All questions of Daily Current Affairs MCQs for UPSC CSE Exam

And Kashmir, and Uttarakhand, the mission aims to provide tap water connections to all rural households by 2024.
2. The mission is implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development.
3. The mission aims to provide functional household tap connections to every rural household in India.

Which of the statements are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

The correct answer is:
A. 1 only

Correct answer: B) 2 only
Explanation:

Jal Jeevan Mission (Urban)
- Jal Jeevan Mission (Urban) is an initiative under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, not the Ministry of Jal Shakti.
- The mission aims to provide universal coverage of water supply to all households through functional taps in all statutory towns across the country.
Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect as the initiative is not under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, while statement 2 is correct as it accurately reflects the objective of the Jal Jeevan Mission (Urban).

Previous conversation, I would like to discuss the following points further:

1. Clarification on the timeline for project completion and any potential delays that may impact the deadline.
2. Budget allocation and any potential adjustments that may be required based on new information or changes in scope.
3. Roles and responsibilities of team members and any necessary adjustments to ensure a smooth workflow.
4. Communication plan to ensure all stakeholders are kept informed and involved in the project progress.
5. Risk management strategies and contingency plans in place to address any unforeseen challenges that may arise during the project implementation.

I believe addressing these points will help us stay on track and ensure successful completion of the project. Let me know if you have any additional concerns or suggestions to discuss.

Explanation:
Statement 1:
Disinvestment refers to the sale of shares of public sector enterprises by the government to the public or private entities. It can involve selling either minority or majority shares of the public enterprises. Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect as it states that disinvestment only involves selling minority shares.

Statement 2:
Strategic disinvestment refers to the sale of a significant portion of shares (more than 50%) of a public sector entity by the government to a private entity. This is done to transfer control and management of the entity to the private sector. Therefore, statement 2 is also incorrect as it states that strategic disinvestment is only when minority shares are sold.

Conclusion:
Both statement 1 and statement 2 are incorrect as they do not provide accurate definitions of disinvestment and strategic disinvestment. Disinvestment can involve selling both minority and majority shares of public enterprises, while strategic disinvestment specifically refers to the sale of a significant portion of shares to transfer control and management to the private sector. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B', both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Raimona National Park Overview
Raimona National Park is a stunning natural reserve located in the state of Assam, India. Established in 2021, it is part of the larger Bodo Territorial Region and is situated in the Baksa district.

Geographical Significance
- The park is nestled in the Himalayan foothills, characterized by lush greenery and diverse ecosystems.
- It covers an area of approximately 422 square kilometers, making it a significant habitat for a variety of flora and fauna.

Biodiversity
- Raimona National Park is home to several endangered species, including the Assam roofed turtle and the golden langur.
- The park's rich biodiversity includes over 300 species of birds, numerous mammals, reptiles, and a wide array of plant species.

Conservation Efforts
- The establishment of Raimona National Park is a crucial step towards the conservation of wildlife and natural resources in Assam.
- It aims to protect the region's unique ecosystem while promoting sustainable tourism and ecological balance.

Accessibility
- Located near the Bodoland Territorial Region, the park is accessible from major cities in Assam, making it an attractive destination for nature enthusiasts and researchers alike.
- The park offers opportunities for trekking, birdwatching, and exploring the diverse landscapes.
In summary, Raimona National Park stands out as a vital ecological zone in Assam, celebrating the natural heritage of India while fostering conservation and tourism.

INS Sandhayak: Indian Navy's oldest Hydrographic Survey Vessel

Introduction:
INS Sandhayak is the Indian Navy's oldest Hydrographic Survey Vessel. It has been in service for over 40 years and has played a crucial role in mapping the sea beds and collecting data for nautical charts. The vessel is equipped with advanced surveying and mapping equipment, making it an essential asset for the Indian Navy's hydrographic operations.

Hydrographic Surveying:
Hydrographic surveying is the science of measuring and describing the physical features of the navigable portion of the Earth's surface and adjacent coastal areas. It involves collecting data about the depths, tides, currents, and other features of the ocean floor. This information is crucial for safe navigation, maritime security, and the development of coastal infrastructure.

