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All questions of February 2021 for UPSC CSE Exam

With reference to Fishing cats, recently seen in the news, consider the following statements:
1. In India, this species is only found in Sundarbans and on the foothills of the Himalayas along the Ganga.
2. These are listed as ‘endangered’ on the International Union for Conserva-tion of Nature’s Red List.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
In News: The Fishing Cat Conservation Alliance will start a worldwide month-long campaign in February to raise awareness and garner support across the globe to conserve Fishing Cat.
  • In India, fishing cats are mainly found in the mangrove forests of the Sundarbans, foothills of the Himalayas along the Ganga and Brahmaputra river valleys and in the Western Ghats and along the Eastern Ghats as well. So, option 1 is not correct.
  • It is listed as ‘vulnerable’ on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List. So, option 2 is not correct.

Consider the following statements:
1. Vembanad is the longest lake in India, and the largest lake in the state of Tamil Naidu.
2. It is the second-largest Ramsar site in India only after the Sunderbans in West Bengal.
3. The Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary is located nearby to this lake.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
In News: On his first ‘Mann Ki Baat’ programme for the year, the Prime Minister recognised Kottayam native NS Rajappan’s untiring effort in cleaning the Vembanad Lake.
Option B is correct: Vembanad is the longest lake in India, and the largest lake in the state of Kerala. With an area of 2033 square kilometres, it is the second-largest Ramsar site in India only after the Sunderbans in West Bengal. It receives water from rivers like the Pamba and Periyar. The lake is a major source of fresh water for the state but also has brackish water areas. also known as Vembanad Kayal, Vembanad Kol, Punnamada Lake (in Kuttanad) and Kochi Lake (in Kochi). The lake witnessed Snake boat race known as Nehru Trophy Boat Race (locally known as Vallam Kali) in August. The Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary is located on the east coast of the lake.

With reference to the Olive Ridley Turtles, consider the following statements:
1. They are endemic to most tropical regions of the Indian Subcontinent.
2. They are herbivores and mostly feed on seaweeds and algae.
3. They exhibit arribadas phenomenon.
Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    1 and 2 only
  • c)
    2 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Anaya Patel answered
In News: At least 800 Olive Ridley sea turtles died since January 2021 across the Gahirmatha marine sanctuary of Odisha.
Statement 1 is not correct: Their scientific name is Lepidochelys olivacea and they are also known as the Pacific ridley sea turtle. They are the smallest and most abundant of all sea turtles found in the world. They are found in warm waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. They are vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List.
Statement 2 is not correct: They are not herbivores, these are carnivores and feed mainly on jellyfish, shrimp, snails, crabs etc. 
Statement 3 is correct: These are best known for their unique mass nesting called Arribada, where thousands of females come together on the same beach to lay eggs. One unique feature about females is that they return to the very same beach from where they first hatched, to lay their eggs. The eggs hatch in 45 to 60 days, depending on the temperature of the sand and atmosphere during the incubation period.

Consider the following statements about the SFURTI scheme, often seen in the news:
1. It was launched by the Ministry of Trade and Commerce.
2. SFURTI clusters have been set up to promote Entrepreneurship in emerging fields like Industry 4.0, Artificial Intelligence, etc.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are not correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sonal Basak answered
Statement 1: It was launched by the Ministry of Trade and Commerce.
The first statement is not correct. The SFURTI (Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries) scheme was not launched by the Ministry of Trade and Commerce. It was launched by the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in 2005. The objective of the scheme is to promote cluster-based development for traditional industries and artisans.

Statement 2: SFURTI clusters have been set up to promote Entrepreneurship in emerging fields like Industry 4.0, Artificial Intelligence, etc.
The second statement is also not correct. SFURTI clusters are not specifically set up to promote entrepreneurship in emerging fields like Industry 4.0 and Artificial Intelligence. The main focus of SFURTI is to enhance the competitiveness of traditional industries and artisans by providing them with the necessary support and infrastructure.

Explanation:
The SFURTI scheme was launched by the Ministry of MSME in 2005. Its primary objective is to promote cluster-based development for traditional industries and artisans. The scheme aims to organize traditional industries and artisans into clusters to make them more productive, competitive, and sustainable.

The SFURTI clusters focus on enhancing the skills of artisans, improving their access to credit, technology, and marketing support, and providing them with the necessary infrastructure. The clusters are designed to provide a platform for the artisans to showcase their skills and products, and also to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and best practices among them.

These clusters are typically formed by grouping together artisans working in similar crafts or industries. The clusters are provided with common facilities, such as raw material banks, training centers, testing laboratories, design centers, and marketing outlets. This helps in improving the productivity and quality of the products, reducing the cost of production, and enabling the artisans to access larger markets.

