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All questions of Is Matter Around Us Pure? for Class 9 Exam

A shining thick liquid is often used in glass thermometers. Name it.
  • a)
    Bromine
  • b)
    Mercury
  • c)
    Gallium
  • d)
    Calcium
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya jain answered
Mercury is a thick shining liquid used commonly in glass thermometer. It does not stick with wall and expands uniformly on heating.

Which of the following is not a pure substance?
  • a)
    Mercury
  • b)
    Distilled water
  • c)
    Nitric acid
  • d)
    Tap water
Correct answer is 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Varun Kumar answered
Tap water is not a pure substance because it is mixed with chemicals that purify it and if it was from the ground it has naturally occurring minerals mixed in it.

Can you explain the answer of this question below:

Which of the following are chemical changes?

  • A:

    Freezing of water

  • B:

    Cooking of vegetables.

  • C:

    Drying of wet clothes in sun light

  • D:

    Melting of ice

The answer is b.

Divya Ahuja answered

If the chemical composition is changing then it is a chemical change and if the chemical composition is remaining the same, then it is a physical change.

Cooking of vegetables is a chemical change because here the chemical composition of the substance changes.

4 g of solute are dissolved in 36 g of water. What is the mass percent of the solution?
  • a)
    20%
  • b)
    100%
  • c)
    10%
  • d)
    5%
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Krishna Iyer answered
Mass percent of solution = (mass of solute / mass of solution)×100%(mass of solute / mass of solution)×100%
    4    ×100%
   4+36
= 10%.

Statement A: Brass is a solution while gun powder is not 
Statement B: Air represents a solution in terms of science 
Which of the two statements is true
  • a)
    Statement B
  • b)
    Statement A
  • c)
    Both the Statement A and B
  • d)
    Neither Statement A nor Statement B.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Arun Sharma answered
Brass is a homogeneous mixture of copper and Zinc. Gun powder is not a powder is a simple mixture of saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal.
Air is an example of a solution (gaseous solution) because it is a homogeneous mixture of different gases like oxygen, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, etc.

Match the following with correct response. 
(1) Solute 
(2) Solvent 
(3) Solution 
(4) Suspension 

(A) dissolving component of solution 
(B) A heterogenous mixture 
(C) A homogenous mixture 
(D) dissolved component of solution
  • a)
    1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
  • b)
    1-A, 2-C, 3-B, 4-D
  • c)
    1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
  • d)
    1-C, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Amit Kumar answered
Solution is a homogeneous mixture because it is made up two or more substance and chemical composition is uniform throughout.
Suspenison is a heterogeneous mixture because the chemical composition is not uniform and particles are arranged differently in a heterogeneous mixture i.e.random arrangement of particles takes place in a heterogeneous mixture.
Solute is the component of a solution that is to dissolved into the solvent.
Solvent is the medium which is in large quantity and solute is in less quantity as it is the matter which is to be dissolved into solvent let's take an example there is sugar and water. You dissolved sugar in water so water here acts as a solvent and sugar here acts as a solute which is to be dissolved into the solvent i.e. present in large quantity.
Thus, the final answer is 1-D, 2-A, 3-C and 4-B.

A compound is a _______ substance made up of _______ .
  • a)
    impure; two or more simpler substances
  • b)
    soft; only one kind of atoms
  • c)
    hard; only one element
  • d)
    pure; two or more elements
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya Sharma answered
A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance that exists independently. Molecules of most elements are made up of only one of atom of that element. Oxygen, along with nitrogen, hydrogen, and chlorine are made up of two atoms.

Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?
  • a)
    Air
  • b)
    Brass
  • c)
    Water
  • d)
    Milk
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

C K Academy answered
Answer: C. Water
Explanation: Water (H2O) is a pure substance made up entirely of water molecules. Here are some key points:
  • Definition: A pure substance contains only one type of particle.
  • Composition: Water consists solely of H2O molecules.
  • Characteristics: It has consistent properties throughout, such as boiling and freezing points.

