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All questions of Control and Coordination for A Level Exam

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Which one of the following diseases in man belongs to the same catagory as haemophilia :-
  • a)
    Hyper matropia
  • b)
    Rabies
  • c)
    Night blindness
  • d)
    Colour blindness
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Sathvika Tadri answered
Haemophilia is an X-linked reccesive disorder and colour blindness is also an X-linked reccesive disorder.so the option is D as they both belong to same category

Area of most active vision in eye where sharp image is formed is called 
  • a)
    Blind spot
  • b)
    Yellow spot
  • c)
    Lens
  • d)
    Pupil
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Neha Joshi answered
The yellow spot or macula is an oval yellow spot near the centre of the retina of the human eye. It has a size of 1.5 millimeters. It is specialized for seeing things with highest clearness or visual acuity. It is the area of best vision, where maximum amount of rod cells and cone cells are present.

Which part of the brain is affected first in a drunk person :
[Bihar-2004]
  • a)
    Cerebrum
  • b)
    Olfactory lobe
  • c)
    Cerebellum
  • d)
    Medulla oblongata
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Swati Verma answered
When a person gets addicted to alcohol, many serious health problems can occur due to consumption of alcohol. The first part of brain to be affected first is Cerebellum. The will power and self control of the person gets reduced. Control over emotions and moral sense also gets reduced. Loss of muscle coordination also occurs as cerebellum is affected. As a result, speech becomes incoherent. Inflammation of axons also occur which causes neuritis.

Piamater is :-
  • a)
    Inner most meninge
  • b)
    Middle meninge
  • c)
    Outer meninge
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Kumar answered
Remember it as "DAP" i.e.; from outer to inner.. D-> Dura mater.... A-> Arachnoid.... P-> Pia mater....

Which one of the following menix is present only in mammalian brain :-
  • a)
    Duramater
  • b)
    Arachnoid
  • c)
    Piamater
  • d)
    None of them
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Kadambala Hemalatha answered
Option B is correct becose mammals brain mainly contains tree meninges.. outer durameter ,middle archinoid mater, inner pia meter.. the space between durameter and arachenoid meter is called subdural space.. this space contains ceribro spinal fluid ..space between archinoid mater and pia meter is called subarchenoid space.. presence of arachenoid meter is the character stick of mammals.. it is only present mammals not any other animals..

Chemical transmission of nerve impulses from one neuron to another at a synapse is by :-
  • a)
    Cholesterol
  • b)
    Acetylcholine
  • c)
    Cholecystokinin
  • d)
    ATP
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Nirvikar Shakya answered
Acetylchiline is the chemical synthesysi by mitochondria of pre synapse neuron by the enzyme cholinesterase . And this chemical is temporarily stored at synaptic knob in the synaptic vesicles and when impulse reached the end of pre synaptic knob then this chemical is released (here Ca++ ion playes important role) in the synaptic cleft and binds to its receptores present on the post syneptic membrane and helps the ligand gated channels to open and influx of Na+ takes place and which triggers the generation of impulse in the post syneptic neuron . IN THIS WAY THE CHEMICAL ACETYLCHOLINE HELPS IN TRANSMISSION OF IMPULSE BETWEEN THE NEURONS.

Outer most covering of brain is called :-
  • a)
    Choroid
  • b)
    Duramater
  • c)
    Piamater
  • d)
    Arachnoid
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Hitakshi 💞💞 answered
Three layers of membranes known as meninges protect the brain and spinal cord. The delicate inner layer is the pia mater. The middle layer is the arachnoid, a web-like structure filled with fluid that cushions the brain. The outermost tough and fibrous layer is called the duramater.Hence, the correct answer is option 'B'.

Unit of nervous system :-
  • a)
    Neuron
  • b)
    Neuroglia
  • c)
    Axon
  • d)
    Cyton
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Kumar answered
I have uploaded a document on 'unit of classification'...check it from my timeline under ""¤docs & videos""....it might help u...