While SFURTI clusters focus on traditional industries and artisans, they do not specifically target emerging fields like Industry 4.0 and Artificial Intelligence. These emerging fields are usually associated with high-tech industries and require a different set of skills and infrastructure.

In conclusion, neither of the statements is correct. The SFURTI scheme was launched by the Ministry of MSME, and its focus is on promoting cluster-based development for traditional industries and artisans, rather than entrepreneurship in emerging fields like Industry 4.0 and Artificial Intelligence.

Smart Walls, recently seen in the news, are:
  • a)
    State-of-the-art technology to control forest fires
  • b)
    Cybersecurity systems
  • c)
    Immunisation drives
  • d)
    Advanced surveillance technology for border security
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Rhea Reddy answered
In News: Recently, the USA has stopped the construction of the ―border wall” between the USA and Mexico.
  • Smart walls are advanced surveillance technology for border security which use sensors, radars, etc. to detect and track border break-ins and technology capable of performing the most difficult tasks dedicated to border security.

The National Development Council is a?
  • a)
    Constitutional Body
  • b)
    Statutory Body
  • c)
    Quasi-judicial Body
  • d)
    Executive Body
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Raksha Datta answered
The correct answer is option D) Executive Body.

Explanation:
The National Development Council (NDC) is a high-level body in India that works as an Executive Body. Let's understand what an Executive Body is and why the NDC falls under this category.

Executive Body:
- An Executive Body is a government body or agency that is responsible for implementing policies, laws, and regulations.
- It is tasked with the execution and administration of various developmental activities and programs.
- Executive bodies are responsible for making decisions, managing resources, and coordinating the implementation of policies to achieve specific objectives.

National Development Council (NDC):
- The NDC is a body that was established in India in 1952 under the Government of India's resolution.
- It is the apex body for decision-making and deliberations on development matters in the country.
- The NDC consists of the Prime Minister, Union Cabinet Ministers, Chief Ministers of all states, and administrators of Union Territories.
- Its main objective is to serve as a forum for coordination and consensus-building on development policies and programs between the center and the states.
- The NDC plays a crucial role in formulating and implementing development plans and policies.

Functions of the NDC:
1. Formulating Five-Year Plans: The NDC plays a key role in formulating the Five-Year Plans, which are comprehensive economic development plans for the country.
2. Approving Plan Outlays: It approves the plan outlays and allocation of resources for various sectors and programs.
3. Policy Formulation: The NDC formulates policies and guidelines for sectors like agriculture, industry, infrastructure, education, health, etc.
4. Reviewing Progress: It reviews the progress of ongoing development programs and projects and suggests corrective measures if required.
5. Coordination and Cooperation: The NDC promotes coordination and cooperation between the central and state governments in matters of development.

In conclusion, the National Development Council (NDC) is an Executive Body in India. It plays a vital role in formulating development plans, approving outlays, formulating policies, and coordinating development activities between the center and the states.

With reference to the KAPILA Programme, consider the following statements:
1. It is an Intellectual Property Literacy and Awareness campaign.
2. It was launched by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Dipika Gupta answered
KAPILA Programme:
The KAPILA (Kalam Program for Intellectual Property Literacy and Awareness) Programme is an initiative launched by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. It aims to create awareness about intellectual property rights (IPRs) among students, teachers, and researchers in the country. Let's evaluate the given statements:

Statement 1: It is an Intellectual Property Literacy and Awareness campaign.
This statement is correct. The KAPILA Programme is indeed an Intellectual Property Literacy and Awareness campaign. It seeks to promote a better understanding of intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks, copyrights, and designs. The program aims to foster creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship by providing knowledge and skills related to IPRs.

Statement 2: It was launched by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
This statement is incorrect. The KAPILA Programme was not launched by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. It was actually launched by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The DPIIT is responsible for formulating policies related to intellectual property in India.

Correct Answer:
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A' - 1 only. Statement 1 is correct as the KAPILA Programme is an Intellectual Property Literacy and Awareness campaign. Statement 2 is incorrect as the program was not launched by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology but by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade.

Conclusion:
The KAPILA Programme aims to create awareness about intellectual property rights and promote a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship in India. It is an important initiative to equip students, teachers, and researchers with the necessary knowledge and skills related to IPRs. The program will contribute to the development of a strong intellectual property ecosystem in the country, fostering economic growth and technological advancement.

Consider the following statements:
1. Hydrogen produced from fossil fuels is called Grey Hydrogen.
2. Hydrogen generated entirely from renewable power sources is called Green Hydrogen.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are not correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Pranab Nambiar answered
Incorrect Statement Explanation:
Firstly, let's understand the definitions of Grey Hydrogen and Green Hydrogen:

Grey Hydrogen:
- Grey Hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels, typically natural gas, through a process called steam methane reforming.
- This process releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, making Grey Hydrogen a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.

