herpetologist Deepak Veerappan for his contribution in erecting a new subfamily Xylophis to accommodate wood snakes.

Recently,Gotipua traditional dance form was seen in news, it associated with the state of
  • a)
    Odisha.
  • b)
    Madhya Pradesh
  • c)
    Rajasthan
  • d)
    Gujrat
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
In the Odia language, Gotipua means "single boy". It is the precursor of Odissi classical dance. Traditionally, it has been performed by young boys in groups, who dress as women to praise Lord Jagannath and Krishna. This dance form comprises acrobatic figures inspired by the life of Radha and Krishna. Music Instruments: Mardala, Gini (small cymbals), harmonium, violin, and bansuri.

Winchcombe, recently seen in the news, is a?
  • a)
    Dwarf Planet
  • b)
    Black Hole
  • c)
    Natural Satellite
  • d)
    Meteorite
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
Winchcombe is the name of a meteorite, which will be displayed at the National History Museum, Gloucestershire (UK). It is known as a carbonaceous meteorite, meaning it cannot be modified, by either melting or differentiation of the parent body. Meteoroids are objects in space that range in size from dust grains to small asteroids and are also known as “space rocks”. When meteoroids enter the Earth’s atmosphere they are called meteors but if a meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere and hits the ground, it is called a meteorite.

Recently, Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS) was seen in the news, it was conceptualized by (a) Ministry of Communications and Informat
  • a)
    Ministry of Home Affairs 
  • b)
    Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
  • c)
    Ministry of Science and Technology
  • d)
    Ministry of Power
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
It was conceptualized by the Ministry of Home Affairs in detailed consultation with all stakeholders and has been implemented as a "Mission Mode Project (MMP)" since 2009. It is a centrally funded scheme. It is a secure application that links over 97% of police stations in the country and is being used for antecedent verification for Global Entry. It aims at creating a comprehensive and integrated system for enhancing efficiency and effective policing at all levels and especially at the Police Station level.

Consider the following statements:
1. Article 312 deals with the creation of one or more All India Services common to Union and States.
2. Both the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha can pass a resolution in this regard.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anaya Patel answered
In News: Recently, Assistant Police Inspector was dismissed from service by Mumbai Police Commissioner under Article 311 (2) (b) without a departmental enquiry.
Statement 1 is correct: Article 312 deals with the creation of one or more All India Services common to the Union and the States.
Statement 2 is not correct: Article 312 is a special power of the Rajya Sabha where it can pass a resolution if it feels necessary or expedient in the national interest to create one or more All India Services.

Ireland is separated from the United Kingdom by
  • a)
    Atlantic Ocean
  • b)
    North Sea
  • c)
    English Channel
  • d)
    Irish Sea
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
The United Kingdom, mainly Northern Ireland shares its only land border with the Republic of Ireland. It is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean in the northwest; by the English Channel in the south; the North Sea in the east and the Celtic Sea in the southwest. Ireland is separated from the United Kingdom by the Irish Sea. For more clarification, please see the map.

Cinco de Mayo (May the fifth in Spanish) is an annual joyous celebration associated with which of the following countries?
  • a)
    China
  • b)
    Germany
  • c)
    Japan
  • d)
    Mexico
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
Cinco de Mayo (May the fifth in Spanish) is an annual joyous celebration of Mexico and the United States.The day marks Mexico’s military victory on its soil over French forces in 1862 at the Battle of Puebla during the Franco-Mexican War

Sheikh Zayed Book Award is associated with which of the following countries ?
  • a)
    Saudi Arabia
  • b)
    Iran
  • c)
    United Arab Emirates(UAE)
  • d)
    Oman
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Lalit Yadav answered
In News: Recently, Mumbai-born academician Dr Tahera Qutbuddin, a professor of Arabic Literature, Department of NELC, University of Chicago, has been adjudged the winner of the 15th Sheikh Zayed Book Award.
The award commemorates the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Founding President of the UAE and Ruler of Abu Dhabi, and his pioneering role in promoting national unity and development. The Award, and its associated accolades, are presented annually to outstanding writers, intellectuals, and publishers, as well as a young talent whose writing and translation in humanities objectively enrich Arab intellectual, cultural, literary and social life.
It is an independent cultural initiative administered by the Department of Culture and Tourism Abu Dhabi(UAE).