Thermometer is an instrument that measuring
  • a)
      Temperature of substance
  • b)
      Heat of substance         
  • c)
      Radiation of substance
  • d)
      Flow energy in a substance.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Prakruti Iyer answered
A Thermometer is a tool that measures temperature - how hot or cold something is. Thermometers are used to see if you have a fever or tell you how cold it is outside.

What happens on adding dilute HCl to a mixture of iron filling and sulphur powder? 
A H2S is formed 
B A colour less and odourless gas is formed 
C A greenish solution appears 
D FeS is formed
  • a)
    (b) and (c) are correct
  • b)
    (a) and (b) are correct
  • c)
    (a), (b) and (c) are correct
  • d)
    All of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Hansa Sharma answered
When HCl is added to iron filling then chlorine of HCl reacts with iron by evolving hydrogen gas. The iron dissolves, releasing hydrogen and making an iron chloride solution.
Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂ or
2Fe + 6HCl → 2FeCl₃ + 3H₂
-FeCl₂ is a greenish solution.

How will you bring about the following separation Alcohol from water?
  • a)
    By Centrifugation
  • b)
    By sublimation
  • c)
    By fractional distillation
  • d)
    By separating funnel.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Shubham Iyer answered
Separation of Alcohol from Water by Fractional Distillation

Fractional distillation is the most appropriate method for separating alcohol from water. It is a process that utilizes the difference in boiling points of the two substances to separate them effectively. Here is a detailed explanation of the process:

1. Introduction to Fractional Distillation:
- Fractional distillation is a technique used to separate a mixture of liquids based on their boiling points.
- It is particularly useful when the liquids have boiling points close to each other, such as alcohol and water.
- The process involves heating the mixture to vaporize the component with the lower boiling point and then condensing it back into liquid form.

2. Boiling Points of Alcohol and Water:
- Alcohol (ethanol) has a boiling point of approximately 78.5°C.
- Water has a boiling point of 100°C.
- These boiling points indicate that alcohol vaporizes at a lower temperature than water.

3. Procedure for Fractional Distillation:
- The mixture of alcohol and water is heated in a distillation flask, which is attached to a fractionating column.
- The fractionating column contains multiple stages or plates, which provide a large surface area for the vapor to condense and revaporize.
- As the mixture is heated, the component with the lower boiling point (alcohol) vaporizes first.
- The vapor rises through the fractionating column, where it starts to condense on the plates.
- The condensed liquid then revaporizes due to the heat from the rising vapor, allowing further separation.
- The vapor continues to rise until it reaches the condenser, where it is cooled and collected as a liquid in a separate container.

4. Collection of Alcohol and Water:
- As the vapor passes through the fractionating column, it undergoes multiple cycles of condensation and revaporization.
- This process allows for the separation of alcohol and water based on their boiling points.
- The alcohol, which has the lower boiling point, will condense and collect at a lower temperature than water.
- The water, which has the higher boiling point, will condense and collect at a higher temperature than alcohol.
- By adjusting the temperature and controlling the flow of vapor, it is possible to separate alcohol and water efficiently.

In conclusion, fractional distillation is the most suitable method for separating alcohol from water due to the difference in their boiling points. This technique allows for the collection of alcohol and water as separate components by utilizing the process of condensation and revaporization in a fractionating column.

Cod-liver oil is an example of
  • a)
    Colloidal solution
  • b)
    Suspension
  • c)
    True solution
  • d)
    Emulsion
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Arvind Singh answered
Water-in-oil (W/O) type emulsions: In water-in-oil type emulsions, water acts as the dispersed phase, whereas oil acts as the dispersion medium. This type of emulsions is also referred to as oil emulsions. Cod liver oil emulsion is a typical example of this type of emulsions in which water is dispersed in cod liver oil. 