Green Hydrogen:
- Green Hydrogen is generated entirely from renewable power sources, such as wind or solar energy.
- Electrolysis is used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, with the hydrogen being collected as a clean fuel source.

Analysis of the Statements:
1. Statement 1: "Hydrogen produced from fossil fuels is called Grey Hydrogen."
- This statement is correct. Grey Hydrogen is indeed produced from fossil fuels like natural gas, coal, or oil.
2. Statement 2: "Hydrogen generated entirely from renewable power sources is called Green Hydrogen."
- This statement is incorrect. Green Hydrogen is generated from renewable power sources, not fossil fuels. The correct definition of Green Hydrogen is hydrogen produced solely from renewable energy sources like wind or solar power.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B', as Statement 2 is not accurate in its explanation of Green Hydrogen.

Consider the following statements about the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC):
1. The maximum number of members are elected from Western Europe.
2. India and Israel have never been a member of UNHRC.
3. Members can’t hold the seat for two consecutive terms of 3 years.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    3 only
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
In News: The Biden administration has decided to re-engage with the much-maligned UN Human Rights Council from which Trump withdrew 3 years back.
Statement 1 is incorrect. UNHRC is an Inter-governmental body (not Non-Governmental Body) under the aegis of the UN General Assembly. Out of 47 members, maximum members are selected from Asia and Africa (13 each).
Statement 2 is incorrect. India was selected as a member multiple times including 2006-09 and recent 2019-2021 term.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Members are elected for 3 years term and can hold the seat for two consecutive terms but not beyond that.

Consider the following statements:
1. The concept of One Person Companies (OPCs) was suggested by the J.J. Irani Com-mittee Report.
2. In OPCs, the owner and the business are considered the same legal entity.
Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rhea Reddy answered
In News: In the Union Budget 2021-22, measures to ease norms on setting up One Person Companies (OPCs) have been announced.
Statement 1 is correct. The concept of OPCs was introduced by the Companies Act of 2013 which was based on the suggestions of the J.J. Irani Committee Report on Company Law, 2005.
Statement 2 is not correct. In OPCs, the person and the company are considered separate legal entities. In the Sole Proprietorship Mode, the owner and the business are considered the same.

Consider the following statements:
1. Lingyats are the members of the Hindu sect having the wide following in Southern part of India.
2. They are the worshippers of Shiva.
3. Lingayats and the Veerashaivas both have rejected the Vedas and the caste system.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
  • a)
    1 ,2 and 3
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1 and 2 only
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
In News: Lingayats, a dominant community (nearly 17% of Karnataka’s six crore population), is demanding reservation under OBC quota.
Option D is correct: The Lingayat/Veerashaiva community, a politically dominant group in Karnataka, are devotees of Shiva. The Lingayats follow 12th-century saint-philosopher Basavanna who had rejected ritualistic worship and pre-eminence of the Vedas. They have the wide following in the Southern part of India. Lingayats constitute 17% of the total population in Karnataka.

Who was the founder of Visva-Bharati University?
  • a)
    Madan Mohan Malaviya
  • b)
    Rabindranath Tagore
  • c)
    Bhagwan Das
  • d)
    Homi J Bhabha and J.R.D. Tata
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sounak Basu answered

Founder of Visva-Bharati University

Visva-Bharati University was founded by Rabindranath Tagore, a renowned Indian poet, writer, musician, and artist. He established this university in 1921 in Santiniketan, West Bengal.

Rabindranath Tagore was a Nobel laureate and a prominent figure in the Indian Renaissance movement. He envisioned Visva-Bharati as a place of learning where students from all backgrounds could come together to study and engage in creative pursuits. The university was aimed at promoting the values of universalism, humanism, and internationalism.

Under Rabindranath Tagore's guidance, Visva-Bharati University became a center for art, culture, and education. It attracted scholars, artists, and thinkers from around the world who were drawn to its unique philosophy and ethos.

Today, Visva-Bharati University continues to uphold the legacy of Rabindranath Tagore by offering a wide range of academic programs, promoting cultural exchange, and fostering a spirit of creativity and innovation among its students.

With reference to Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS), Consider the following statements:
1. Under this scheme, the funds are released in the form of grants-in-aid directly to the district authorities.
2. The funds released under the scheme are lapsable if not spent in a particular year.
3. The implementation and monitoring of the scheme are done by the Ministry of Finance.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    1 and 2 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    2 only
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
Statement 1 is correct: MPLADS is a centrally-sponsored plan scheme fully funded by the government of India. Under this scheme, the funds are released in the form of grants in aids directly to the district authorities. Under the scheme, each MP has the choice to suggest to the District Collector for works to the tune of Rs.5 Crores per annum to be taken up in his/her constituency.
Statement 2 is not correct: The funds released under the scheme are non-lapsable. This means that if the funds for a particular is not spent in that year, it will be carried forward.
Statement 2 is not correct: The Ministry of Statistics and Programme has issued the guidelines on MPLADS Scheme including implementation and monitoring of the scheme. The Department has initiated all necessary steps to ensure that the scheme is successfully implemented in the field.