Lag B’Omer Festival, recently seen in the news, is celebrated by which of the following ethnic groups?
  • a)
    Persians
  • b)
    Jews
  • c)
    Greeks
  • d)
    Latins
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Verma answered
Lag B’Omer Festival is an annual Jewish festival observed during the Hebrew month of Iyar. It is celebrated on the 33rd day of the Omer, the 49-day period between Passover & Shavuot (festivals) and is the only day during this period when celebration is permitted. Jews schedule weddings on this day & young boys are brought here for the first hair cut.

Section 142 of the Social Security Code - 2020, recently seen in the news, is related to
  • a)
    Payment of a cess for the welfare of construction workers
  • b)
    Administering the social security schemes
  • c)
    Collection of data of workers including migrant workers.
  • d)
    Exemptions to an employer
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
Section 142 of the Social Security Code, 2020 has been notified by the Ministry of Labour & Employment covering the applicability of Aadhar.It aims to establish the identity of an employee or an unorganised worker or any other person through the Aadhaar number for seeking benefits and availing services under the Code. The main purpose is to facilitate database creation, mainly covering people in informal sectors like migrant workers However, the delivery of services under various social security schemes would not be denied due to the non-submission of Aadhaar.

Karen, recently seen in the news, is an ethnic minority from which of the following countries?
  • a)
    Myanmar
  • b)
    Philippines
  • c)
    Vietnam
  • d)
    Malaysia
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Verma answered
The term Karen refers to a number of ethnic groups with Tibetan-Central Asian origins. These are indigenous to the Thailand-Myanmar border region in Southeast Asia. The Karen and the Kachin in northern Myanmar are the two major ethnic armed organisations that have allied themselves with the movement against the junta that took power in Myanmar.

With reference to Asiatic Lions, consider the following statements:
1. At present Gir National Park is their only natural abode.
2. They are listed as critically endangered in the IUCN Red List.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Alok Verma answered
Statement 1 is correct: Gir National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary in Gujarat is the only natural abode of Asiatic lions. These are slightly smaller than African lions. Males have only moderate mane growth at the top of the head so that their ears are always visible and the most striking morphological character is a longitudinal fold of skin running along the belly.
Statement 2 is not correct: They are listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List and are also protected under the Schedule I of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 and Appendix I of CITES.

Recently,R21/Matrix M was seen in the news, it is related to which of the following diseases?
  • a)
    Tuberculosis
  • b)
    Cancer
  • c)
    Malaria
  • d)
    Diabetes
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
The new vaccine candidate, called R21/Matrix M, is a modified version of RTS, S This vaccine is designed to stop the Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite from entering the liver and preventing the subsequent deadly blood stages It has been developed by scientists at the University of Oxford.

The Mahatma Buddha delivered his first sermon, known as 'Turning of the wheel of law' at?
  • a)
    Sravasti
  • b)
    Sarnath
  • c)
    Sanchi
  • d)
    Bodhgaya
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Poonam Reddy answered
Gautama Buddha was Born in 563 BC in Lumbini (modern-day Nepal) as Prince Siddhartha Gautama.His Parents were Suddhodana (father) was the chief of the Shakya clan and Maya Devi (real mother) and Prajapati Gautami (foster mother). Buddha is considered as the ninth avatar of Lord Vishnu. Gautama Buddha preached Dharma (duty), non-violence, harmony and kindness. He left his worldly possessions and princedom at the age of 30 to lead a life searching for the truth, seeking penance in the hopes of liberating himself from suffering (dukkha). Gautama attained Bodhi (enlightenment) under a pipal tree at Bodhgaya (Bihar), after 49 consecutive days of meditation. He delivered his first sermon at Sarnath (UP), which is known as Dharma-ChakraPravartana (turning of the wheel of law). He died (attained Mahaparinirvana) at the age of 80 in 483 BCE at Kushinagar (UP).

