All Courses
Get the App Signup / Login
Sign in Open App
All Exams  >   UPSC  >   Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis 2021  >   All Questions

All questions of Daily Current Affairs MCQs for UPSC CSE Exam

With reference to the Farm Mechanization, consider the following statements:
1. A special dedicated scheme ‘Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM)’ has been introduced by Government of India in 2014-15.
2. The scheme aims to make farm machines accessible and affordable for the small and marginal farmers (SMFs) by establishing Custom Hiring Centers (CHCs), creating Hubs for hi-tech & high-value farm equipment and Farm Machinery Banks.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
     1 only        
  • b)
    2 only        
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2        
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vijay Kumar answered
Government of India informed Parliament about the initiatives to Promote Farm Mechanization.
  • A special dedicated scheme ‘Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM)’ has been introduced by Government of India in 2014-15.
  • The scheme aims to make farm machines accessible and affordable for the small and marginal farmers (SMFs) by establishing Custom Hiring Centers(CHCs) , creating Hubs for hi-tech & high-value farm equipment and Farm Machinery Banks.
  • Distribution of various subsidized agricultural equipment and machines to individual farmers is also one of the scheme's activities.
  • For 2021-22 Rs. 1050 crore budget has been allocated for SMAM which is more than the previous year.
  • Agricultural mechanization is crucial in the agriculture sector as it contributes to improving the efficiency and effectivity of the inputs used in crop production, thereby increasing the productivity of crops. This also reduces drudgery associated with various farm operations.
Clear all your doubts with EduRev

Who was Pandit Bhimsen Joshi?        
  • a)
    An Indian vocalist        
  • b)
    An athlete        
  • c)
    An ISRO Scientist        
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sai Kulkarni answered
The year-long Birth Centenary celebrations of the doyen of music Pandit Bhimsen Joshi will begin on February 4, 2021.
  • Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi (1922 –2011) was an Indian vocalist from Karnataka, in the Hindustani classical tradition.
  • He is known for the khayal form of singing, as well as for his popular renditions of devotional music (bhajans and abhangs).
  • Bhimsen Joshi belongs to the Kirana Gharana tradition of Hindustani Classical Music.
  • Bhimsen Joshi was instrumental in organising the Sawai Gandharva Music Festival annually, as a homage to his guru, Pandit Sawai Gandharva.
  • In 1998, he was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, the highest honour conferred by Sangeet Natak Akademi.
  • He received the Bharat Ratna in 2009.

What is Anastasia, recently seen in the news?
  • a)
    A cargo ship
  • b)
    Exoplanet
  • c)
    Mini satellite
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

G.K Academy answered
After 15 months, Anand Fernandes, a Mumbai sailor returned home. He was a crew member on the cargo ship Anastasia, which was stranded at a Chinese port due to the coronavirus pandemic.
  • Mr Fernandes started his journey on Anastasia before the pandemic in November 2019 and the ship travelled to the U.S., Netherlands, South Africa, India, China, and Australia.
  • However, the second trip to China resulted in the ship being stranded in Chinese waters as the pandemic scare prevented the unloading of Australian coal. China also had new regulations on imports.
  • After the successful negotiations with Chinese officials, the ship was then taken to Japan from where the crew flew to Dubai and then to the respective cities of residence.

Farakka Barrage is a barrage across which of the following river?        
  • a)
    Ganga        
  • b)
    Yamuna        
  • c)
    Krishna        
  • d)
    Godavari
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Alok Verma answered
It has been reported that an old project to facilitate the movement of hilsa upstream along the Ganga to its spawning grounds of yore may come to fruition this year.
  • In scientific parlance, the hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) is an anadromous fish.
  • That is, it lives most of its life in the ocean, but during the rainy season, when it is time to spawn, the hilsa moves towards the estuary, where the rivers of India and Bangladesh meet the Bay of Bengal.
  • A large part of the shoal travels upstream in the Padma and the Ganga — some are known to move towards the Godavari, and there are records of hilsa migration to the Cauvery.
Farakka Barrage Lock
  • Historical records also show that until the 1970s, the hilsa would swim the Ganga upstream to Allahabad — and even to Agra.
  • But the Farakka Barrage, which became operational on the Ganga in 1975, disrupted the westward movement of the hilsa.
  • The barrage had a navigation lock that stopped the fish from swimming upstream beyond Farakka. In Buxar on the border of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, the last recorded catch of the hilsa was made 32 years ago.
Fish ladders/fishways/fish passes
  • In 2016, Union Water Resources Minister told Lok Sabha about plans to create “fish ladders” to help the fish navigate the obstacle posed by the barrage.
  • In February 2019, the government had unveiled a project to redesign the navigation lock at the Farakka Barrage at a cost of Rs 360 crore to create a “fish pass” for the hilsa.
  • Fish passes — also known as fish ladders or fishways — aim to assist fish in crossing obstacles presented by dams and barrages.
  • They usually consist of small steps that allow the fish to climb over the obstacles and enable them to reach the open waters on the other side.

With reference to the Swami Dayanand Saraswati, consider the following statements:
1. He is the founder of the Arya Samaj, a reform movement of the Vedic dharma.
2. He was the first to call Swaraj "India for Indians" in 1876, a call later taken up by Lokmanya Tilak.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Poonam Reddy answered
Information and Broadcasting Minister Prakash Javadekar paid tributes to Swami Dayanand Saraswati on his birth anniversary on February 12, 2021.
  • Dayananda Saraswati (12 February 1824 – 30 October 1883) was an Indian philosopher, social leader and founder of the Arya Samaj, a reform movement of the Vedic dharma.
  • He was the first to give the call for Swaraj as "India for Indians" in 1876, a call later taken up by Lokmanya Tilak.
  • Denouncing the idolatry and ritualistic worship, he worked towards reviving Vedic ideologies.
  • Subsequently, the philosopher and President of India, S. Radhakrishnan called him one of the "makers of Modern India", as did Sri Aurobindo.
  • Those who were influenced by and followed Dayananda included Madam Cama, Swami Shraddhanand, Shyamji Krishna Varma, Bhagat Singh, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Lala Lajpat Rai etc.
  • He was a sanyasi (ascetic) from boyhood and a scholar. He believed in the infallible authority of the Vedas. Dayananda advocated the doctrine of Karma and Reincarnation.
  • Among Dayananda's contributions were his promoting of the equal rights for women, such as the right to education and reading of Indian scriptures, and his commentary on the Vedas from Vedic Sanskrit in Sanskrit as well as in Hindi.

Which of the following statement is not correct about Delimitation Commission?
  • a)
    Delimitation is the act of redrawing boundaries of Lok Sabha and state Assembly seats to represent changes in population
  • b)
    Under Article 82, the Parliament enacts a Delimitation Act after every Census.
  • c)
    There was no delimitation after the 1981 and 1991 Censuses.
  • d)
    Delimitation Commissions have been set up seven times in India since Independence.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Avi Sengupta answered
Understanding Delimitation Commission in India
The Delimitation Commission plays a crucial role in redrawing the boundaries of electoral constituencies in India. However, the statement regarding the number of times it has been set up is incorrect.
Key Points on Delimitation Commission:
- Delimitation Defined:
Delimitation refers to the process of redrawing the boundaries of Lok Sabha and State Assembly seats based on changes in population and demographic shifts.
- Legal Framework:
Under Article 82 of the Indian Constitution, the Parliament is required to enact a Delimitation Act after every Census to ensure that the representation in the legislature reflects the population changes.
- Delimitation History:
There has been no delimitation exercise conducted after the 1981 and 1991 Censuses, which is significant as it shows a gap in the process that is supposed to reflect demographic changes.
- Delimitation Commissions Established:
Contrary to option D, which states that Delimitation Commissions have been set up seven times since Independence, the actual number is five. These commissions were established in the years 1952, 1963, 1972, 2002, and 2020.
Conclusion:
Therefore, the statement in option D is incorrect as it overstates the number of times the Delimitation Commission has been established in India. Understanding this aspect is essential for comprehending how electoral representation is managed in the country.