Consider the following statements about FASTag:
1. It is a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) passive tag.
2. It is an initiative of the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).
3. Sensors at toll plazas can detect tags even when it is not in the direct line of sight.
Which of the above statements are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
In News: FASTag is mandatory in India from 1st January 2021 for all vehicles.
Statement 1 is correct. FASTag is a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag to be pasted on the windscreen. It is a passive tag which means it does not release its own radio frequency but simply reflects or interacts with the incoming radio waves at the toll plaza gate.
Statement 2 is incorrect. It is a flagship project of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) and is operated by the National Highway Authority of India.
Statement 3 is correct. The RFID tag does not require being in direct line of sight because radio waves are used by sensors. Once the car/vehicle is within a certain range (few feet), the sensors at toll plaza will automatically detect and deduct the amount from the pre-decided wallet or bank account.

Vijayanagar empire reached its zenith during the reign of?
  • a)
    Krishnadev Raya
  • b)
    Harihara I
  • c)
    Devaraya II
  • d)
    Sangama II
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Verma answered
Vijayanagar empire was founded by the brothers Harihar and Bukka in 1336 in the wake of the rebellions against Tughluq rule. The empire reached its zenith under the reign of Krishnadev Raya of the Tuluva dynasty.

Consider the following statements:
1. Fiscal deficit is the difference between the Revenue Receipts and the total expenditure excluding Non-debt Capital Receipts (NDCR).
2. High Fiscal deficit boosts the demand and hence more private production.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Lalit Yadav answered
In News: Finance minister in her budget speech has proposed a glide path for fiscal consolidation to bring down the fiscal deficit to 4.5% of GDP by FY26. She proposed to introduce amendments to the FRBM Act to make necessary changes in the fiscal consolidation roadmap.
Statement 1 is not correct: The Union Budget defines Fiscal Deficit as the difference between the Revenue Receipts plus Non-debt Capital Receipts (NDCR) and the total expenditure. In other words, it is reflective of the total borrowing requirements of the Government.
Statement 2 is not correct: In the economy, there is a limited pool of investible savings. These savings are used by financial institutions like banks to lend to private businesses (both big and small) and the governments. If the FD ratio is too high, it implies that there is a lesser amount of money left in the market for private entrepreneurs and businesses to borrow.

Consider the following statements:
1. Guru Nanak Dev advocated the ‘Saguna’ form of bhakti.
2. He set up rules for congregational worship (Sangat) involving collective recitation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Surbhi Basu answered
Equality of all human beings.
2. Guru Nanak Dev believed in the importance of selfless service to others.
3. Guru Nanak Dev promoted a message of love, compassion, and tolerance towards all.
4. Guru Nanak Dev rejected the caste system and emphasized the equality of all individuals regardless of their social status.

Overall, these statements accurately represent the teachings and beliefs of Guru Nanak Dev. He preached the concept of equality, emphasizing that all individuals are equal in the eyes of God, regardless of their caste, religion, or social status. He also emphasized the importance of selfless service and helping others, promoting a message of love, compassion, and tolerance.

Consider the following statements:
1. The Chief Information Commission (CIC) is an executive body.
2. The term of Chief Information Commissioner is fixed at 5 years or 65 years age whichever is earlier.
3. Public Information Officers are liable to reply to a plea within 30 days.
Which of the above statements is/are not correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    1 only 2
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Lalit Yadav answered
In News: Supreme Court expressed its displeasure on no reply of Central Government on plea against RTI Amendment Act 2019.
Statement 1 is not correct. The Chief Information Commission (CIC) is a statutory body.
Statement 2 is not correct. The new term of CIC as decided by the Central Government is 3 years after the 2019 amendment.
Statement 3 is correct. Public Information Officers are liable to reply to RTI applications or plead within 30 days.

Consider the following statements:
1. Core Deep Ocean Exploration Mission is an initiative of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
2. The mission has twin targets of Ocean bed Survey and Marine Life Conservation.
3. The Polymetallic Nodules found at the ocean bed are rich in Ferric Minerals.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rhea Reddy answered
In News: Finance Minister launches Rs 4,000 crore deep ocean mission in Union Budget 2020-21. The program will be under the Ministry of Earth Sciences.
Option B is correct: As stated above, Core Deep Ocean Mission is an initiative of India under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. It has twin aims of Surveying Ocean Bed Resources and Biodiversity for economic prosperity and environmental conservation.
The two major minerals found in the ocean bed are:
  • Polymetallic Nodules (PMNs): rich in Ferric Minerals with traces of rare minerals.
  • Gas Hydrates: Methane frozen in ice and water crystals.