Which of the following countries has recently approved the issuance of a ‘Golden Card Visa’ for certain professions?
  • a)
    Japan
  • b)
    United Kingdom
  • c)
    United Arab Emirate
  • d)
    South Africa
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
In News: Recently, Bollywood actor Sanjay Dutt has received his golden visa from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government.
Option C is correct: The Golden Visa system essentially offers long-term residency (5 and 10 years) to people. The main benefit of the visa is security as through the issuance of the Golden Visa, the UAE government is committed to providing expatriates, investors and essentially everyone looking to make the UAE their home an extra reason to feel secure about their future.

Recently, Bogs are seen in news, they are related to
  • a)
    Insects
  • b)
    Virus
  • c)
    Asteroid
  • d)
    Wetlands
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
Bogs (also called quagmires) are soft, spongy wetlands that accumulate peat– a fossil fuel that is used for heating homes and businesses in northern Europe. They are formed in northern climates, and take thousands of years to develop.Bogs also act as carbon sinks, sequestering around 200 million tons of carbon from the environment in Siberia and Scandinavia. For centuries, however, they have been drained for extracting peat or for development, leading to the destruction of their delicate ecosystems, including damage to species such as cranes that breed here

Putola Nach, recently seen in the news, is a traditional string puppet theatre from which of the following states?
  • a)
    Rajasthan
  • b)
    Gujarat
  • c)
    Assam
  • d)
    Maharashtra
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Lalit Yadav answered
Putola Nach is a traditional string puppet theatre from Assam and is also called Putola bhaona due to its link with bhaona theatre. It usually depicts scenes from the epics such as Ramayana or Mahabharata.

Thalassemia is related to
  • a)
    Kidney
  • b)
    Heart
  • c)
    Brain
  • d)
    Blood
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
It is a blood disorder in which the body has less haemoglobin than normal. The disorder results in the extreme damage of red blood cells, which leads to a condition where the body doesn’t have sufficient regular healthy red blood cells. This condition in medical terms is called Anaemia. The disorder is primarily inherited by individuals from their parents.

Recently, the world's oldest water has been explored in which of the following countries?
  • a)
    USA
  • b)
    France
  • c)
    Russia
  • d)
    Canada 
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Verma answered
The world's oldest water has been explored by a geochemist Dr Barbara Sherwood Lollar at the University of Toronto's isotope Geochemistry. It was found at a depth of 2.4 kilometres at the Kidd Creek mine, located on the 2.7 billion-year-old Canadian Shield which is one of the world’s largest continental shields

With reference to the Citizenship by Investment Programme, consider the following statements:
1. Under it, a person becomes a naturalised citizen of another country by investing in that country.
2. A foreigner can invest between Rs. 10 to 25 crores in India and get permanent residency status for a period of 10 years initially.
3. People from any country can avail this scheme in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    1 and 2 only
  • c)
    3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
In News: Recently, the Citizenship by Investment Programme has become a trend among wealthy Indians to settle abroad.
Statement 1 is correct: Citizenship by Investment or Economic Citizenship is a scheme by which a person becomes a naturalised citizen of another country by investing in that country. The amount of investment varies from country to country.
Statement 2 is correct: If a foreigner invests an amount from Rs. 10 to Rs. 25 crores in India then he/she will be granted permanent residency status for a period of 10 years initially with multiple entry facility.
Statement 3 is not correct: In India, this scheme will not be applicable to Pakistani citizens or third-country nationals of Pakistani origin.