With reference to the Cadmium (Cd) doped Silver Antimony Telluride (AgSbTe2), consider the following statements:
1. It is a new Lead (Pb) free material which can efficiently convert waste heat to power our small home equipment and automobiles.
2. It is developed by DRDO.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
Scientists have found a new Lead (Pb) free material which can efficiently convert waste heat to power our small home equipment and automobiles.
  • Most efficient thermoelectric materials developed by scientists so far use Lead (Pb) as a major constituent element, restricting their use for mass-market applications.
  • Scientists from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bengaluru, an autonomous institution of the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of having now identified a lead-free material called Cadmium (Cd) doped Silver Antimony Telluride (AgSbTe2).
  • This material can efficiently allow recovery of electricity fromwaste heat’ marking a paradigm shift in the thermoelectric puzzle.
  • This work is supported by the Swarna-Jayanti fellowship and project fund from the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) and Department of Science & Technology (DST), India

Dhekiajuli is associated with which of the following movements?        
  • a)
    Non-Cooperation Movement        
  • b)
    Civil Disobedience Movement        
  • c)
    Khilafat Movement        
  • d)
    Quit India Movement
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Khanna answered
Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid a visit to the historic “martyr” town of Dhekiajuli in Assam, to lay the foundation stone for two medical colleges and launch a road and highway project.
  • Dhekiajuli is associated with the Quit India Movement of 1942
  • Dhekiajuli was home to possibly the youngest martyr of the Indian freedom struggle.
  • On September 20, 1942, as part of the Quit India movement, processions of freedom fighters marched to various police stations across several towns in Assam.
  • These squads, which were known as ‘Mrityu Bahini’, or death squads, had wide participation — including women and children — and set out to unfurl the tricolour atop police stations, seen as symbols of colonial power.
  • The British administration came down heavily on them. In Dhekiajuli, at least 15 people were shot dead, three of them women, including the 12-year-old Tileswari Barua.
  • September 20 has for long been observed as Martyrs’ Day in Dhekiajuli town.
  • Recently, the Dhekiajuli police station was accorded heritage status and restored by the Assam government.

With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), consider the following statements:
1. The Scheme extends coverage from pre-sowing to post-harvest for the entire cropping cycle, including coverage for losses arising from prevented sowing and mid-season adversity.
2. This scheme is being implemented by the Finance Ministry.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?   
  • a)
    1 only        
  • b)
    2 only        
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2        
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
To boost the safety of farmers' crops and ensure maximum benefit of crop insurance reaches to farmers, the Government of India has allocated Rs 16000 crores for Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) for the fiscal year 2021-22.
  • This is a budgetary increase of around Rs 305 crore as against the previous fiscal year 2020-21.
  • The Scheme extends coverage for the entire cropping cycle from pre-sowing to post-harvest including coverage for losses arising out of prevented sowing and mid-season adversities.
  • 5 years ago, on 13th January 2016, India's Government approved this flagship crop insurance scheme.
  • Today, PMFBY is globally the largest crop insurance scheme in terms of farmer participation and 3rd largest in terms of premium. Over 5.5 crore farmer applications are received on a year-on-year basis.
  • The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare implements this Scheme which was made voluntary for farmers post its revamp in 2020.
  • As of now. out of total farmers enrolled under PMFBY, 84% are small and marginal farmers. Thus, financial assistance is provided to most vulnerable farmers.

Which of the following are the UNESCO World Heritage sites in India?
1. Group of Monuments at Hampi 
2. Jaipur City, Rajasthan
3. Rani-ki-Vav at Patan, Gujarat
4. Kailash Mansarovar
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1, 2 and 3 only
  • b)
    2, 3 and 4 only
  • c)
    1, 2 and 4 only
  • d)
    1, 2, 3 and 4
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Dipika Gupta answered
The correct answer is option 'A' - 1, 2 and 3 only.

Explanation:
India is home to numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites that are recognized for their outstanding universal value. These sites are considered to be of exceptional cultural or natural significance and are protected by international treaties. Let's take a look at the options provided.

1. Group of Monuments at Hampi:
The Group of Monuments at Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in the state of Karnataka. It encompasses the ruins of the city of Vijayanagara, which was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire in the 14th to 16th centuries. The site includes various temples, palaces, marketplaces, and other structures that showcase the architectural and artistic achievements of the Vijayanagara Empire.

2. Jaipur City, Rajasthan:
Jaipur City, also known as the Pink City, is the capital of the state of Rajasthan in India. While Jaipur itself is not listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, it is part of the larger "Hill Forts of Rajasthan" World Heritage site. This site includes six hill forts in Rajasthan, including Amer Fort and Jaigarh Fort in Jaipur. These forts are known for their impressive architecture and historical significance.

3. Rani-ki-Vav at Patan, Gujarat:
Rani-ki-Vav is an intricately designed stepwell located in the town of Patan in Gujarat. It was constructed in the 11th century and is considered a masterpiece of Maru-Gurjara architecture. Rani-ki-Vav is known for its stunning sculptures, intricate carvings, and unique water management system. It was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2014.

4. Kailash Mansarovar:
Kailash Mansarovar is not a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is a sacred pilgrimage site located in the Himalayas, revered by Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, and Bonpos. The site is known for its natural beauty, including Mount Kailash, Lake Mansarovar, and various other lakes, rivers, and mountains in the region.

To summarize, the UNESCO World Heritage sites in India among the given options are 1. Group of Monuments at Hampi, 2. Jaipur City (as part of the Hill Forts of Rajasthan site), and 3. Rani-ki-Vav at Patan, Gujarat.

With reference to the SAKSHAM (Shramik Shakti Manch), consider the following statements:
1. It is a dynamic job portal for mapping the skills of Shramiks vis-à-vis requirements of MSMEs to connect Shramiks with MSMEs directly
2. It is specially created for the North-Eastern region.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC) has launched SAKSHAM (Shramik Shakti Manch).
  • It is a dynamic job portal for mapping the skills of Shramiks vis-à-vis requirements of MSMEs to directly connect Shramiks with MSMEs and facilitate placement of 10 lakh blue-collar jobs.
  • The SAKSHAM job portal will help eliminate middlemen/ labour contractor as well as help identification of skill proficiency level and development of Skill Cards for Shramiks.
  • The portal with the demand and supply data uses algorithm and Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, for geospatial information on demand and availability of Shramiks, and also provides analysis on skill training programmes of Shramiks.
  • The pilot portal originally initiated with two districts is now being launched as an all India portal.