Consider the following statements:
1. Einsteinium is a rare element, first discovered on the Moon.
2. It is a naturally occurring radioactive element.
3. Half-Life is the time in which the quantity of elements is reduced to half.
Which of the statements given above are not correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2
  • b)
    2 and 3
  • c)
    1 and 3
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
In News: Recently, scientists have tried to study the bond formation between Einsteinium and other atoms.
Statement 1 is incorrect. Einsteinium was first discovered in the Hydro-gen Bomb Explosion of 1952.
Statement 2 is incorrect. It is Synthetic, not Naturally Occurring.
Statement 3 is correct. Half-Life is the time period in which the material reduces by half in quantity.

Consider the following statements:
1. India is the world’s largest producer of Silk.
2. It is the only country in the world that produces all major varieties of silk.
3. Mulberry accounts for 70% of total raw silk production in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

's largest democracy.
2. India has a population of over 1.3 billion people.
3. India is known for its diverse culture and languages.
4. India is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world.
5. India has a nuclear weapons program.

Which of these statements are true?

1. India is the world's largest democracy. - True
2. India has a population of over 1.3 billion people. - True
3. India is known for its diverse culture and languages. - True
4. India is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. - True
5. India has a nuclear weapons program. - True

Which among the following statement(s) is/are correct with respect to the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START)?
1. It is a nuclear arms reduction treaty between the NATO allies and the Russian Federation.
2. The treaty calls for measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms.
3. It was signed on 8 April 2010 in Prague.
Choose the correct option using the codes given below:
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Poonam Reddy answered
In News: The United States has extended the New START nuclear disarmament treaty with Russia for five years.
Statement 1 is not correct: It is a nuclear arms reduction treaty between the United States and the Russian Federation. It is a successor to the START framework of 1991 (at the end of the Cold War) that limited both sides to 1,600 strategic delivery vehicles and 6,000 warheads.
Statement 2 is correct: It is the formal name of Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. The number of strategic nuclear missile launchers will be reduced by half.
Statement 3 is correct: It was signed on 8 April 2010 in Prague, and, after ratification entered into force on 5 February 2011. New START replaced the Treaty of Moscow (SORT), which was due to expire in December 2012.

With reference to the Star Dust 1.0, recently seen in the news, consider the following statements:
1. It is the first-ever commercial booster rocket-powered entirely by biofuel.
2. It is launched by NASA for carrying large payloads to Lower Earth Orbits (LEOs).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Lalit Yadav answered
In News: Stardust 1.0 was launched by blueshift Aerospace from Loring Commerce Centre in Maine, the US, a former military base.
Option A is correct: Stardust 1.0 is a small sounding rocket powered by a "bio-derived" solid fuel to act as a testbed for future blueshift rockets capable of launching tiny nanosatellites. Stardust 1.0 is a launch vehicle suited for student and budget payloads. It will help to launch small satellites called CubeSats into space in a way that is relatively cheaper than using traditional rocket fuel and is less toxic for the environment.

The City Innovation Exchange (CIX) Platform, recently seen in the news, has been launched by?
  • a)
    Ministry of Corporate Affairs
  • b)
    Ministry of Science and Technology
  • c)
    Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
  • d)
    Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Lalit Yadav answered
The City Innovation Exchange (CIX) Platform will connect cities to innovators across the national ecosystem to design innovative solutions for their pressing challenges. It has been launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

Recently, the term ―Dickinsonia” was seen in the news. It refers to
  • a)
    Earliest known multicellular animal
  • b)
    A hominid fossil
  • c)
    A supermassive blackhole
  • d)
    A marigold species with high Carotene
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
Dickinsonia is the earliest known living animal and represents the emergence of multicellular complex lifeforms on earth. Its 550 million years old fossils have been found in the roof of Bhimbetka Cave, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

‘Carbon Watch’ recently seen in the news, it is an
  • a)
    App to access Climate Change.
  • b)
    Organisation set up by Paris Agreement.
  • c)
    App to access individual’s Carbon Footprints.
  • d)
    NGO working for Environment.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Lalit Yadav answered
Carbon Watch is India’s first app to assess one’s carbon footprint. It has been launched by Chandigarh but can be accessed by all.
It asks the user to feed certain data in 4 parts:
  • Water: inform about the consumption of Water
  • Energy: Data regarding monthly electricity units consumed and solar energy consumed
  • Waste Generation: Amount of waste produced by individual and family is to be inputted
  • Transport (Vehicular movement): Mode of transport like bicycle, two-wheeler or four-wheeler, etc will be asked

Recently, ‘Tholpavakkoothu’ was in the news. It is a
  • a)
    Shadow puppetry
  • b)
    Musical Instrument
  • c)
    Dance
  • d)
    Festival
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Khanna answered
Tholpavakoothu or shadow puppetry is a temple art form which is prevalent in the Bhagavathy temples (mother Goddess) in Palakkad district and nearby regions in Kerala.