Which of the following processes describes the direct conversion of a solid into a gas without passing through the liquid state?
  • a)
    Fusion
  • b)
    Condensation
  • c)
    Solidification
  • d)
    Sublimation
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Gitanjali Kaur answered
Understanding Sublimation
Sublimation is a fascinating process that involves the direct transition of a solid into a gas, bypassing the liquid phase entirely. Here’s a detailed breakdown of this process:
Definition of Sublimation
- Sublimation occurs when certain substances, such as dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) or iodine, transition from a solid state directly to a gaseous state when heated.
Characteristics of Sublimation
- No Liquid Phase: The key feature of sublimation is that there is no intermediate liquid form; the solid transforms directly into gas.
- Endothermic Process: Sublimation requires energy, often in the form of heat, which allows the molecules in the solid to gain enough energy to overcome intermolecular forces and escape into the air as gas.
Examples of Sublimation
- Dry Ice: Dry ice sublimes at room temperature, turning directly into carbon dioxide gas, which is commonly used in fog machines and refrigeration.
- Iodine Crystals: When heated, iodine crystals sublimate, producing a purple vapor without forming any liquid.
Importance of Sublimation
- Applications in Industry: Sublimation is used in freeze-drying food, which preserves its structure and nutrients while removing moisture.
- Scientific Observations: Sublimation is also observed in various natural processes and is essential in understanding phase changes in materials.
In summary, sublimation is the process defined in the question, making option 'D' the correct answer. It highlights the unique ability of certain solids to transition directly into gas, a fascinating aspect of physical chemistry.

Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?
  • a)
    Milk
  • b)
    Salt solution
     
  • c)
    Air
  • d)
    Distilled water
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

EduRev Class 9 answered
  • The correct answer is:
    a) Milk
    Explanation:
  • Milk – It appears uniform, but under a microscope, it has tiny fat globules dispersed in water. This makes it a colloid, which is a type of heterogeneous mixture.
  • Salt solution – Salt dissolves completely in water, forming a homogeneous mixture.
  • Air – Air is a homogeneous mixture of gases (mainly nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.).
  • Distilled water – Pure substance, not a mixture at all.

Which of the following are homogeneous in nature?
(i) Ice (ii) Wood
(iii) Soil (iv) Air
  • a)
    (i) and (ii)
  • b)
    (i) and (iv)
  • c)
    (ii) and (iii)
  • d)
    (iii) and (iv)
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Pranab Datta answered
Homogeneous Substances

Homogeneous substances are those that have the same composition and properties throughout their entire volume. In other words, they are uniform in nature and do not have visible differences or variations. Let's analyze each option to determine which ones are homogeneous.

(i) Ice
Ice is a solid form of water, and it is considered a homogeneous substance. It is composed of water molecules arranged in a rigid lattice structure. The composition and properties of ice are the same throughout its entire volume, making it a homogeneous substance.

(ii) Wood
Wood is a complex material composed of various organic compounds, such as cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. It is a heterogeneous substance rather than homogeneous. Wood exhibits visible differences and variations in its composition and properties, such as the presence of growth rings, knots, and different colors. These variations make wood a heterogeneous substance.

(iii) Soil
Soil is a mixture of organic and inorganic materials, such as minerals, water, air, and organic matter. It is a heterogeneous substance due to the presence of different-sized particles, variations in composition, and the mixture of various components. Soil can have different textures, colors, and compositions in different areas or layers, making it heterogeneous.

(iv) Air
Air is a mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and traces of other gases. Although air appears to be uniform and transparent, it is actually a mixture of different gases. The composition of air can vary depending on the location and environmental conditions. Therefore, air is a heterogeneous substance.

Conclusion

From the given options, only ice (i) can be considered a homogeneous substance. It has the same composition and properties throughout its entire volume. Wood (ii), soil (iii), and air (iv) are all heterogeneous substances due to visible differences and variations in their composition and properties.

Which one of the following pair of gases cannot be separated by diffusion method?
  • a)
    CO2 and NO2
  • b)
    CO2 and N2O2
  • c)
    CO2 and H2
  • d)
    CO2 and N2O
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ishita Khanna answered
Diffusion Method and Separation of Gases

Diffusion is the process of intermixing of gases. Diffusion of gases occurs due to the random motion of gas molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. The rate of diffusion of gases depends upon their molecular mass, temperature, and pressure. The diffusion method is used for the separation of gases based on their molecular mass, size, and solubility.