With reference to the Rashtrapati Bhavan, consider the following statements:
1. Rashtrapati Bhavan Krida Sthal are developed with the aim to cater to the needs of the employees of Rashtrapati Bhavan and their families.
2. Lord Irwin administered the oath of Prime Minister to Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru under the Central Dome of Rashtrapati Bhavan in 1947.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Naroj Boda answered
The President of India inaugurated the Rashtrapati Bhavan Krida Sthal (renovated Football Ground and Basketball Court) in the President's Estate on February 16, 2021.
  • These state-of-art sports facilities are developed with the aim to cater to the needs of the employees of Rashtrapati Bhavan and their families.
  • An inter-departmental football tournament with five teams namely – President's Secretariat Heroes, Household Youngs, PBG Warriors, Army Guard Daredevils and Delhi Police Stalwarts also started to encourage the employees and their family members to take part in the sports activities.
The Rashtrapati Bhavan has served as a home to Viceroy Lord Irwin and subsequently to other Viceroys of India till Lord Mountbatten, the last British Viceroy and the first Governor-General of independent India in 1947. Lord Mountbatten administered the oath of Prime Minister to Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru under the Central Dome of Rashtrapati Bhavan in 1947. C. Rajagopalachari, the first Indian Governor-General also took oath under the Central Dome on June 21, 1948 and became the first Indian to reside at the Government House, as it was then called.

According to the UNESCO’s 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, which of the following are the broad domains in which Intangible Cultural Heritage is manifested?
1. Performing Arts
2. Social practices, Rituals and Festive events
3. Traditional Craftsmanship
Select the correct answer using the code given below:       
  • a)
    1 only        
  • b)
    1 and 2 only        
  • c)
    2 and 3 only        
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Kaavya Sarkar answered


Domains of Intangible Cultural Heritage:

Intangible Cultural Heritage is manifested in various domains as identified by the UNESCO's 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. These broad domains include:

1. Performing Arts:
Performing arts encompass a wide range of creative expressions such as music, dance, theater, and oral traditions. These art forms are passed down from generation to generation and play a significant role in shaping cultural identities.

2. Social practices, Rituals and Festive events:
Social practices, rituals, and festive events are integral parts of a community's cultural heritage. These may include traditional ceremonies, religious rituals, and celebrations that reflect the values, beliefs, and customs of a particular group.

3. Traditional Craftsmanship:
Traditional craftsmanship refers to the skills, techniques, and knowledge associated with producing handmade goods. This domain includes traditional skills such as pottery, weaving, woodcarving, and other artisanal practices that have been preserved over time.

By recognizing and safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage within these domains, UNESCO aims to promote cultural diversity, dialogue, and sustainable development. It is essential to protect and preserve these forms of heritage to ensure their continued transmission to future generations.

Which of the following state has become the second State to undertake the power sector reforms stipulated by the Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance?
  • a)
    Kerala                       
  • b)
    Punjab                       
  • c)
    Gujarat                       
  • d)
    Andhra Pradesh
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
Andhra Pradesh has become the second State to undertake the power sector reforms stipulated by the Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance.
  • As part of the reforms, the State has started Direct Benefit transfer (DBT) of electricity subsisdy to farmers with effect from September 2020.
  • Thus, the State has successfully implemented one of the three stipulated reforms in the power sector.
  • Besides Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh has also undertaken reforms in the power sector.
  • As per the guidelines issued by the Department of Expenditure, the States undertaking reforms in power sector are granted permission to raise additional financial resources of up to 0.25 percent of the GSDP.
  • This is linked to a set of 3 reforms in the sector:
    • 0.05 % of GSDP for a reduction in Aggregate Technical & Commercial losses in the State as per prescribed targets.
    • Another, 0.05 % of GSDP is allowed for a reduction in the gap between the Average Cost of Supply and Average Revenue Realisation (ACS-ARR gap) in the State as per prescribed targets.
    • Finally, 0.15 % of GSDP of the State's introduction of Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) to all farmers in the State in lieu of free/ subsidised electricity is finally considered. For this, the State government has to frame a scheme for transfer of cash and implement the scheme in at least one district by 31st December 2020.

With reference to the Bond yield, consider the following statements:
1. It is the return an investor gets on that bond or on particular government security.
2. A rise in bond yields means interest rates in the monetary system have fallen, and investors' returns have declined.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Khanna answered
Rising yields on government securities or bonds in the United States and India have triggered concern over the negative impact on other asset classes, especially stock markets, and even gold.
  • Bond yield is the return an investor gets on that bond or on particular government security.
  • The major factors affecting the yield is the monetary policy of the Reserve Bank of India, especially the course of interest rates, the fiscal position of the government and its borrowing programme, global markets, economy, and inflation.
  • A fall in interest rates makes bond prices rise, and bond yields fall — and rising interest rates cause bond prices to fall, and bond yields to rise.
  • In short, a rise in bond yields means interest rates in the monetary system have fallen, and the returns for investors (those who invested in bonds and govt securities) have declined.
  • The yield on 10-year bonds in India moved up from the recent low of 5.76% to 6.20% in line with the rise in US yields, sending jitters through the stock market, where the benchmark Sensex fell 2,300 points last week.

TECHNOGRAHIS, recently seen in news, is an initiative of:
  • a)
    Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
  • b)
    Ministry of Labour and Employment
  • c)
    Ministry of Minority Affairs
  • d)
    Ministry of Law and Justice
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
An Enrolment Module for TECHNOGRAHIS, has been launched by The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA).
  • TECHNOGRAHIS are students from IITs, NITs, engineering, planning and architecture colleges, faculty members, academicians, and stakeholders.
  • The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) is promoting six Light House Projects (LHPs) as Live Laboratories for transfer of technology to the field.
  • The LHPs are model housing projects. About 1,000 houses at each location are being built with allied infrastructure facilities.
  • Interested candidates can register themselves to visit these Live Laboratories at six LHP sites for learning, consultation, generation of ideas and solutions, experimentation, innovation, and technical awareness.
  • Till the completion of the LHPs within a period of 12 months, the 'Technograhis' will get regular updates from the sites for information dissemination.

Purnagiri temple is situated on the right bank of the which of the following river?
  • a)
    Krishna
  • b)
    Satluj
  • c)
    Ravi
  • d)
    Kali
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Naroj Boda answered
Railway Minister flagged off Tanakpur (Uttarakhand)-Delhi Junction Special train. The train will connect Tanakpur with the national capital and bring socio-economic development in the region while pilgrims visiting Purnagiri temple will be benefitted with improved connectivity.
  • On the Annapurna range, the temple of Shri Purnagiri organises the Purnagiri Mela in Uttarakhand on Navratri.
  • The temple is situated at a distance of 20 kilometer from Tanakpur, on the right bank of the river Kali in the district of Champawat in Uttarakhand.
  • On the Annapurna range, the temple of Shri Purnagiri organises the Purnagiri Mela in Uttarakhand on Navratri. These ranges offer exceptional scenic beauty. The temple is situated at a distance of 20 kilometer from Tanakpur, on the right bank of the river Kali in the district of Champawat.
  • Purnagiri Devi temple is one of the 108 Siddha Peeths.