Consider the following statements:
1. Disinvestment is when organizations liquidate their assets or subsidiaries.
2. India has continuously achieved its disinvestment targets for the last 5 years.
3. Narasimham Committee has suggested reducing the government’s stake in Public Sector Banks.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Poonam Reddy answered
In News: The Government has decided to privatise two Public Sector Banks (PSBs) along with IDBI and General insurance.
Statement 1 is correct. Disinvestment is the process when the government decides to reduce its stake from any public company. Disinvestment can be by privatisation, public listing or partial sale of shares. In other words, Disinvestment is when governments or organizations sell or liquidate assets or subsidiaries.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The disinvestment targets are highly underachieved except for the last two years viz. 2017-18 and 2018-19.
Statement 3 is correct. Narasimham Committee, P J Nayak Committee both have suggested the government to reduce its stake in Public Sector Banks to 33% and less than 50% respectively.

The Global Democracy Index is published by which of the following organisations?
  • a)
    World Economic Forum (WEF)
  • b)
    United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
  • c)
    Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)
  • d)
    International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
In News: Recently, 2020 Democracy Index's global ranking is released by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).
Option C is correct: Norway topped the Democracy Index with Iceland, Sweden, New Zealand and Canada making up the top five. India slipped two places to the 53rd position in the 2020 Democracy Index’s global ranking. The report said that ―democratic backsliding” by authorities and ―crackdowns” on civil liberties has led to a further decline in the country’s ranking. However, India is ranked higher than most of its neighbouring countries. 

With reference to Saras Aajeevika Mela, consider the following statements:
1. It aims to bring the rural women Self Help Groups (SHGs) under one platform to showcase their skills and sell their products at national level.
2. It was launched by the Ministry of Culture.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Lalit Yadav answered
Statement 1 is correct: Through participation in SARAS Aajeevika Mela, rural self-help groups (SHG) women get vital national level exposure to understand the demand and taste of urban customers. It brings SHG under one platform to showcase their skills, sell their products and help them build linkages with bulk buyers.
Statement 2 is not correct. It is an initiative of Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) under the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD).

Netwire, sometimes seen in the news, is a?
  • a)
    Smart Wall Technology
  • b)
    Optical Fibre Cable
  • c)
    Forest-fire Preventive Technology
  • d)
    Remote Access Trojan
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
A well-known malware, Netwire is a Remote Access Trojan (RAT) which gives control of the infected system to an attacker through a command and control server. It causes extensive damage to data and systems or to gain unauthorized access to a network.

Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) is a treatment for?
  • a)
    SARS-CoV-2
  • b)
    Diphtheria
  • c)
    Malaria
  • d)
    Yellow Fever
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
In News: Recently, scientists have unveiled the detailed genome of the Asian malaria vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi.
Option C is correct. Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) is recommended for the treatment of Malaria

'Prabuddha Bharata' is a monthly journal, it was started by whom?
  • a)
    Lala Lajpat Rai
  • b)
    Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  • c)
    Raja Ram Mohar Rai
  • d)
    Swami Vivekananda
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vinod Mehta answered
In News: The Prime Minister addressed the 125th anniversary celebrations of ‘Prabuddha Bharata’.
Option D is correct: 'Prabuddha Bharata' is a monthly journal of the Ramakrishna Order which was started by Swami Vivekananda. It has been in publication since 1896 and carries articles on social sciences and humanities comprising historical, psychological, cultural and social sciences themes. Prabuddha Bharata' is regarded as a significant medium for spreading the message of India’s ancient spiritual wisdom. 

‘Yuddh Abhyas’ is a military exercise between Indian and
  • a)
    U.S
  • b)
    Russia
  • c)
    BIMSTEC members
  • d)
    Japan
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Khanna answered
In News: Indo-U.S. joint military exercise ‘Yudh Abhyas’ to begin in Rajasthan on February 8
Option A is correct: It is the 16th edition of Indo-US joint military exercise. It aims at enhancing cooperation and interoperability between the two armies and will focus on counter-terrorism operations under the United Nations mandate. It is significant in terms of security challenges faced by both the nations in the backdrop of global terrorism. It reiterates India’s key role as a key partner in the Indo-Pacific region.

With reference to the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve, consider the following statements:
1. It is the only place in the country with a viable population of Northern Swamp Deer.
2. It is one of the finest examples of the Terai eco-systems.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Alok Verma answered
In News: Recently, the Special Tiger Protection Force (STPF) has recovered the decomposed flesh of a tiger from the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve.
Statement 1 is correct. It is the only place in the country to hold a potentially viable population of the nominate subspecies of the northern swamp deer (Cervus duvauceli duvauceli).
Statement 2 is correct. It is one of the finest examples of the exceedingly diverse and productive Terai eco-systems. Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) is composed of 14 Indian and Nepalese transborder protected ecosystems of the Terai and nearby foothills of the Himalayas and encompassing 14 protected areas of Nepal and India.