Pair of Gases that cannot be Separated by Diffusion Method

The correct answer is option 'D', i.e., CO2 and N2O. These two gases cannot be separated by the diffusion method because they have almost the same molecular mass and size. The rate of diffusion of gases is directly proportional to their molecular mass. When two gases have the same molecular mass, they diffuse at the same rate and cannot be separated by the diffusion method.

Explanation of Other Options

a) CO2 and NO2: These two gases can be separated by the diffusion method because they have different molecular masses and sizes.

b) CO2 and N2O2: These two gases can be separated by the diffusion method because they have different molecular masses and sizes.

c) CO2 and H2: These two gases can be separated by the diffusion method because they have different molecular masses and sizes.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the diffusion method is used for the separation of gases based on their molecular mass, size, and solubility. CO2 and N2O cannot be separated by the diffusion method because they have almost the same molecular mass and size.

Which one is physical change?
  • a)
    Burning magnesium in air
  • b)
    Mixing NH3 and HCl
  • c)
    Mixing BaSO4+ NaCl
  • d)
    Adding NaCl to water
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Jaya Khanna answered
Adding of common salt (NaCl) to water is physical change as no new substance is formed and no heat is evolved during addition of salt in water.

A hard substance when bent produces a tinkling sound. Predict its nature.
  • a)
    Non metal
  • b)
    Metal
  • c)
    Compound
  • d)
    All of these
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Introduction:
When a hard substance produces a tinkling sound when bent, it indicates that the substance is likely a metal. Metals are known to exhibit this characteristic, which is caused by the movement of the metal ions and the rearrangement of the crystal lattice structure.

Explanation:
1. Non-metal:
Non-metals, such as carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus, do not produce a tinkling sound when bent. They are generally brittle and tend to break or crumble when subjected to bending stress. Non-metals also lack the ability to conduct electricity and heat efficiently, which is another characteristic that distinguishes them from metals.

2. Metal:
Metals are known for their malleability and ductility, which allow them to be bent and shaped without breaking. When a metal is bent, the movement of the metal ions causes a rearrangement of the crystal lattice structure. This movement and rearrangement result in the production of a tinkling sound. The specific sound produced can vary depending on the type of metal and its composition.

Metals also have a high electrical and thermal conductivity, which means they can efficiently transfer heat and electricity. This property is due to the presence of free electrons in the metal's structure, which can move freely and carry electric current or heat energy.

3. Compound:
Compounds are formed by the combination of different elements, including metals and non-metals. While some compounds may exhibit brittleness and produce a sound when broken, the description provided in the question specifically mentions the production of a tinkling sound when bent. This characteristic is primarily associated with metals and not compounds.

Conclusion:
Based on the given information, the hard substance that produces a tinkling sound when bent is most likely a metal. The ability of metals to be bent without breaking, along with their high electrical and thermal conductivity, distinguishes them from non-metals and compounds in this context.

Match the following with correct response. 
  • a)
    1-C, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A
  • b)
    1-A, 2-C, 3-B, 4-D
  • c)
    1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
  • d)
    1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Saurabh Tanwer answered
1.Which solution have same uniform composition called homogeneous.

2.In which solution having separate boundaries of various components different with each others known as Heterogeneous.

3.When meet two components and make a new formed known as chemical change.

4.When Melting Ice it change it's shape and size and this change are physical changes.

When a mixture of iron powder and sulfur powder is heated strongly to form iron sulfide, then heat energy is
  • a)
    Absorbed
  • b)
    Released
  • c)
    First absorbed and then released
  • d)
    Neither absorbed nor released.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Shail Roy answered

Explanation:

Heating of Iron and Sulfur Mixture:
- When a mixture of iron powder and sulfur powder is heated strongly, a chemical reaction takes place.
- The iron and sulfur react to form iron sulfide.

Energy Change in the Reaction:
- In this reaction, energy is first absorbed to break the bonds in the reactants (iron and sulfur).
- Then, energy is released when new bonds are formed in the product (iron sulfide).
- This means that the reaction absorbs energy in the beginning and releases energy as it progresses.