With reference to the Light Utility Helicopter (LUH), consider the following statements:
1. The LUH is a three-ton class new generation single-engine helicopter indigenously designed and developed by Rotary Wing Research and Design Centre of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).
2. The LUH will replace the ageing fleet of Cheetah/Chetak helicopters operated by the Services.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only        
  • b)
    2 only        
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2        
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Poonam Reddy answered
The Light Utility Helicopter (LUH) received the Initial Operational Clearance (IOC) for the Indian Army from Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC).
  • The LUH is a three-ton class new generation single-engine helicopter indigenously designed and developed by Rotary Wing Research and Design Centre of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) with features suitable for operations in the diverse operating conditions unique to India.
  • The LUH will replace the ageing fleet of Cheetah/Chetak helicopters operated by the Services.
  • The LUH is powered by a single turboshaft engine Ardiden 1U from M/s. Safran Helicopter Engine (SHE), France with adequate power margins to accomplish high altitude missions in the Himalayas with ease.
  • LUH is equipped with Smart Cockpit Display System (Glass Cockpit), state-of-the-art HUMS (Health & Usage Monitoring System) and is designed for various utility and armed roles.
     

The Central Employment Guarantee Council has been constituted under which of the following act?
  • a)
    Minimum Wages Act, 1948
  • b)
    Factories Act, 1948
  • c)
    Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (Mahatma Gandhi NREGA), 2005
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Khanna answered
The 22nd Meeting of the Central Employment Guarantee Council was held on 23.02.2021 under the Chairmanship of Union Minister of Rural Development.
  • The Central Employment Guarantee Council has been constituted under Section 10 of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (Mahatma Gandhi NREGA), 2005.
  • In this current financial year 2020-21 under the shadow of COVID-19 pandemic, Mahatma Gandhi NREGS has played its critical role in providing wage employment to the wage seekers.
  • A total of 344 crore person-days employment has been generated so far, which is the highest ever person-days generated so far and around 44% higher than that of last year during the same period.
  • 1.69 crore new job cards were issued this year as compared to usual about 69 lacs in previous years reflecting the succor it provided to the migrant workers going back to their villages.

 With reference to the drones for agriculture, consider the following statements:
1. The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare has granted a conditional exemption for the use of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) to the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) and the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) (MoAFW).
2. The exemption shall be valid for one year from the date of issue of the permission letter or until the Digital Sky Platform has been operationalized, whichever is earlier.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only        
  • b)
    2 only        
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2        
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
The Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) and Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has granted a conditional exemption for Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) usage to the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (MoAFW).
  • The permission allows drone deployment by the MoAFW for remote sensing data collection in agricultural areas of 100 districts of the country, for Gram Panchayat level yield estimation, under Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY).
  • The exemption shall be valid from the one year from the date of issue of the permission letter or until the operationalisation of the Digital Sky Platform, whichever is earlier.
  • However, this exemption shall be valid only if all conditions and limitations are strictly adhered to.
  • In case of violation of any condition, this exemption shall become null & void and action may be initiated as per Para 18 of the above-mentioned CAR.

The 17th-century Persian language text Mirat-i-Masudi, written by:
  • a)
    Nizami Ganjavi
  • b)
    Abdur Rahman Chishti
  • c)
    Saadi Shirazi
  • d)
    Omar Khayyam
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rhea Reddy answered
Prime Minister Modi will lay the foundation stone of Maharaja Suheldev Memorial on 16th February 2021.
  • The event in Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh marks the birth anniversary of Maharaja Suheldev.
  • Suhaldev or Suheldev was an Indian king from Shravasti, popularly known to have defeated and killed the Ghaznavid general Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud at Bahraich in 1034 CE.
  • He is mentioned in the 17th-century Persian-language historical romance Mirat-i-Masudi written by Abd-ur-Rahman Chishti during the reign of the Mughal emperor Jahangir.
  • Since the 20th century, various Hindu nationalist groups have characterized him as a Hindu King who defeated a Muslim invader.

With reference to the Industrial Parks, consider the following statements:
1. Industrial Park Scheme-2002, applicable to any undertaking which develops, operates or maintains an Industrial Park for the period beginning on 1 April 1997 and ending on 31 March 2006, respectively.
2. The establishment of industrial parks and industries in different States is the responsibility of the State Government in question.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?   
  • a)
    1 only        
  • b)
    2 only        
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2        
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Khanna answered
Ministry of Commerce and Industry informed Rajya Sabha about Industrial parks and industries in the country.
  • Industrial Park Scheme-2002, applicable for any undertaking which develops and operates, or, maintains and operates, an Industrial Park for the period beginning 1st day of April, 1997 and ending 31st day of March, 2006, was notified by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade on 1st April, 2002.
  • Data on Industrial Parks that have been established and functional in different States of the country during the last three years is not centrally maintained.
  • During the last three years, Department for Promotion of Industry & InternalTrade has accorded final approval for setting up one National Investment & Manufacturing Zone (NIMZ), namely Hyderabad Pharma City NIMZ Rangareddy district of Telangana.
  • Setting up of Industrial Park and Industries in different States comes under the purview of the concerned State Government itself.
  • However, Central Government provides support to the States through its scheme/programmes, once the proposal to develop the parks/clusters/industries in a particular region is received from the concerned State Government.

With reference to the glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), consider the following statements:
1. A GLOF refers to the flooding that occurs when the water dammed by a glacier or a moraine is released suddenly.
2. Unlike earthen dams, the moraine dam's weak structure leads to the abrupt failure of the dam on top of the glacial lake, which holds large volume of water.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?      
  • a)
    1 only        
  • b)
    2 only        
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2        
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
A glacier break is suspected to have caused the flash floods in Uttarakhand’s Chamoli.
  • When glaciers melt, the water in glacial lakes accumulates behind loose, natural “glacial/moraine dams” made of ice, sand, pebbles and ice residue.
  • A GLOF refers to the flooding that occurs when the water dammed by a glacier or a moraine is released suddenly.
  • Unlike earthen dams, the weak structure of the moraine dam leads to the abrupt failure of the dam on top of the glacial lake, which holds a large volume of water.
  • A failure of the dam has the potential of releasing millions of cubic metres of water in a short period, causing catastrophic flooding downstream.
Reasons
  • Glacial retreat due to climate change occurring in most parts of the Hindu Kush Himalaya has given rise to the formation of numerous new glacial lakes, which are the major cause of GLOFs.
  • An “Inventory and Monitoring of Glacial Lakes / Water Bodies in the Himalayan Region of Indian River Basins” found that there are 352, 283 and 1,393 glacial lakes and water bodies in the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra basins respectively.
Recommendation
  • NDMA has recommended the use of Synthetic-Aperture Radar imagery to automatically detect changes in water bodies, including new lake formations, during the monsoon months.

