All questions of Change and Development in Rural Society for Humanities/Arts Exam

Women are also emerging as the main source of agricultural labour leading to the Feminization of agriculture labour force.

During the British rule, the Zamindari system caused agriculture to stagnate.

Agricultural labor refers to individuals who work in the agricultural sector, performing tasks related to cultivating crops, raising livestock, and other activities involved in farming. These laborers play a vital role in ensuring food production and supply. The characteristics of agricultural labor can be summarized as follows:

a) They own no land of their own:
One of the key features of agricultural labor is that they do not own any land. Instead, they work on land owned by others, such as farmers or agricultural companies. These laborers are typically employed on a contractual or seasonal basis, depending on the nature of the agricultural activities.

b) They work for others:
Agricultural laborers are hired by farmers or agricultural companies to perform various tasks on their land. These tasks may include plowing, sowing seeds, harvesting crops, tending to livestock, and maintaining farm machinery. The laborers are usually supervised by the landowners or farm managers, who provide them with instructions and guidelines for their work.

c) They are more often paid less wages, i.e., below the statutory minimum wages:
A significant characteristic of agricultural labor is that they often receive lower wages compared to workers in other sectors. This is primarily due to the seasonal and temporary nature of their employment, as well as the high supply of agricultural laborers relative to the demand. As a result, agricultural laborers may earn wages below the statutory minimum wages set by the government. This can lead to economic challenges and difficulties in meeting their basic needs and improving their standard of living.

Overall, the three characteristics mentioned above - not owning land, working for others, and receiving lower wages - are commonly observed in agricultural labor. These characteristics highlight the unique nature of agricultural work and the challenges faced by those engaged in this sector.

Rich-Poor Disparity: Differentiation
Differentiation refers to the process in which the rich grow richer while many of the poor stagnate or grow poorer. This phenomenon can be seen in various societies across the world and has significant social and economic implications.

Factors Contributing to Differentiation
- **Economic Policies:** Economic policies that favor the wealthy, such as tax breaks for the rich or subsidies for corporations, can contribute to the widening gap between the rich and the poor.
- **Education Disparities:** Lack of access to quality education and skills training can limit the ability of the poor to improve their economic status, while the rich have greater access to resources and opportunities.
- **Inheritance and Wealth Accumulation:** Inheritance laws and systems that enable the transfer of wealth from one generation to another can perpetuate inequality, as the rich pass down their assets to their descendants.
- **Globalization:** Globalization has led to the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few multinational corporations and wealthy individuals, exacerbating the rich-poor divide.

Impacts of Differentiation
- **Social Unrest:** Widening economic disparities can lead to social unrest and instability, as marginalized groups feel increasingly disenfranchised and marginalized.
- **Health Disparities:** The poor often have limited access to healthcare and nutritious food, leading to health disparities and higher rates of chronic diseases.
- **Political Instability:** Inequality can undermine democratic institutions and lead to political instability, as disenfranchised groups may feel alienated from the political process.

Addressing Differentiation
- **Redistribution Policies:** Implementing policies that redistribute wealth and resources can help to reduce economic disparities and promote social equity.
- **Education and Skills Training:** Investing in education and skills training programs for the poor can help to empower individuals and improve their economic prospects.
- **Progressive Taxation:** Implementing progressive tax policies that require the wealthy to pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes can help to reduce income inequality.

Wheat production a option is correct