Overall Energy Change:
- Therefore, the overall energy change in this reaction involves both absorption and release of energy.
- Initially, energy is absorbed to break the bonds in the reactants, and then energy is released when new bonds are formed in the product.

Conclusion:
- In the reaction between iron and sulfur to form iron sulfide, heat energy is first absorbed to break the bonds in the reactants, and then released as new bonds are formed in the product.

Milk of magnesia is
  • a)
    A suspension
  • b)
    A colloid
  • c)
    A true solution
  • d)
    A homogeneous mixture
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Samridhi Patel answered
What is Milk of Magnesia?
Milk of magnesia is a common antacid and laxative, primarily composed of magnesium hydroxide suspended in water.
Classification of Milk of Magnesia
- Suspension: Milk of magnesia is classified as a suspension because it contains fine particles of magnesium hydroxide dispersed in water.
- Characteristics of a Suspension: In a suspension:
- The particles are larger than those in a colloid or solution.
- They are not completely dissolved; instead, they remain suspended and can settle over time if left undisturbed.
- When shaken or stirred, the mixture appears uniform, but it may separate upon standing.
Why Not a Colloid or True Solution?
- Colloid: In a colloid, particles are smaller than those in a suspension and do not settle out. Examples include milk and fog. Milk of magnesia, due to its larger particle size, does not fit this category.
- True Solution: A true solution, like saltwater, has solute particles that are completely dissolved at the molecular level, resulting in a homogeneous mixture. Milk of magnesia does not form a true solution, as the magnesium hydroxide particles are visible and can settle.
Conclusion
In summary, milk of magnesia is best described as a suspension due to its particle size and behavior in liquid. Understanding this distinction is crucial for recognizing different types of mixtures in chemistry.

A solution is prepared by dissolving 80 g of salt in 500 g of water. Find the concentration of the solution
  • a)
    10%
  • b)
    11%
  • c)
    13.8%
  • d)
    1.38%
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Concentration of solution = (mass solute/mass of solution)*100
Mass of solute (salt) = 80 g
Mass of solution = 80 + 500 = 580
=(80/580)*100
=13.793 or 13.8%

If 110 g of copper sulphate is present in 550 g of solution, what will be the concentration of
solution?
  • a)
    11%
  • b)
    20%
  • c)
    55%
  • d)
    22%
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Shubham Iyer answered
Solution:

Given:
Mass of copper sulphate = 110 g
Mass of solution = 550 g

To find:
Concentration of solution

Concentration is defined as the amount of solute (in this case, copper sulphate) present in a given amount of solution.

Concentration of solution = (mass of solute / mass of solution) * 100

Substituting the given values into the formula:

Concentration = (110 g / 550 g) * 100

Simplifying the expression:

Concentration = (1/5) * 100 = 20%

Therefore, the concentration of the solution is 20%.

Explanation:

To calculate the concentration of a solution, we need to determine the ratio of the mass of the solute to the mass of the solution and express it as a percentage.

In this case, the mass of copper sulphate is given as 110 g and the mass of the solution is given as 550 g. To find the concentration, we divide the mass of the solute by the mass of the solution and multiply by 100 to express it as a percentage.

Substituting the given values into the formula, we get (110 g / 550 g) * 100 = (1/5) * 100 = 20%.

Therefore, the concentration of the solution is 20%.

This means that for every 100 g of the solution, there are 20 g of copper sulphate present.

One of the following substances is neither a good conductor of electricity nor an insulator. This substances is
  • a)
    Chromium
  • b)
    Gallium
  • c)
    Germanium
  • d)
    Potassium
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sadhana Patel answered
Explanation:

Introduction:
In order to understand why Germanium (Ge) is neither a good conductor of electricity nor an insulator, we need to have a basic understanding of conductivity and the properties of different substances.

Conductivity:
Conductivity refers to the ability of a substance to conduct electricity. Substances can be classified into three categories based on their conductivity:
1. Conductors: These substances allow the flow of electric current easily. They have a high number of free electrons that can move freely within the material. Examples of conductors include metals like copper, aluminum, and silver.
2. Insulators: These substances do not allow the flow of electric current easily. They have a very low number of free electrons. Examples of insulators include rubber, plastic, and wood.
3. Semiconductors: These substances have properties that lie between conductors and insulators. They have a moderate number of free electrons, which can be influenced by external factors such as temperature or impurities. Examples of semiconductors include silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge).

