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All questions of Unit-IX: Psychology and Sports for Humanities/Arts Exam

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Whose name is associated with conditioned reflex learning?
  • a)
    John Dewey
  • b)
    Aristotle
  • c)
    Rousseau
  • d)
    Pavlov
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Prasenjit Rane answered

Conditioned Reflex Learning and Pavlov

Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, is associated with conditioned reflex learning. He is best known for his experiments with dogs where he discovered classical conditioning.

Classical Conditioning

In his experiments, Pavlov would ring a bell before presenting food to dogs. Over time, the dogs began to associate the sound of the bell with the food, causing them to salivate at the sound of the bell even when no food was presented. This demonstrated how a neutral stimulus (the bell) could become associated with a reflex response (salivation) through repeated pairings.

Significance

Pavlov's research on conditioned reflexes laid the foundation for understanding how behaviors can be learned through associations. His work had a significant impact on the field of psychology, particularly in the development of behaviorism. It also provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of learning and memory.

Legacy

Pavlov's experiments continue to be studied and referenced in psychology and related fields. His work highlighted the importance of environmental factors in shaping behavior and paved the way for further research on learning processes.

In conclusion, Pavlov's name is synonymous with conditioned reflex learning due to his groundbreaking research on classical conditioning with dogs. His contributions have had a lasting impact on our understanding of how behaviors are acquired and modified.

Who amongst the following introduced the is-kinetic method of training for the development of strength?
  • a)
    Plato
  • b)
    B. P. Coubertin
  • c)
    J. J. Parrine 
  • d)
    Jacobson
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ss Study Center answered
J.J. Perrine introduced isokinetic exercises in 1968.  These exercises are a combination of isotonic and iso-metric exercises and are performed on specially designed machines.  They develop muscle strength and explosive strength.

Seventeen-year-old Derek had never smoked a cigarette because he was aware of its harmful effects. However, on an outing, some of his friends urged him to try it. After refusing for some time, Derek gave in and started smoking because he didn’t want to be the odd person out.
Which of the problems faced by adolescents is this an example of?
  • a)
    Physiological changes
  • b)
    Peer pressure
  • c)
    Clash between expectation and reality
  • d)
    Hero worship
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Swara Patel answered


Peer Pressure

Peer pressure is the influence exerted by a peer group on an individual to conform to certain behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs in order to be accepted. In the case of Derek, his friends urged him to smoke cigarettes, despite his awareness of the harmful effects.

Explanation:

- Derek faced peer pressure from his friends to smoke because he didn't want to be the odd one out in the group.
- Even though he knew smoking was harmful, the desire to fit in and be accepted by his friends led him to give in to their influence.
- Peer pressure is a common problem faced by adolescents as they navigate social relationships and try to establish their identity.
- It can lead individuals to engage in risky behaviors or make choices that go against their better judgment in order to gain approval from their peers.

Impact:

- Giving in to peer pressure can have negative consequences on an individual's physical and mental well-being.
- It can also lead to feelings of guilt, regret, and low self-esteem if the individual goes against their own values or beliefs.
- It is important for adolescents to be aware of the influence of peer pressure and to develop the confidence to make independent and informed decisions, even if it means standing out from the crowd.

‘Super compensation’ means
  • a)
    Fatigue
  • b)
    Second wind
  • c)
    Adaptation to load
  • d)
    Oxygen debt
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Yadav answered
A hardworking person is someone who consistently puts in effort, dedication, and commitment into their work or tasks. They are diligent, focused, and determined to achieve their goals. They often go above and beyond what is expected of them and are willing to put in extra hours or effort to ensure the success of their work. They have a strong work ethic and are motivated to achieve excellence. They are not easily discouraged by challenges or setbacks and are willing to learn from their mistakes and improve. Overall, a hardworking person is someone who is reliable, efficient, and consistently strives for success.

In psychological testing, norm is defined as
  • a)
    Record of performance
  • b)
    unique performance of a team
  • c)
    Average performance of the team
  • d)
    highest performance of the athlete
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Avi Kapoor answered


Definition of Norm in Psychological Testing:

Norm in psychological testing refers to the average performance of a specific group of individuals on a particular test or measure. It provides a standard against which an individual's score can be compared to determine how they perform in relation to others in the same group.

Importance of Norms:

- Norms help in interpreting an individual's test scores by providing a reference point for comparison.
- They allow psychologists to make informed judgments about an individual's abilities, strengths, and weaknesses.
- Norms help in identifying outliers or individuals who perform exceptionally well or poorly compared to the average performance of the group.

Types of Norms:

1. Percentile Ranks: Percentile ranks indicate the percentage of individuals in the norm group who scored below a particular score. For example, if an individual scores at the 75th percentile, it means that they performed better than 75% of the norm group.

2. Standard Scores: Standard scores (e.g., z-scores, T-scores) are derived from the mean and standard deviation of the norm group. They provide a standardized way of comparing an individual's performance to the group average.

3. Age- or Grade-Based Norms: These norms compare an individual's performance to others in the same age group or grade level. They are commonly used in educational assessments.

Application of Norms:

- Norms are used in various psychological assessments, such as intelligence tests, personality inventories, and achievement tests.
- They help in diagnosing conditions, identifying learning disabilities, and making treatment decisions based on an individual's relative performance.

In conclusion, norms play a crucial role in psychological testing by providing a benchmark for evaluating an individual's performance in comparison to a relevant group. They allow psychologists to draw meaningful conclusions and make informed decisions based on test results.

The body structure of mesomorphic people is like:
  • a)
    Fatty
  • b)
    Large muscles and bones
  • c)
    Solid
  • d)
    obese
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Anisha Chopra answered

Body Structure of Mesomorphic People:

Mesomorphic people have a body structure that is characterized by large muscles and bones, making them solid and well-built individuals.

Large Muscles:
- Mesomorphic individuals have a naturally higher muscle mass compared to other body types. This gives them a more muscular and defined appearance.
- Their muscles are well-developed and prominent, often giving them a strong and athletic physique.

Strong Bones:
- Along with their large muscles, mesomorphic people also have sturdy and robust bones. This contributes to their overall solid and powerful build.
- Their bones provide a strong foundation for their muscles, allowing them to engage in activities that require strength and endurance.

Solid:
- The combination of large muscles and strong bones gives mesomorphic individuals a solid and compact body structure.
- They tend to have a higher metabolism, which helps in maintaining their muscle mass and keeping their body fat levels low.

In conclusion, the body structure of mesomorphic people is characterized by large muscles and bones, making them solid and well-built individuals with a natural predisposition towards strength and athleticism.

Chapter doubts & questions for Unit-IX: Psychology and Sports - Physical Education CUET Preparation 2024 is part of Humanities/Arts exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the Humanities/Arts exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for Humanities/Arts 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.

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