Role and Capabilities of INS Sandhayak:
1. Hydrographic Surveys: INS Sandhayak is primarily involved in conducting hydrographic surveys in Indian waters. It uses advanced sonar systems, echo sounders, and other specialized equipment to map the sea beds accurately. This data is then used to update nautical charts, which are essential for safe navigation.

2. Coastal Mapping: The vessel is also responsible for mapping the coastal areas to identify potential navigational hazards and to ensure the safety of maritime traffic. It collects data on shoreline changes, bathymetry, and other coastal features.

3. Search and Rescue Operations: INS Sandhayak has the capability to assist in search and rescue operations. Its advanced equipment and experienced crew can locate and assist distressed vessels or individuals in distress at sea.

4. Training Platform: The vessel also serves as a training platform for naval officers and sailors in hydrographic surveying techniques. It provides hands-on experience in conducting surveys and analyzing data, thereby enhancing the skills of personnel in this specialized field.

Importance:
The hydrographic surveys conducted by INS Sandhayak are crucial for maintaining the safety of maritime navigation in Indian waters. Accurate and up-to-date nautical charts are essential for commercial shipping, naval operations, and coastal infrastructure development. By ensuring that the sea beds are accurately mapped, the vessel contributes significantly to the overall maritime security and safety of the country.

Conclusion:
INS Sandhayak, as the Indian Navy's oldest Hydrographic Survey Vessel, plays a vital role in mapping the sea beds and collecting data for nautical charts. Its advanced surveying and mapping capabilities, along with its role in search and rescue operations and training, make it an indispensable asset for the Indian Navy. The vessel's contributions are crucial for maintaining safe navigation, maritime security, and the overall development of coastal infrastructure.

Overview of Simhachalam Hill Range
The Simhachalam Hill Range is a prominent geographical feature located in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is known for its biodiversity, scenic beauty, and cultural significance.
Geographical Location
- The Simhachalam Hills are situated near the city of Visakhapatnam.
- This range is part of the Eastern Ghats, a series of low mountain ranges along the eastern coast of India.
Cultural Significance
- The hills are home to the famous Simhachalam temple, dedicated to Lord Narasimha, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu.
- The temple attracts numerous pilgrims and tourists, especially during festivals.
Biodiversity
- The region boasts a rich variety of flora and fauna, making it an important ecological zone.
- It serves as a habitat for various species, some of which are endemic to the area.
Tourism
- The scenic landscapes of the Simhachalam Hill Range are popular among tourists seeking nature and adventure.
- Activities such as trekking and wildlife observation are common attractions.
Conclusion
In summary, the Simhachalam Hill Range is a notable geographical and cultural landmark in Andhra Pradesh, making it a significant location within the region. Its rich biodiversity and historical significance contribute to its popularity as a tourist destination.

Introduction to DARPAN
DARPAN is an initiative aimed at creating a comprehensive platform for voluntary organizations and NGOs that are actively involved in various developmental activities across India.
Key Aspects of DARPAN

• Centralized Platform: DARPAN serves as a centralized repository where NGOs can register and showcase their projects, initiatives, and achievements.
• Collaboration and Networking: The platform facilitates collaboration among NGOs, enabling them to share resources, knowledge, and best practices.
• Transparent Operations: By providing a structured framework, DARPAN enhances transparency and accountability within the NGO sector.
• Government Support: The initiative is backed by the government, promoting recognition and support for NGOs contributing to social welfare.
• Capacity Building: DARPAN also focuses on capacity building for NGOs, offering training and resources to improve their effectiveness.

Importance of the Initiative

• Empowers NGOs: DARPAN empowers NGOs by providing them with visibility and recognition, which can lead to increased funding and support.
• Enhances Impact: By connecting organizations, DARPAN helps amplify their impact on community development and social issues.
• Facilitates Monitoring: The platform allows for better monitoring and evaluation of NGO activities, ensuring that they align with national development goals.