Properties of Germanium:
Germanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors silicon and tin.

Germanium as a Semiconductor:
Germanium is classified as a semiconductor because it has properties that lie between conductors and insulators. It has a moderate number of free electrons that can move within the material, but it cannot conduct electricity as effectively as metals. Germanium's conductivity can be enhanced by adding impurities or by increasing the temperature.

Not a Good Conductor:
Germanium is not a good conductor of electricity compared to metals like copper or aluminum. This is because germanium has a lower number of free electrons available for conducting electricity. The movement of these free electrons is not as efficient in germanium as it is in metals.

Not an Insulator:
Germanium is also not an insulator like rubber or wood. It has a moderate number of free electrons that can conduct electricity to some extent. Insulators, on the other hand, have a very low number of free electrons that do not allow the flow of electric current.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Germanium is neither a good conductor nor an insulator. It is classified as a semiconductor due to its moderate conductivity properties. Germanium's conductivity can be enhanced by adding impurities or increasing the temperature.

Which of the following is true only for elements but not for compounds?
  • a)
    They are homogeneous.
  • b)
    They are the simplest substances and cannot be broken down further.
  • c)
    They are formed by a chemical combination of two or more substances.
  • d)
    They can exist in different physical states (solid, liquid, gas).
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

C K Academy answered
Elements:
  • Elements are the simplest form of matter and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical means.
  • They are homogeneous and can exist in different physical states.
Compounds:
  • Compounds are formed by a chemical combination of two or more elements and can be broken down into their constituent elements.
  • Compounds are also homogeneous but are not the simplest substances.
Thus, the statement "They are the simplest substances and cannot be broken down further" applies only to elements.

Identify homogeneous mixture from the following
  • a)
    Dust storm
  • b)
    A suspension of chalk in water
  • c)
    A dilute solution of alcohol in water.
  • d)
    Soap bubbles are formed by blowing air into soap solution
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Akash Nambiar answered
A dilute solution of alcohol in water is an example of homogenous mixture. Alcohol and water do not forms a separate boundary if left undisturbed and both are uniformly distributed.

Assertion (A): Lemonade is an example of a homogeneous mixture.
Reason (R): In a solution, there is homogeneity at the particle level, where the solute particles are evenly distributed in the solvent.
  • a)
    Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • b)
    Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
     
  • c)
    (A) is true, but (R) is false.
  • d)
    (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Gowri Ahuja answered
Understanding the Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
The assertion states that lemonade is a homogeneous mixture, while the reason explains the nature of solutions and their uniformity at the particle level.
What is a Homogeneous Mixture?
- A homogeneous mixture is one that has a uniform composition throughout.
- In such mixtures, the individual components are not distinguishable from one another.
- Lemonade, when properly mixed, appears uniform; you cannot see separate particles of sugar, water, or lemon juice.
Why Lemonade is Homogeneous?
- When making lemonade, sugar dissolves in water, and the lemon juice integrates well.
- The resulting mixture has consistent taste and appearance, fulfilling the criteria for homogeneity.
Understanding the Reason (R)
- The reason states that in a solution, solute particles are evenly distributed in the solvent.
- This concept applies directly to lemonade, as sugar (solute) is evenly dispersed in water (solvent).
Connection Between (A) and (R)
- Both the assertion and reason are true:
- Lemonade is indeed a homogeneous mixture.
- The particle-level distribution in solutions explains why lemonade is homogeneous.
- Therefore, the reason effectively supports the assertion.
Conclusion
- Based on this analysis, both (A) and (R) are true, with (R) serving as the correct explanation for (A).
- This aligns with option (a): "Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)."

Which one is NOT an element?
  • a)
    Metals
  • b)
    Non-metals
  • c)
    Alloys
  • d)
    Semi-metals
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajeev Unni answered
Elements include metals, non-metals and semi-metals (metalloids). Alloys are mixture of two or more elements.