With reference to the Major Port Authorities Bill, 2020, consider the following statements:
1. The new Bill has proposed a simplified composition of the Board of Port Authority which will comprise of 11 to 13 Members from the present 17 to 19 Members representing various interests.
2. Port Authority has now been given powers to fix tariffs, which will act as a reference tariff for bidding for PPP projects.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

EduRev UPSC answered
Parliament passed the Major Port Authorities Bill, 2020. Now the Bill will go to the President of India for his assent.
  • The Bill is more compact in comparison to the Major Port Trusts Act, 1963 as the number of sections has been reduced to 76 from 134 by eliminating overlapping and obsolete Sections.
  • The new Bill has proposed a simplified composition of the Board of Port Authority which will comprise of 11 to 13 Members from the present 17 to 19 Members representing various interests.
  • The role of the Tariff Authority for Major Ports (TAMP) has been redefined. Port Authority has now been given powers to fix tariff which will act as a reference tariff for purposes of bidding for PPP projects. PPP operators will be free to fix tariff- based on market conditions.
  • The Board of Port Authority has been delegated the power to fix the scale of rates for other port services and assets including land.
  • An Adjudicatory Board has been proposed to be created to carry out the residual function of the erstwhile TAMP for Major Ports, to look into disputes between ports and PPP concessionaires
  • The Boards of Port Authority have been delegated full powers to enter into contracts, planning and development, fixing of tariff except in national interest, security and emergency arising out of inaction and default. In the present MPT Act, 1963 prior approval of the Central Government was required in 22 instances.
  • The Board of each Major Port shall be entitled to create a specific master plan in respect of any development or infrastructure.
  • Provisions of CSR & development of infrastructure by Port Authority have been introduced.
  • Provision has been made for safeguarding the pay & allowances and service conditions including pensionary benefits of the employees of major ports

Manama is the capital city of which of the following country?        
  • a)
    Qatar        
  • b)
    Saudi Arabia        
  • c)
    Oman        
  • d)
    Bahrain
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
The 1st meeting of the Joint Working Group in the field of Renewable Energy between India and the Kingdom of Bahrain was held in a virtual format.
  • An MoU between India and Bahrain was signed in 2018 for promoting bilateral cooperation in the field of Renewable Energy.
  • Both sides agreed to forge deeper engagement in capacity building and focused cooperation between concerned agencies as well as the private sector of the two countries in this sector, particularly in the field of solar, wind and clean hydrogen.
  • Bahrain is a sovereign state in the Persian Gulf.
  • The island nation comprises a small archipelago made up of 40 natural islands and an additional 51 artificial islands, centred around Bahrain Island which makes up around 83 per cent of the country's landmass.
  • The country is situated between the Qatari peninsula and the northeastern coast of Saudi Arabia, to which it is connected by the 25-kilometre King Fahd Causeway.
  • The capital and largest city are Manama.
     

With reference to the E-Daakhil portal, consider the following statements:
1. E-filing was launched by National Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission (NCDRC) in 2020.
2. Delhi was the first state to implement it.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohit Jain answered
E-Daakhil portal for Consumer grievance redressal is now operational in 15 States/UTs. Department of Consumer Affairs is now proactively following up with the states to launch e-filing portal at their ends.
  • E-filing was launched by National Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission (NCDRC) on 7th September, 2020. Delhi was the first state to implement it on 8th September, 2020.
  • The Consumer Protection Act, 2019, which has come into force from 20th July, 2020, has provision for e-filing of consumer complaints in the Consumer Commissions and online payment of the fees for filing a complaint.
  • A web application for E-filing of consumer complaints named “edaakhil.nic.in” has been developed by NIC for the purpose.
  • This digital software for filing consumer complaints has the many features like e-Notice, case document download link & VC hearing link, filing written response by opposite party, fling rejoinder by complainant and alerts via SMS/Email.

Which of the following became the first state or Union Territory in India to launch Carbon Watch, a mobile application to assess the carbon footprint of an individual?
  • a)
    Chandigarh
  • b)
    Ladakh
  • c)
    Delhi
  • d)
    Sikkim
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
Chandigarh became the first state or Union Territory in India to launch Carbon Watch, a mobile application to assess the carbon footprint of an individual.
  • Although the app can be accessed by everyone, it has specific options for the residents of Chandigarh to compile a detailed study.
  • The application can be downloaded through a QR code in Android supported smart cell phones.
  • As a person downloads the application, they will need to fill details in four parts- Water, Energy, Waste Generation and Transport (Vehicular movement).
  • With the mentioned information, the mobile application will automatically calculate the carbon footprint of the individual. The application will also provide information such as the national and world average of the emission, and the individual’s level of emission generation.
  • The mobile application will suggest methods to reduce carbon footprints. The application will suggest ways as per the information furnished by the individuals.
  • Carbon footprint is the amount of greenhouse gases-especially carbon dioxide-released into the atmosphere by particular human activity.

With reference to the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Pharmaceuticals, consider the following statements:
1. The Scheme is expected to bring in an investment of Rs. 35,000 crore in the pharmaceutical sector.
2. The scheme will be part of the umbrella scheme for the Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vinod Mehta answered
The Union Cabinet has approved the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Pharmaceuticals over a period of Financial Year 2020-21 to 2028-29.
  • Total incremental sales of Rs.2,94,000 crore and total incremental exports of Rs.1,96,000 crore are estimated during six years from 2022-23 to 2027-28.
  • The Scheme is also expected to bring in investment of Rs.15,000 crore in the pharmaceutical sector.
  • The scheme will be part of the umbrella scheme for the Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry.
  • The objective of the scheme is to enhance India's manufacturing capabilities by increasing investment and production in the sector and contributing to product diversification to high-value goods in the pharmaceutical sector.
  • Target Groups: The manufacturers of pharmaceutical goods registered in India will be grouped based on their Global Manufacturing Revenue (GMR) to ensure wider applicability of the scheme across the pharmaceutical industry and at the same time meet the objectives of the scheme.
  • Quantum of Incentive: The total quantum of incentive (inclusive of administrative expenditure) under the scheme is about Rs 15,000 crore.
Category of Goods:
The scheme shall cover pharmaceutical goods under three categories as mentioned below:
  • Category 1: Biopharmaceuticals; Complex generic drugs; Patented drugs or drugs nearing patent expiry; Cell-based or gene therapy drugs; Orphan drugs; Special empty capsules like HPMC, Pullulan, enteric etc.; Complex excipients; Phyto-pharmaceuticals: Other drugs as approved.
  • Category 2: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients / Key Starting Materials / Drug Intermediates.
  • Category 3: Drugs not covered under Category 1 and Category 2.

Recently, the electrification of Shinnyu village was completed using solar power. It is located in:
  • a)
    Nagaland
  • b)
    Assam
  • c)
    Mizoram
  • d)
    Tripura
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Khanna answered
Mon District Administration in collaboration with Global Himalayan Expedition (GHE) completed the electrification of Shinnyu village under Mon district in Nagaland using solar power.
  • A total of 60 households, Churches and community hall was electrified using solar power. The entire cost for the project stood at Rs. 23 Lacs was borne through CSR funding and executed by the GHE.
  • Global Himalayan Expedition (GHE) works towards providing clean energy access through solar power to remote communities and has also won the United Nation Global Climate Action Award 2020.
  • Shinnyu was set up in 1977 and recognised by the State government in 2002 but it has virtually remained cut off in the absence of proper road infrastructure. The Power Department tried to electrify the village in 2013-14 but the project was abandoned due to logistical problems.

What is Sagarika, recently seen in the news?
  • a)
    It is the country's first full-fledged international cruise terminal.
  • b)
    A human atlas initiative.
  • c)
    Genetically modified rice variety.
  • d)
    None of the above.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Goel UPSC Coaching Center answered
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated and laid the foundation stone of various projects in Kochi, Kerala.
  • The inauguration of Sagarika, the International Cruise Terminal in Kochi will cater to over lakh cruise guests. It is the country's first full-fledged international cruise terminal.
  • He also inaugurated the Marine Engineering Training Institute of Cochin Shipyard Ltd. Vigyan Sagar, the new knowledge campus of Cochin Shipyard would particularly help those wanting to study marine engineering.
  • South Coal Berth would bring down logistics costs and improve cargo capacities.
  • Propylene Derivative Petrochemical Project (PDPP) will help strengthen India’s journey towards being Aatmanirbhar as it will save foreign exchange.
  • With Ro-Ro Vessels, a distance of almost thirty kilometres on road will become 3.5 kilometres through waterways leading to less congestion and more convenience, commerce and capacity-building.