Conclusion
In summary, DARPAN plays a crucial role in improving the operational framework of NGOs in India, thereby enhancing their effectiveness in contributing to socio-economic development.

1. True. Permafrost is defined as any ground that remains at or below 0°C (32°F) for at least two consecutive years.

2. False. Permafrost is not limited to high latitudes around the Arctic and Antarctic regions. It can also be found in mountainous regions and in some parts of the boreal forest.

3. True. It is estimated that there is approximately twice as much carbon in permafrost than is currently in the Earth's atmosphere. This carbon is stored in the form of organic matter that has been frozen for thousands of years.

Statement 1: The statues of Walking Buddha depicts either beginning his journey toward enlightenment or returning after giving a sermon.
The statement is correct. The statues of Walking Buddha do depict either the beginning of his journey toward enlightenment or his return after giving a sermon. This posture is known as the "Walking Buddha" or "Walking Meditation Buddha" and is often seen in Buddhist art.

The Walking Buddha posture represents the Buddha taking steps on his path towards enlightenment or returning from his journey to share his teachings with others. It symbolizes the continuous effort and progress on the spiritual path.

Statement 2: This is the most common of the Buddha postures and is seen mainly in south-east Asia.
The statement is incorrect. The Walking Buddha posture is not the most common of the Buddha postures. The most common and iconic posture of the Buddha is the sitting or meditating posture, known as the "Lotus position" or "Buddha in meditation." This posture is widely recognized and seen in various Buddhist traditions and regions.

While the Walking Buddha posture is indeed seen in southeast Asia, it is not the most prevalent or widespread posture. The Walking Buddha statues can be found in countries like Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar, but they are not as commonly depicted as the sitting Buddha statues.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, statement 1 is correct as the statues of Walking Buddha do represent either the beginning or the end of his journey towards enlightenment. However, statement 2 is incorrect as the Walking Buddha posture is not the most common among Buddha postures and is not seen as widely as the sitting or meditating Buddha posture. Therefore, the correct answer is option B, which states that only statement 2 is incorrect.

's fifth ocean.

Both statements are true.

1. India is a member of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). The IHO is an intergovernmental organization that promotes the development of hydrography and nautical charting. India joined the IHO in 1961 and actively participates in its activities.

2. The IHO has recognized the Southern Ocean as the world's fifth ocean. In June 2021, the IHO officially recognized the Southern Ocean as a distinct body of water, separate from the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. This decision was made to highlight the unique physical and ecological characteristics of the Southern Ocean, particularly its distinct currents and ecosystems.

National Security Guard (NSG):
The National Security Guard (NSG) is a specialized counter-terrorism unit of India, which was established by an act of the Parliament. It is responsible for handling various security-related issues, including counter-terrorism operations, bomb disposal, hostage rescue, and VIP protection. Let's analyze the given statements to determine their accuracy.

Statement 1: It is a counter-terrorism unit which came into existence by an act of the Parliament.
This statement is correct. The NSG was created in 1984 through the National Security Guard Act, which was passed by the Parliament of India. The act provides a legal framework for the establishment, organization, and functioning of the NSG as a specialized force to combat terrorism and protect the nation.

Statement 2: The idea behind the establishment of the unit came in the aftermath of Operation Nistar.
This statement is incorrect. The idea for the formation of the NSG did not come in the aftermath of Operation Nistar. Operation Nistar was a military operation carried out by the Indian Army in 1984 to flush out militants from the Golden Temple in Amritsar. However, the NSG was not specifically formed as a response to this operation.

The NSG was primarily established due to the increasing threat of terrorism in India. The 1984 anti-Sikh riots and the assassination of the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in the same year highlighted the need for a specialized force capable of handling such incidents effectively. As a result, the NSG was formed, drawing inspiration from international counter-terrorism units like Germany's GSG-9 and the UK's SAS.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, only Statement 1 is correct. The NSG is a counter-terrorism unit that was established by an act of the Parliament, but its formation was not directly linked to Operation Nistar. The NSG remains an important entity in India's security apparatus and plays a crucial role in safeguarding the nation from terrorist threats.