Which one of the following is a solid foam
  • a)
    Ruby
  • b)
    Shaving cream
  • c)
    Bread
  • d)
    Butter
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Explanation:

Solid Foam:
- A solid foam is a material that has a cellular structure with pockets of gas trapped within a solid material.
- The most common example of solid foam is bread, which has a spongy texture due to the presence of air pockets within the bread structure.

Ruby:
- Ruby is a precious gemstone that is known for its red color and is not a solid foam.

Shaving Cream:
- Shaving cream is a type of foam that is used for shaving and is not a solid foam.

Butter:
- Butter is a dairy product that is spreadable and not a solid foam.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C) Bread as it is an example of a solid foam due to its cellular structure with trapped air pockets.

If log of sodium hydroxide is dissolved in 150 g of water, then calculate the mass percent of sodium hydroxide in the solution
C 5%
  • a)
    8.2%
  • b)
    6.25%
  • c)
    7.5%
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Neha Rane answered
Calculation of Mass Percent of Sodium Hydroxide in Solution

Given: Log of sodium hydroxide is dissolved in 150 g of water.

Step 1: Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide in the solution.

As we know that log(NaOH) is a 0.1 M solution of sodium hydroxide. So, the number of moles of NaOH in 1 liter of solution will be:

0.1 M = 0.1 moles/L

Now, 1 liter of solution weighs 1000 g (density of water is 1 g/mL). Therefore, the mass of NaOH in 1 liter of solution will be:

0.1 moles/L x 40 g/mole (molar mass of NaOH) = 4 g/L

So, the mass of NaOH in 150 g of water will be:

4 g/L x 0.15 L = 0.6 g

Therefore, the mass of sodium hydroxide in the solution is 0.6 g.

Step 2: Calculate the mass percent of sodium hydroxide in the solution.

Mass percent = (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100

The mass of the solution is 150 g (given).

Therefore, mass percent of sodium hydroxide in the solution = (0.6 g / 150 g) x 100 = 0.4%

However, the answer choices do not match with this calculation. Upon further examination, it appears that there may be an error in the question. If the intended concentration of the solution is actually 0.1 g/L instead of 0.1 M, then the calculation above would be correct and the answer would be option B (6.25%).

Which of the following are chemical changes?
(i) Decaying of wood (ii) Burning of wood
(iii) Sawing of wood (iv) Hammering of nail into wood
  • a)
    (i) and (ii)
  • b)
    (ii) and (iii)
  • c)
    (i) and (iv)
  • d)
    (ii) and (iv)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Nirali Shah answered
Decaying of wood is a chemical change because it involves the breakdown of the organic compounds present in the wood into simpler substances through the action of microorganisms. This process is called decomposition, and it results in the formation of new compounds such as carbon dioxide, water, and various organic substances. The original composition of the wood is changed, making it a chemical change.

Burning of wood is also a chemical change. When wood is burned, it undergoes a chemical reaction known as combustion. The heat from the fire breaks down the complex organic compounds in the wood into simpler substances, such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ash. The original wood is transformed into new compounds, and the process is irreversible, indicating a chemical change.

Sawing of wood, on the other hand, is a physical change. It involves the mechanical action of cutting the wood into smaller pieces using a saw. The composition of the wood remains the same before and after sawing, only the shape and size of the wood are altered. No new substances are formed, so it is not a chemical change.

Similarly, hammering a nail into wood is also a physical change. It involves the mechanical action of driving the nail into the wood using a hammer. The wood does not undergo any chemical reactions or changes in composition. Only the shape and position of the nail in the wood are altered.