With reference to the UN Human Rights Council, consider the following statements:
1. The Human Rights Council is an inter-governmental body within the United Nations system.
2. It was founded in 2014.
3. The Council is made of 47 Member States, which the UN General Assembly elects.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?   
  • a)
    1 only        
  • b)
    1 and 3 only        
  • c)
    2 and 3 only        
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Divey Sethi answered
The U.S. announced plans to reengage with the much-maligned UN Human Rights Council that former President Donald Trump withdrew from almost three years ago.
  • The Human Rights Council is an inter-governmental body within the United Nations system.
  • Location: It meets at the UN Office at Geneva.
  • Establishment: It was founded in 2006. It replaced the former United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) that had been strongly criticised for allowing countries with poor human rights records to be members.
Functions:
  • It investigates allegations of breaches of human rights in UN member states.
  • It also addresses important thematic human rights issues such as freedom of expression, women's rights, LGBT rights, and racial and ethnic minorities' rights.
  • The UNHRC works closely with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).
Membership:
  • The Council is made of 47 Member States, which the UN General Assembly elects. The Council's Membership is based on equitable geographical distribution.
  • Members of the Council serve for a period of three years and are not eligible for immediate re-election after serving two consecutive terms.
  • India has been elected to the UNHRC for a period of three years beginning January 1, 2019. India had previously been elected to the UNHRC for the 2011-2014 and 2014-2017 terms.

With reference to the National e-Vidhan project, consider the following statements:
1. e-Vidhan is a Mission Mode Project (MMP) included in Digital India Programme.
2. For its implementation in all States/UTs with Legislatures, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology is the 'Nodal Ministry.'
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjali Gupta answered
E-Vidhan is a Mission Mode Project (MMP) included in the Digital India Programme. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology is the 'Nodal Ministry' responsible for its implementation in all States/UTs with Legislatures. Therefore, both statements are correct.

Explanation:
1. e-Vidhan is a Mission Mode Project (MMP) included in the Digital India Programme: The Digital India Programme was launched by the Government of India with the aim of transforming India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. It focuses on providing digital infrastructure, delivering government services digitally, and promoting digital literacy and digital empowerment of citizens. The e-Vidhan project is one of the Mission Mode Projects under the Digital India Programme. The e-Vidhan project aims to digitize the legislative processes of the state legislatures and make them paperless. It includes digitization of various activities such as drafting of legislation, committee proceedings, and assembly proceedings.

2. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology is the 'Nodal Ministry': The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) is the nodal ministry responsible for the implementation of the e-Vidhan project in all States/UTs with Legislatures. MeitY is the central government ministry that formulates policies and programs for the development and promotion of electronics, IT, and the IT-enabled services sector in India. As the nodal ministry for the e-Vidhan project, MeitY provides the necessary guidance, support, and coordination for the implementation of the project across the country.

In conclusion, both statements are correct. The e-Vidhan project is a Mission Mode Project included in the Digital India Programme, and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology is the nodal ministry responsible for its implementation in all States/UTs with Legislatures.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) recently appointed who the acting chief of staff is?
  • a)
    Bhavya Lal
  • b)
    Anita Sengupta
  • c)
    Ashwin Vasavada
  • d)
    Kamlesh Lulla
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
NASA appointed Indian-American Bhavya Lal as its acting chief of staff.
  • As the acting chief of staff, Lal will be responsible for the day-to-day operations at NASA’s headquarters and will work towards shaping the space agency's strategic direction.
  • Previously, as the senior White House appointee at NASA, Lal served as a member of the Biden Presidential Transition Agency Review Team for the agency and oversaw the agency’s transition under the administration of President Joe Biden.
  • The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and space research.

Which of the following has been renamed from Sardar Patel Stadium to Narendra Modi Stadium?
  • a)
    Motera cricket stadium
  • b)
    Wankhede stadium
  • c)
    Eden Gardens stadium
  • d)
    Feroz Shah Kotla stadium
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Alok Verma answered
Motera cricket stadium, the world's largest cricket stadium, has been renamed from Sardar Patel Stadium to Narendra Modi Stadium.
  • Motera Stadium, is a cricket stadium in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
  • India's Test against England is the first match at the brand new Motera, the name of the place after it was refurbished and converted into a 110,000-seater facility, making it the biggest cricket ground in the world in terms of capacity.
  • Naming it after a politician was in line with a decades-old practice in Indian sport, especially cricket.
  • Mumbai's Brabourne and Wankhede Stadiums were named after individuals who were alive at the time. The same is the case with Navi Mumbai's D Y Patil Stadium, Bengaluru's M Chinnaswamy Stadium, and Chennai's M A Chidambaram Stadium.
  • Mohali's PCA Stadium was renamed after former BCCI and Punjab Cricket Association president I S Bindra in 2015.
  • The Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium in New Delhi was renamed Arun Jaitley Stadium in 2019.

Which of the following are the benefits of converting the Tractor to CNG for a farmer?
1. Overall emissions are reduced by 70% as compared to Diesel.
2. Save up to 50% on the fuel cost.
3. Less power in comparison to Diesel-run engine.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    1 and 2 only
  • c)
    2 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ankit Roy answered
Benefits of Converting Tractors to CNG
Converting a tractor from diesel to compressed natural gas (CNG) offers several advantages for farmers, making it an appealing option for agricultural operations.
1. Reduced Emissions
- Overall emissions are reduced by 70%: CNG is a cleaner fuel compared to diesel. When a tractor operates on CNG, it emits significantly fewer harmful pollutants, contributing to better air quality and a healthier environment. This reduction in emissions is a major selling point for switching to CNG.
2. Cost Savings on Fuel
- Save up to 50% on fuel costs: One of the most compelling reasons for converting to CNG is the potential for reduced fuel expenses. CNG is generally cheaper than diesel, and farmers can experience substantial savings over time, allowing for better budget management in their farming operations.
3. Power Comparison
- Less power in comparison to Diesel-run engines: This statement is true; however, it is a disadvantage rather than a benefit. CNG engines can sometimes provide less power than their diesel counterparts, which may affect performance, especially in heavy-duty applications.
Conclusion
Given this analysis:
- Statement 1 is a benefit as it highlights reduced emissions.
- Statement 2 is also a benefit due to the significant savings on fuel costs.
- Statement 3, while true, is a disadvantage and should not be included in the benefits.
Thus, the correct answer is b) 1 and 2 only. This choice accurately reflects the positive aspects of converting tractors to CNG while excluding the drawback related to power.

