Which of the following is/are the characteristics of the agricultural labour?a)they own no land of their ownb)they work for othersc)they are more often paid less wages I.e. below the statutory minimum wagesd)all the aboveCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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Which of the following is/are the characteristics of the agricultural labour?

a)
they own no land of their own
b)
they work for others
c)
they are more often paid less wages I.e. below the statutory minimum wages
d)
all the above

Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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Which of the following is/are the characteristics of the agricultural ...

Agricultural labor refers to individuals who work in the agricultural sector, performing tasks related to cultivating crops, raising livestock, and other activities involved in farming. These laborers play a vital role in ensuring food production and supply. The characteristics of agricultural labor can be summarized as follows:

a) They own no land of their own:
One of the key features of agricultural labor is that they do not own any land. Instead, they work on land owned by others, such as farmers or agricultural companies. These laborers are typically employed on a contractual or seasonal basis, depending on the nature of the agricultural activities.

b) They work for others:
Agricultural laborers are hired by farmers or agricultural companies to perform various tasks on their land. These tasks may include plowing, sowing seeds, harvesting crops, tending to livestock, and maintaining farm machinery. The laborers are usually supervised by the landowners or farm managers, who provide them with instructions and guidelines for their work.

c) They are more often paid less wages, i.e., below the statutory minimum wages:
A significant characteristic of agricultural labor is that they often receive lower wages compared to workers in other sectors. This is primarily due to the seasonal and temporary nature of their employment, as well as the high supply of agricultural laborers relative to the demand. As a result, agricultural laborers may earn wages below the statutory minimum wages set by the government. This can lead to economic challenges and difficulties in meeting their basic needs and improving their standard of living.

Overall, the three characteristics mentioned above - not owning land, working for others, and receiving lower wages - are commonly observed in agricultural labor. These characteristics highlight the unique nature of agricultural work and the challenges faced by those engaged in this sector.

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Directions: Please read the passage and answer the questions that follows.Another significant change in rural society that is linked to the commercialisation of agriculture has been the growth of migrant agricultural labour. As ‘traditional’ bonds of patronage between labourers or tenants and landlords broke down, and as the seasonal demand for agricultural labour increased in prosperous Green Revolution regions such as the Punjab, a pattern of seasonal migration emerged in which thousands of workers circulate between their home villages and more prosperous areas where there is more demand for labour and higher wages. Labourers migrate also due to the increasing inequalities in rural areas from the mid-1990s, which have forced many households to combine multiple occupations to sustain themselves. As a livelihood strategy, men migrate out periodically in search of work and better wages, while women and children are often left behind in their villages with elderly grandparents.Migrant workers come mainly from drought- prone and less productive regions, and they go to work for part of the year on farms in the Punjab and Haryana, or on brick kilns in U.P., or construction sites in cities such as New Delhi or Bangalore. These migrant workers have been termed ‘footloose labour’ by Jan Breman, but thisdoes not imply freedom. Breman’s (1985) study shows, to the contrary, that landless workers do not have many rights, for instance, they are usually not paid the minimum wage. It should be noted here that wealthy farmers often prefer to employ migrant workers for harvesting and other such intensive operations, rather than the local working class, because migrants are more easily exploited and can be paid lower wages. This preference has produced a peculiar pattern in some areas where the local landless labourers move out of the home villages in search of work during the peak agricultural seasons, while migrant workers are brought in from other areas to work on the local farms. This pattern is found especially in sugarcane growing areas.Migration and lack of job security have created very poor working and living conditions for these workers.Q. What kind of process is the above passage reflecting?

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Directions: Please read the passage and answer the questions that follows.Another significant change in rural society that is linked to the commercialisation of agriculture has been the growth of migrant agricultural labour. As ‘traditional’ bonds of patronage between labourers or tenants and landlords broke down, and as the seasonal demand for agricultural labour increased in prosperous Green Revolution regions such as the Punjab, a pattern of seasonal migration emerged in which thousands of workers circulate between their home villages and more prosperous areas where there is more demand for labour and higher wages. Labourers migrate also due to the increasing inequalities in rural areas from the mid-1990s, which have forced many households to combine multiple occupations to sustain themselves. As a livelihood strategy, men migrate out periodically in search of work and better wages, while women and children are often left behind in their villages with elderly grandparents.Migrant workers come mainly from drought- prone and less productive regions, and they go to work for part of the year on farms in the Punjab and Haryana, or on brick kilns in U.P., or construction sites in cities such as New Delhi or Bangalore. These migrant workers have been termed ‘footloose labour’ by Jan Breman, but thisdoes not imply freedom. Breman’s (1985) study shows, to the contrary, that landless workers do not have many rights, for instance, they are usually not paid the minimum wage. It should be noted here that wealthy farmers often prefer to employ migrant workers for harvesting and other such intensive operations, rather than the local working class, because migrants are more easily exploited and can be paid lower wages. This preference has produced a peculiar pattern in some areas where the local landless labourers move out of the home villages in search of work during the peak agricultural seasons, while migrant workers are brought in from other areas to work on the local farms. This pattern is found especially in sugarcane growing areas.Migration and lack of job security have created very poor working and living conditions for these workers.Q. Out of the following which factor is NOT responsible for the migration of worker?

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Directions: Please read the passage and answer the questions that follows.Another significant change in rural society that is linked to the commercialisation of agriculture has been the growth of migrant agricultural labour. As ‘traditional’ bonds of patronage between labourers or tenants and landlords broke down, and as the seasonal demand for agricultural labour increased in prosperous Green Revolution regions such as the Punjab, a pattern of seasonal migration emerged in which thousands of workers circulate between their home villages and more prosperous areas where there is more demand for labour and higher wages. Labourers migrate also due to the increasing inequalities in rural areas from the mid-1990s, which have forced many households to combine multiple occupations to sustain themselves. As a livelihood strategy, men migrate out periodically in search of work and better wages, while women and children are often left behind in their villages with elderly grandparents.Migrant workers come mainly from drought- prone and less productive regions, and they go to work for part of the year on farms in the Punjab and Haryana, or on brick kilns in U.P., or construction sites in cities such as New Delhi or Bangalore. These migrant workers have been termed ‘footloose labour’ by Jan Breman, but thisdoes not imply freedom. Breman’s (1985) study shows, to the contrary, that landless workers do not have many rights, for instance, they are usually not paid the minimum wage. It should be noted here that wealthy farmers often prefer to employ migrant workers for harvesting and other such intensive operations, rather than the local working class, because migrants are more easily exploited and can be paid lower wages. This preference has produced a peculiar pattern in some areas where the local landless labourers move out of the home villages in search of work during the peak agricultural seasons, while migrant workers are brought in from other areas to work on the local farms. This pattern is found especially in sugarcane growing areas.Migration and lack of job security have created very poor working and living conditions for these workers.Q. Why do wealthy farmers give preference to migrant workers over local working clan for harvesting and other intensive operations ?

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Which of the following is/are the characteristics of the agricultural labour?a)they own no land of their ownb)they work for othersc)they are more often paid less wages I.e. below the statutory minimum wagesd)all the aboveCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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