Assertion (A): Alloys are considered as mixtures, even though their components cannot be separated by physical methods.
Reason (R): Alloys show the properties of their constituents and can have variable composition.
  • a)
    Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • b)
    Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
  • c)
    (A) is true, but (R) is false.
  • d)
    (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sankar Bajaj answered
Understanding Alloys as Mixtures
Alloys are indeed classified as mixtures, despite the fact that their components cannot be separated by physical methods. Let's explore the assertion and reason in detail.
Assertion (A) Explained
- Alloys are combinations of two or more metals (or a metal and a non-metal) that are melted together.
- While they form a homogeneous mixture at the atomic level, the individual components retain their unique properties.
- The inability to separate the components using physical methods (like filtration or distillation) is a characteristic of alloys, not a disqualification from being considered a mixture.
Reason (R) Explained
- Alloys exhibit properties derived from their constituent metals, such as strength, ductility, and resistance to corrosion.
- The composition of alloys can vary, meaning that different ratios of components can yield different properties, which is a hallmark of mixtures.
- This variability in composition allows for the customization of alloys to meet specific requirements for various applications.
Relationship Between A and R
- Both statements are true: alloys are classified as mixtures, and they show properties of their constituents while allowing variable composition.
- The reason (R) effectively explains the assertion (A) by emphasizing the nature of mixtures and the behavior of alloys.
Conclusion
Thus, the correct answer is option 'A': both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Understanding this relationship enhances comprehension of material science and the properties of different substances.

Everything in this universe is made up of material which scientists have named _____.
  • a)
    Elements
  • b)
    Energy
  • c)
    Matter
  • d)
    Air
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Let's Tute answered
Matter is what everything in the universe is made of. It includes things like air, water, rocks, plants, and animals. Scientists call all these things "matter."

Which of the following is an example of a colloidal solution?
  • a)
    Salt in water
  • b)
    Muddy water
  • c)
    Milk
  • d)
    Sand in water
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mihika Iyer answered
Understanding Colloidal Solutions
A colloidal solution is a mixture where tiny particles are dispersed throughout a medium but do not settle out or separate like in a suspension.
Examples of Different Solutions
- Salt in Water: This is a true solution where salt completely dissolves in water, forming a homogeneous mixture.
- Muddy Water: This is a suspension where larger particles of dirt are mixed with water, and they can settle out if left undisturbed.
- Milk: This is the correct example of a colloidal solution. Milk contains tiny fat globules dispersed in water, which do not settle out and give it a uniform appearance.
- Sand in Water: This is also a suspension since sand particles are larger and will settle down if allowed to sit.
Characteristics of Colloids
- Particle Size: Colloids have particle sizes that range between 1 nanometer and 1 micrometer.
- Tyndall Effect: Colloidal solutions scatter light, which is known as the Tyndall effect. This is why milk appears opaque.
- Stability: Colloids remain stable over time, as the dispersed particles do not settle out.
Conclusion
Given these characteristics, the correct answer is option 'C' (Milk), as it is the only example provided that fits the definition of a colloidal solution.

Which of the following statements are true for pure substances?
(i) Pure substances contain only one kind of particles
(ii) Pure substances may be compounds or mixture
(iii) Pure substances have the same composition throughout
(iv) Pure substances can be exemplified by all elements other than nickel
  • a)
    (i) and (ii)
  • b)
    (ii) and (iii)
  • c)
    (i) and (iii)
  • d)
    (ii) and (iv)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Pranab Datta answered
Statement: Which of the following statements are true for pure substances?

Explanation:
Pure substances are substances that are made up of only one type of particle. These particles can be atoms or molecules.

(i) Pure substances contain only one kind of particles:
This statement is true. Pure substances consist of only one type of particle, whether it is an atom or a molecule. Examples of pure substances include elements like oxygen (O2) and compounds like water (H2O).

(ii) Pure substances may be compounds or mixtures:
This statement is false. Pure substances cannot be mixtures. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances, each maintaining its own chemical properties. Pure substances can only be compounds or elements. Compounds are made up of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

(iii) Pure substances have the same composition throughout:
This statement is true. Pure substances have a uniform and definite composition. This means that every sample of a pure substance will have the same proportion of its constituent particles.

(iv) Pure substances can be exemplified by all elements other than nickel:
This statement is false. Pure substances can be exemplified by all elements, including nickel. Elements are pure substances composed of only one type of atom. Nickel is an example of an element, so it can be considered a pure substance.

Therefore, the true statements for pure substances are (i) and (iii).

Correct answer: (c) (i) and (iii)

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