With reference to the Mandarin duck, consider the following statements:
1. It is a “small-exotic looking bird” native to East Asia.
2. Its IUCN Status is Endangered.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rhea Reddy answered
Floating in the Maguri-Motapung beel (or wetland) in Assam’s Tinsukia district for over a week is the spectacular and rare Mandarin duck. First spotted on February 8 by Madhab Gogoi, the duck has since become the star of the wetland.
  • Considered the most beautiful duck in the world, the Mandarin duck, or the (Aix galericulata) was first identified by Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.
  • It is a “small-exotic looking bird” native to East Asia.
  • The migratory duck breeds in Russia, Korea, Japan and northeastern parts of China, explained Gogoi. It now has established populations in Western Europe and America too.
  • The duck, however, rarely visits India as it does not fall in its usual migratory route.
  • Its IUCN Status is Least Concern.
  • While the duck is not a globally threatened species, spotting one is always considered significant because they only make “rare appearances.”
  • The Maguri Motapung wetland — an Important Bird Area as declared by the Bombay Natural History Society — is located close to the Dibru Saikhowa National Park in Upper Assam.
  • In May 2020, the beel was adversely affected by a blowout and fire at an Oil India Limited-owned gas well.

With reference to the Union Budget 2021-22, consider the following statements:
1. As an umbrella body with 4 separate vehicles for standard-setting, accreditation, regulation and funding, the Higher Education Commission of India is proposed to be set up. 
2. The establishment of a Central University in Leh for affordable higher education in Ladakh is also proposed.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Khanna answered
Union Budget 2021-22 proposes Qualitative Strengthening of 15,000 Schools to include all National Education Policy components.
- Also, 100 new Sainik Schools will be set up in partnership with NGOs/private schools/states.
- It is proposed to set up a Higher Education Commission of India as an umbrella body having 4 separate vehicles for standard-setting, accreditation, regulation, and funding.
- It is also proposed to set up a Central University in Leh for accessible higher education in Ladakh.

With reference to the Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO) project, consider the following statements:
1. It is a single telescope project.
2. India is not a participant in this project.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only        
  • b)
    2 only        
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2        
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajiv Reddy answered
Global collaboration for the world’s largest radio telescope took formal shape with the constitution of an Intergovernmental Council.
  • The Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO) project, spanning two continents and involving the participation of 20 countries, is expected to be ready for carrying out observations towards the end of this decade.
  • Its goals are: studying the universe and its evolution, the origin and evolution of cosmic magnetism, and dark energy and evolution of galaxies.
  • It is proposed to be built in two phases, with an estimated 1.8 billion euros required for phase-I, planned over the next ten years.
  • Headquartered and controlled from the UK, the SKA is not a single telescope but will be an array of antennas strategically designed and set up in South Africa and Australia.
  • The telescope in South Africa will have 197 dishes, every 15 metres in diameter, and will be located in the Karoo region.
  • The telescope in Australia will have 1,31,072 antennas, each measuring 2 m high. They will be installed on the campus of the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory operated by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation.
  • India is also participating in SKAO through the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST).
     

Joshimath, recently seen in the news, is located in which of the following state?
  • a)
    Himachal Pradesh
  • b)
    Uttarakhand
  • c)
    Sikkim
  • d)
    Nagaland
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
Glacier breaks off at Joshimath in Uttarakhand's Chamoli district on 7 February 2021, causing flash flood in Dhauliganga River, devastating the Dhauliganga Dam and endangering people.
  • Joshimath is also known as Jyotirmath.
  • It is a city and a municipal board in Chamoli District in Uttarakhand.
  • Located at a height of 6150 feet, it is a gateway to several Himalayan mountain climbing expeditions, trekking trails and pilgrim centres like Badrinath.
  • Jyotirmath is the uttarāmnāya matha, or northern monastery, one of the four cardinal institutions established by Adi Shankara, the others being those at Shringeri, Puri and Dwarka.

About the Leatherback sea turtle, consider the following statements:
1. It is largest of the seven species of sea turtles on the planet.
2. They are listed in Schedule II of India’s Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
Proposals for tourism and port development in the Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) Islands have conservationists worried over the fate of some of the most important nesting populations of the Giant Leatherback turtle in this part of the Indian Ocean.
  • Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) is largest of the seven species of sea turtles on the planet and also the most long-ranging, being found in all oceans except the Arctic and the Antarctic.
  • Within the Indian Ocean, they nest only in Indonesia, Sri Lanka and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
  • It is the only living species in the genus Dermochelys and family Dermochelyidae.
  • It can easily be differentiated from other modern sea turtles by its lack of a bony shell, hence the name. Instead, its carapace is covered by skin and oily flesh.
  • They are listed in Schedule I of India’s Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, according it the highest legal protection.
Budget 2021:
  • The A&N Islands are prominent in the National Marine Turtle Action Plan released on February 1, 2021, by the Ministry of Environment.
  • The plan notes that “India has identified all its important sea turtle nesting habitats as ‘Important Coastal and Marine Biodiversity Areas’ and included them in the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) – 1”.
  • South Bay and West Bay on Little Andaman and Galathea on Great Nicobar, along with other nesting beaches in the islands, find a specific mention here as “Important Marine Turtle Habitats in India” and the largest Leatherback nesting grounds in India.
  • There is concern that at least three key nesting beaches — two on Little Andaman Island and one on Great Nicobar Island — are under threat due to mega “development” plans announced in recent months.
  • These include NITI Aayog’s ambitious tourism vision for Little Andaman and the proposal for a mega-shipment port at Galathea Bay on Great Nicobar Island.
  • The Little Andaman plan, which proposes phased growth of tourism on this virtually untouched island, has sought the de-reservation of over 200 sq km of pristine rainforest and also of about 140 sq km of the Onge Tribal Reserve.

Dr JB Ekka committee, recently seen in the news, is related to:
  • a)
    equal wages of small tea workers.
  • b)
    rebalancing defence expenditure.
  • c)
    national security
  • d)
    food labelling standards
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Reddy answered
The Assam government announced that the wage of tea garden workers will be increased from Rs 167 to Rs 217 per day. Although the tea garden managements pay the wages, the government fixes it.
  • Moreover, for equal wages of small tea workers, a one-man committee under Principal Secretary Dr JB Ekka will be formed.
  • Coming ahead of the state elections, the announcement is important because the tea tribe community — comprising 17% of the state’s population — is a deciding factor in almost 40 Assam Assembly seats out of the 126.
  • The community is spread over in 800 tea gardens plus several unorganised small gardens of Assam. It is marked by exploitation, economic backwardness, poor health conditions and low literacy rates.
  • Last Sunday, Congress leader Rahul Gandhi said in a rally in the state that the party will ensure a Rs 365 per day wage to tea garden workers of Assam if elected to power.
  • In the Union Budget presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on February 1, Rs 1,000 crore was announced for the welfare of tea workers in Assam and West Bengal.

Regarding the Rashtriya Yuva Sashaktikaran Karyakram, consider the following statements:
1. It is a Central Sector Scheme.
2. The budget allocation of the scheme RYSK for the year 2020-21 is Rs.10000 Crores.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only                       
  • b)
    2 only                       
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2                       
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Nidhi Pillai answered
Explanation:

Statement 1:
The statement is correct. Rashtriya Yuva Sashaktikaran Karyakram (RYSK) is indeed a Central Sector Scheme, which means that the funding and implementation of the scheme are entirely borne by the central government.

Statement 2:
The statement is incorrect. The budget allocation of the scheme RYSK for the year 2020-21 is not Rs. 10000 Crores. The actual budget allocation may vary each year based on the government's priorities and financial resources available.
In conclusion, only statement 1 is correct, as RYSK is a Central Sector Scheme. The budget allocation mentioned in statement 2 is not accurate and may change from year to year.