Recently, scientists have successfully cloned a Black-footed Ferret using frozen cells. The species is listed in the IUCN Red List as?
  • a)
    Near Threatened
  • b)
    Vulnerable
  • c)
    Extinct
  • d)
    Endangered
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Lalit Yadav answered
Recently, scientists have successfully cloned a Black-footed Ferret using frozen cells from an animal that died more than 30 years ago. This is the first time any native endangered species has been cloned in the US. Black-footed ferrets are found in short or middle grass prairies in North America and are the only ferret species native to the continent. These are listed as ―endangered” in the IUCN Red List.

The Bilimora-Waghai Heritage Train, recently seen in the news, is located in which of the following state?
  • a)
    Rajasthan
  • b)
    Maharashtra
  • c)
    Karnataka
  • d)
    Gujarat
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Lalit Yadav answered
The Bilimora-Waghai Heritage Train is a 63-km narrow gauge train connecting Bilimora in Navsari district with Waghai in Dang district in Gujarat. The Indian Railways had proposed to preserve its route as ―industrial heritage” in 2018.

The term ‘BL Lacertae Blazar’, often seen in the news, is related to:
  • a)
    Exoplanet
  • b)
    Supermassive Blackhole
  • c)
    An Epoch of time referring to Ice Age
  • d)
    A newly discovered Fossil
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Poonam Reddy answered
BL Lacertae Blazar is a supermassive blackhole. Blazars are blackhole-powered galaxies. As matter falls toward the supermassive black hole at the galaxy's center, some of it is accelerated outward at nearly the speed of light along jets pointed in opposite directions. When one of the jets happens to be aimed in the direction of Earth, the galaxy appears especially bright and is classified as a blazar.

The term ‘Pattachitra’, recently seen in the news, refers to:
  • a)
    Dance
  • b)
    Music
  • c)
    Painting
  • d)
    Festival
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vinod Mehta answered
‘Pattachitra’ style of painting is one of the oldest and most popular art forms of Odisha. The name Pattachitra has evolved from the Sanskrit words patta, meaning canvas, and chitra, meaning picture. These are done on canvas and are manifested by rich colourful application, creative motifs and designs, and portrayal of simple themes, which are mostly mythological in depiction.

Consider the following statements:
1. Kutia Kondhs are the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) of Rajasthan.
2. There are 700 PVTG identified across India by Census 2011.
Which of the statements given above are not correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Lalit Yadav answered
In News: Kutia Khonds are a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) of Kalahandi District of Odisha and need special care for their upliftment.
Statement 1 is not correct. Kutia Kondhs are a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) of Odisha.
Statement 2 is not correct. There are 75 PTVGs out of 705 Scheduled Tribes spread across 17 states in India identified by Census 2011.

Situated on the southern bank of Tungabhadra river, the city boasts of being one of the largest medieval era capital cities of a long-ruling prosperous empire. The city houses Ashokan epigraphy, Hazara Ram Temple and Virupaksha Temple. The city which has been described above is?
  • a)
    Badami
  • b)
    Hampi
  • c)
    Vengi
  • d)
    Devgiri
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
In News: A new district has been created in Karnataka with the name of Vijayanagar, taking the number of districts to 31 in Karnataka.
Option B is correct. Hampi was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire, situated on the banks of Tungabhadra River. It was a prosperous city with many medieval era temples like Hazara Ram Temple, Virupaksha Temple, etc. Hampi’s legacy dates back to the ancient era with mentions in Ramayan and Puranas as Pampa Devi Tirtha Kshetra.

Which of the following statements regarding ‘National Marine Turtle Action Plan’, is/are correct?
1. It was launched by the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying.
2. It focuses on assessments of the environmental impact of marine and coastal development that affects marine turtle populations and their habitats.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Sharma answered
Statements 1 is not correct. It was launched by the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change.
Statement 2 is correct. It focuses on assessments of the environmental impact of marine and coastal development that affects marine turtle populations and their habitats.
Promotes inter-sectoral action for conservation and also guides improved coordination amongst the government, civil society and all relevant stakeholders.