With reference to Global Entry Programme, consider the following statements:
1. It allows speedy clearance for low-risk travellers upon their arrival in the USA.
2. India is not a member of the Programme.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
Statement 1 is correct: Global Entry is a US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) program that allows speedy clearance for low-risk travellers upon their arrival in the US. The travellers are pre-approved for the programme after a rigorous background check. In-person interviews are also taken to check the ‘low-risk’ status of the applicants before the enrollment. Apart from this, the travellers may further be questioned when they enter the United States in case the need arises
Statement 2 is not correct: The pilot project started in 2008 and India became a member of Global Entry in 2017. The other countries that are part of this programme are Argentina, Australia, Canada, Colombia, Germany, Mexico, New Zealand, Panama, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Switzerland, Taiwan and the United Kingdom

With reference to Zeolites, consider the following statements:
1. These are crystalline solid structures made of silicon, aluminium and oxygen.
2. These occur naturally and cannot be produced industrially.
3. These are used in the process of oxygen generation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    1 and 3 only
  • c)
    2 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
Statement 1 is correct: Zeolites are crystalline solid structures made of silicon, aluminium and oxygen.
Statement 2 is not correct: Zeolites occur naturally and are also produced industrially on a large scale.
Statement 3 is correct: These are often also referred to as molecular sieves and are used in oxygen generation.

Before becoming an integral part of India, Puducherry was a colony of which of the following countries?
  • a)
    Portugal
  • b)
    Dutch Republic
  • c)
    France
  • d)
    Denmark-Norway
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Poonam Reddy answered
In News: Recently, Puducherry has achieved the target of 100 per cent piped water connection (Har Ghar Jal) in rural areas under the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM).
Option C is correct: The Union Territory of Puducherry comprises the former French establishments of Puducherry, Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam. All the regions of Puducherry were under French rule for 138 years. On 1st November 1954, the French possessions in India were transferred to the Indian Union and became a Union Territory. However, in 1963, Puducherry officially became an integral part of India.

Consider the followings
1. Argentina
2. Australia
3. Brazil
4. Canada
5. Singapore
Which of the given countries are part of the Group of 20 (G 20)?
  • a)
    1, 2, 3 and 5 only
  • b)
    1, 3 and 4 only
  • c)
    2, 4 and 5 only
  • d)
    1, 2, 3, 4 only
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Alok Verma answered
Group of 20(G 20)was established in September 1999 as a consultation forum between Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors of the world’s major economies. Following the 2008 economic crisis, it became a forum between Heads of State and Government.
It comprises 19 countries and the European Union (EU), with representatives of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World  Bank (WB). 19 Countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, France, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the UK, and the US.
It is a mix of the world’s largest advanced and emerging economies, representing about 60 per cent of the world’s population, 85 percent of global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 75 percent of global trade.

Pox 186, recently seen in the news, is a?
  • a)
    Quasar
  • b)
    Galaxy
  • c)
    Star
  • d)
    Satellite
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
Option B is correct. Pox 186 is the first ever galaxy to be found in a "blow-away" state. Blowing away means that the hydrogen clouds around the galaxy have been removed, allowing the high energy light to escape. The findings confirm that a blow-away is possible, furthering the idea that small galaxies were primarily responsible for the reionization of the Universe and giving more insight into how the Universe became what it is today.

Recently, Dahla Dam was in the news, it is located in which of the following countries?
  • a)
    Pakistan
  • b)
    Tajikistan
  • c)
    Afghanistan
  • d)
    Turkmenistan
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
The Dahla Dam, also known as Arghandab Dam is located in the Shah Wali Kot District of Kandahar Province in Afghanistan. It was constructed in 1952 by the USA on the Arghandab River.

Chapter doubts & questions for May 2021 - Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis 2021 2025 is part of UPSC CSE exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the UPSC CSE exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for UPSC CSE 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.

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