Jamtara, often mentioned in news, is located in:        
  • a)
    Uttar Pradesh        
  • b)
    Bihar        
  • c)
    Gujarat        
  • d)
    Jharkhand
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Sagar Chakraborty answered
Location of Jamtara
Jamtara is located in the state of Jharkhand, India.

Reasons for being in the news
Jamtara has been in the news due to its association with cybercrime activities, particularly in the realm of online phishing scams. It has gained notoriety as a hub for cybercriminals who engage in fraudulent activities to steal money from unsuspecting victims.

Geographical significance
Jamtara is situated in the eastern part of India, in the state of Jharkhand. It is known for its dense forests, scenic landscapes, and rich cultural heritage. The region is predominantly rural, with agriculture being a major source of livelihood for the local population.

Socio-economic factors
The prevalence of cybercrime in Jamtara can be attributed to various socio-economic factors such as poverty, lack of employment opportunities, and low levels of education. These factors have contributed to the rise of cybercriminal activities in the region, as individuals seek alternative means to earn money.

Government response
In response to the increasing incidents of cybercrime in Jamtara, the government has taken steps to crack down on such illegal activities. Law enforcement agencies have been working to identify and apprehend cybercriminals operating in the region, in order to curb the spread of online fraud.
By understanding the location, reasons for being in the news, geographical significance, socio-economic factors, and government response related to Jamtara, one can gain a comprehensive overview of the situation in this region.

Kotia cluster, recently seen in news, is a dispute between Andhra Pradesh and which of the following state?
  • a)
    Kerala
  • b)
    Tamil Nadu
  • c)
    Telangana 
  • d)
    Odisha
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
Andhra Pradesh held panchayat elections in three villages in the Kotia cluster, which is at the centre of a dispute between Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. This is the first time Andhra has held panchayat polls in any of these villages.
  • With a population of nearly 5,000, these villages are located on a remote hilltop on the inter-state border and are inhabited by Kondh tribals.
  • The region is also rich in mineral resources like gold, platinum, manganese, bauxite, graphite and limestone.
  • In the early 1980s, Odisha filed a case in the Supreme Court demanding right and possession of jurisdiction over the 21 villages.
  • In 2006 however, the court ruled that since disputes belonging to the state boundaries are not within the Supreme Court's jurisdiction, the matter can only be resolved by Parliament and passed a permanent injunction on the disputed area.

Recently seen in the news, ICAR-National Research Centre (NRC) for Makhana is located in:
  • a)
    Darbhanga        
  • b)
    Shillong        
  • c)
    Guwahati        
  • d)
    Shimla
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anaya Patel answered
Union Minister of Agriculture informed Lok Sabha about National Research Centre for Makhana.
  • ICAR-National Research Centre (NRC) for Makhana, Darbhanga (Bihar) was sanctioned by the Department of Agricultural Research & Education, Govt. of India, as a new scheme during the IX Five Year Plan period (1997–2002) for Conservation, Research & Development of the Makhana crop.
  • However, during Xth plan period (2002-2007), the NRC for Makhana was merged and brought under the administrative control of ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region (RCER), Patna, without changing the mandate.
  • Darbhanga in particular and Mithila, in general, is a major Makhana producing region in the country.

Concerning the Pre and Post Matric Scholarship Schemes, consider the following statements:
1. Post-Matric Scholarship for Scheduled Castes (SC) students was discontinued from 2020 onwards.
2. The OBC Pre-Matric Scholarship has been increased from Rs.1.00 lakh per annum to Rs. 2.50lakh.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?       
  • a)
    1 only        
  • b)
    2 only        
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2        
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
Department of Social Justice & Empowerment informed Lok Sabha about the Modifications in Pre and Post Matric Scholarship Schemes.
The scheme-wise important changes introduced are as follows:
  1. Pre-Matric Scholarship for SC students:
    • Under the scheme's funding pattern was revised from the concept of committed liability to a fixed sharing pattern of 60:40 between Centre and the States (90:10 in case of North Eastern States) or Notional Allocation whichever is lower.
    • The Annual Family Income limit was increased from Rs. 2.00 lakh to Rs 2.5 lakh in 2018 and rates of maintenance allowances were also increased.
  2. Post-Matric Scholarship for Scheduled Castes (SC) students: During the year 2020-21, the Union Cabinet has approved the revision and continuation of the scheme from the year 2020-21 to 2025-26 which includes, inter-alia, revision of funding pattern to a sharing ratio of 60:40 between the Centre and the States (90:10 in case of NE States)
  3. Pre-Matric Scholarship for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and Post Matric Scholarship for OBCs: The income limit has been changed under Pre Matric Scholarship of OBC and Post Matric Scholarship for OBCs as per details given below:
    • Pre-Matric Scholarship for OBC: increased from Rs.1.00 lakh to Rs. 2.50lakh per annum.
    • Post Matric Scholarship for OBC: increased from Rs.1.50 lakh to Rs.2.50lakh per annum.

Concerning the conspiracy, consider the following statements:
1. Section 120A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) defines criminal conspiracy.
2. Section 120B prescribes the punishment for it.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Wizius Careers answered
In granting bail to 22-year-old climate change activist Disha Ravi on Tuesday, the trial court in Delhi rejected the Delhi Police charge that she was part of a "larger conspiracy" to incite violence in the national capital on January 26.
  • Section 120A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) defines criminal conspiracy; Section 120B prescribes the punishment for it.
  • An "agreement" between two or more persons to commit a criminal offence constitutes the offence of criminal conspiracy.
  • Only an agreement is necessary and sufficient to establish the charge of conspiracy, even if the actual criminal offence itself has not been committed. Criminal conspiracy is a substantive offence in itself.
  • The law in its current form was added in 1913, nearly four decades after the IPC was first enacted. The provision was designed by the British to deal with the rising nationalist sentiment in India.

With reference to the National Urban Digital Mission (NUDM), consider the following statements:
1. It has been launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs along with the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
2. It will create a shared digital infrastructure for urban India, working across the three pillars of people, process, and platform to provide holistic support to cities and towns.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Zara Khan answered
The National Urban Digital Mission (NUDM) has been launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs along with the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
  • The National Urban Digital Mission (NUDM) will create a shared digital infrastructure for urban India, working across the three pillars of people, process, and platform to provide holistic support to cities and towns.
  • It will institutionalise a citizen-centric and ecosystem-driven approach to urban governance and service delivery in 2022 cities 2022, and across all cities and towns in India by 2024.
  • NUDM has articulated a set of governing principles and inherits the technology design principles of the National Urban Innovation Stack (NUIS), whose strategy and approach was released by MoHUA in February 2019.
  • The principles in turn give rise to standards, specifications, and certifications, across the three pillars of people, process, and platforms.

Chapter doubts & questions for Daily Current Affairs MCQs - Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis 2021 2025 is part of UPSC CSE exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the UPSC CSE exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for UPSC CSE 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.

Chapter doubts & questions of Daily Current Affairs MCQs - Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis 2021 in English & Hindi are available as part of UPSC CSE exam. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for UPSC CSE Exam by signing up for free.

Top Courses UPSC CSE

Related UPSC CSE Content

Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days!

Study with 1000+ FREE Docs, Videos & Tests
10M+ students study on EduRev
© EduRev
Education Revolution
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days!
Access 1000+ FREE Docs, Videos and Tests
Takes less than 10 seconds to signup