Understanding the Maritime State Development Council (MSDC)
The Maritime State Development Council (MSDC) plays a crucial role in the development of India's maritime sector. Here’s a breakdown of the statements regarding the MSDC:
Statement 1: Apex Advisory Body
- The MSDC serves as an apex advisory body dedicated to the integrated development of both Major and non-Major Ports.
- Its primary goal is to foster a coherent approach towards enhancing the maritime infrastructure and ensuring efficient port operations.
- By promoting collaboration among various stakeholders, the MSDC aims to boost maritime trade and logistics.
Statement 2: Year of Constitution
- The MSDC was constituted in 1997, not in 1955.
- This is a significant detail as it highlights the relatively recent establishment of the council in terms of maritime governance in India.
Conclusion
- Considering the analysis above, only the first statement is correct.
- Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A': 1 only.
This distinction is essential for understanding the council's role and timeline in the context of maritime development in India.

Formation of Hailstones
Hailstones are a fascinating meteorological phenomenon, and understanding their formation involves examining specific atmospheric conditions. Both statements regarding hailstones provided in the question are accurate.

1. Cumulonimbus Clouds
- Hail is primarily produced by **cumulonimbus clouds**, which are towering clouds associated with thunderstorms.
- These clouds are characterized by their **large size and dark appearance**, indicating heavy moisture and strong updrafts.
- The vertical extent of cumulonimbus clouds allows for the necessary conditions for hail formation, including significant temperature variations.

2. Formation Process of Hailstones
- Hailstones form when **updrafts within these clouds** carry water droplets to great heights.
- At these high altitudes, temperatures are cold enough for the droplets to **freeze into ice**.
- The process involves the repeated cycling of these ice particles within the cloud, accumulating layers of ice until they become too heavy for the updrafts to support, resulting in their fall to the ground as hail.

Conclusion
- Both statements accurately describe the conditions and processes involved in hail formation.
- Therefore, the correct answer is indeed **option 'C' (Both 1 and 2)**, confirming the role of cumulonimbus clouds and the mechanics of hailstone development.

Anoop Satpathy Committee: Minimum Wages and National Floor Minimum Wages

The Anoop Satpathy Committee, which has recently been in the news, is related to the issue of minimum wages and the concept of National Floor Minimum Wages in India. The committee was constituted by the Ministry of Labour and Employment to provide recommendations on various aspects of minimum wages in the country.

Background:
Minimum wages are the lowest wages that employers are legally required to pay to their workers. These wages are set by the government to ensure fair remuneration for workers and to prevent exploitation. The concept of minimum wages aims to provide workers with decent living conditions and protect them from being paid unreasonably low wages.

Key Recommendations:
The Anoop Satpathy Committee has made several key recommendations regarding minimum wages and the establishment of a National Floor Minimum Wage in India. Some of these recommendations include:

1. Regional Variation: The committee has suggested that minimum wages should be region-specific, taking into consideration the cost of living and other relevant factors. This would ensure that workers are paid wages that are appropriate for their specific region.

2. Decentralization: The committee has recommended that the process of fixing and revising minimum wages should be decentralized. It suggests that the responsibility for determining minimum wages should be given to state-level authorities, as they are more familiar with the local conditions and requirements.

3. Uniform Criteria: The committee has proposed the adoption of a uniform criteria for fixing minimum wages across different sectors and regions. This would help in ensuring consistency and fairness in wage determination.

4. National Floor Minimum Wage: The committee has recommended the establishment of a National Floor Minimum Wage, which would serve as a benchmark for minimum wages across the country. This would ensure that no worker is paid below a certain minimum wage, regardless of the region or sector they work in.

5. Periodic Review: The committee has emphasized the importance of regular review and revision of minimum wages to keep up with inflation and changing economic conditions. It suggests that minimum wages should be revised at least once every three years.

Conclusion:
The Anoop Satpathy Committee's recommendations on minimum wages and the concept of National Floor Minimum Wages aim to address the issue of wage disparity and ensure fair wages for all workers in India. These recommendations, if implemented, have the potential to improve the living conditions of workers and protect them from exploitation.