With reference to Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF), consider the following statements:
1. It is a traditional Indian practise of rearing animals and cultivating crops together.
2. It relies on the principles of Agroecology.
3. It uses fermented microbial culture that adds nutrients to the soil.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
  • a)
    1 and2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
Statement 1 is not correct: Zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) is a method of chemicalfree agriculture drawing from traditional Indian practices. It was originally promoted by Maharashtrian agriculturist and Padma Shri recipient Subhash Palekar.  The ZBNF promotes the application of jeevamrutha — a mixture of fresh desi cow dung and aged desi cow urine, jaggery, pulse flour, water and soil — on farmland. The rearing of animals and cultivation of crops together are called mixed farming.
Statement 2 is correct: ZBNF principles are in harmony with the principles of Agroecology and it brings down the cost of production to nearly zero and returns to a pre-green revolution style of farming.
Statement 3 is correct: ZBNF promotes the application of jeevamrutha — a mixture of fresh desi cow dung and aged desi cow urine, jaggery, pulse flour, water and soil — on farmland. This is a fermented microbial culture that adds nutrients to the soil, and acts as a catalytic agent to promote the activity of microorganisms and earthworms in the soil. 

Recently, Srivilliputhur Megamalai Tiger Reserve (SMTR) was in the news, it is located in
  • a)
    Orissa
  • b)
    Maharashtra
  • c)
    Tamil Nadu
  • d)
    Madhya Pradesh 
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Alok Verma answered
In News-Recently, Tamil Nadu state government has given its approval for the creation of a fifth tiger reserve in Tamil Nadu named Srivilliputhur Megamalai Tiger Reserve (SMTR).
Option C is correct: The Government of India (GoI) has approved the Srivilliputhur-Meghamalai Tiger Reserve (SMTR) in Tamil Nadu (TN), it will be TN’s 5th and Largest Tiger Reserve & 51st Tiger Reserve in India. SMTR is spread over an area of 1 Lakh Hectares and encloses lands which fall under the Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary & Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS).

With reference to the ―Dark Matter”, sometimes seen in the news, consider the following statements:
1. Dark matter is a hypothetical invisible mass thought to be responsible for adding gravity to galaxies.
2. The ‘Dark matter’ interacts with the electromagnetic force similar to stars and galaxies.
3. Its gravitational force prevents stars in our Milky Way from flying apart.
Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?
  • a)
    2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Khanna answered
In News: Scientists from the University of Sussex have found a new way to know more about dark matter.
Option A is correct: Dark matter, though never detected, is believed to be present in the entire universe, its existence presumed because a number of observable celestial phenomena could not be possible if the universe did not have much more matter in it than is seen. It is believed to make up more than 95% of all the universe. Its gravitational force prevents stars in our Milky Way from flying apart. Called dark matter- Because unlike normal matter (i.e. stars and galaxies), dark matter does not interact with the electromagnetic force. 

The ‘Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre (ISLRTC)’ works under the aegis of which of the following ministries?
  • a)
    Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
  • b)
    Ministry of Labour and Employment
  • c)
    Ministry of Education
  • d)
    Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Lalit Yadav answered
Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre (ISLRTC)  under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment  inaugurated the 3rd Edition of the Indian Sign Language Dictionary with 10,000 terms. The first edition was launched in March 2018 with 3,000 terms, followed by the second edition in February 2019 that had 6,000 terms.The dictionary included terms of daily use, academic, legal and administrative, medical, technical and agricultural terms.

Consider the following statements:
1. Myanmar proposed the idea to observe International Mother Language Day.
2. It was welcomed by the UN General Assembly in its resolution of 2002.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Lalit Yadav answered
Statement 1 is not correct. Bangladesh  proposed the idea to observe International Mother Language Day.
Statement 2 is correct. The proposal got UNESCO’s approval in 1999. the UN General Assembly welcomed it in its resolution of 2002.
The UN General Assembly in 2007 asked its member states ―to promote the preservation and protection of all languages used by peoples of the world.”

Recently, the Centenary Commemorative function of Pandit Bhimsen Joshi was organised in Pune. He was a:
  • a)
    Classical vocalist
  • b)
    Painter
  • c)
    Kathak dancer
  • d)
    Historian
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
Option A is correct. Pandit Bhimsen Joshi was a classical vocalist. He was a member of the Kirana Gharana and renowned for the khayal form of singing, as well as for his popular renditions of devotional music (bhajans and abhangs).

Which among the following is/are correct with respect to the Reserve Bank of India’s Open Market Operations?
1. It is the rate at which the banks are able to borrow overnight funds from RBI against the approved government securities.
2. It is one of the qualitative tools of RBI under his monetary policy.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vt Sir - Kota answered
Statement 1 is not correct: Open market operations is the sale and purchase of government securities and treasury bills by RBI or the central bank of the country. And Marginal Standing Facility is a new Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) window created by Reserve Bank of India in its credit policy of May 2011. MSF is the rate at which the banks are able to borrow overnight funds from RBI against the approved government securities.
Statement 2 is not correct: The quantitative instruments are Open Market Operations, Liquidity Adjustment Facility (Repo and Reverse Repo), Marginal Standing Facility, SLR, CRR, Bank Rate, Credit Ceiling etc. On the other hand, qualitative instruments are credit rationing, moral suasion and direct action (by RBI on banks).

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