Find out the mismatched pair :
  • a)
    visual area → occipital lobe
  • b)
    general sensory area → parietal lobe
  • c)
    smell area → frontal lobe
  • d)
    speech area→ parietal lobe
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Jatin Chakraborty answered
Different parts of human brain have specializedarea for different receptors. Visual area is located in occipital lobe. General sensory area are located in parietal lobe, smell area is located in frontal area. Speech area is not located in parietal lobe.

Pigmented layer in eye is called
  • a)
    Cornea
  • b)
    Sclerotic
  • c)
    Retina
  • d)
    All
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Krishna Iyer answered
The retina makes up the inner layer and occupies only the posterior two-third of the eye. The retina consists of several layers of cells, including the rods and cones, the sensory cells, that respond to light. The tips of the rods and cones are embedded in a pigmented layer of cells on the back of the retina. The pigment helps prevent light from scattering in the back of the eye.

When sodium and potassium pump is activated, for (a) Na+ ion, (b) K+ ion are exchanged ?
  • a)
    a = one , b= two
  • b)
    a = three , b= two
  • c)
    a = two, b= four
  • d)
    a = one, b= three
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajat Kapoor answered
Correct option is (d)
The velocity of conduction of nerve impulse in frog is 30 metres per second and that of mammal is 120 metres per second. The threshold value of any nerve fibre is the minimum strength of stimulus which initiates action potential in that nerve fibre.

Which of these structures is present in both non-myelinated and myelinated neurons?
  • a)
    Myelin forming Schwan cells
  • b)
    Nissl’s granules
  • c)
    Myelin sheath 
  • d)
    Nodes of Ranvier
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjali Iyer answered
Correct answer is Nissl’s granules.
Non-myelinated neurons lack myelinated axons. Hence, myelin forming Schwan cells, which surround and form myelin, are absent. Nodes of Ranvier are also absent as they are the points between two adjacent myelin sheaths.

Which part of the brain regulates the body temperature, hunger and water balance :-
  • a)
    Hypothalamus
  • b)
    Infundibulum
  • c)
    Medulla oblongata
  • d)
    Pons veroli
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Kuldeep Raj answered
Option a is correct friend. Because, Hypothalamus controls Water balance, Appetite (Hunger), Sleep, Body temperature.

To remember the function of Hypothalamus, make the code "WASTE" where,

"W" stands for "Water balance",
"A" stands for "Appetite (Hunger)",
"S" stands for "Sleep",
"TE" stands for "body TEmperature".

Most of the involuntary action are controlled by :-
  • a)
    Medulla oblongata
  • b)
    Cerebrum
  • c)
    Cerebellum
  • d)
    Diencephalon
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Lavanya Menon answered
Involuntary actions are those action that controlled by medulla oblongata which is a part of the autonomous nervous system where as voluntary actions are controlled by the cerebellum. The medulla oblongata directly controls heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing and digestion. It is located in the hindbrain, anterior to the cerebellum. It is a cone-shaped and contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers. Hence, the correct answer is option C.

Voluntary activities of body are controlled by :-
  • a)
    Diencephalon
  • b)
    Cerebrum
  • c)
    Crura cerebri
  • d)
    Cerebellum
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Kapoor answered
Cerebrum : Cerebrum is divided into 5 lobes (a) frontal (b) parietal, (c) occipital, (d) temporal and (e) Insula. A lobe called insula is hidden as it lies deep in the sylvian fissure. The cerebral hemisphere are separated from olfactory lobes by rhinal fissure. The median fissure divides the cerebrum into a right and a left cerebral hemisphere. cerebrum is the controller of your activities. 

If pons is destroyed, then which activity of body is affected mostly ?
  • a)
    Respiration is not controlled properly
  • b)
    Tachycardia
  • c)
    Die immediately
  • d)
    No much effect
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajat Kapoor answered
Without the Pons, the brain would not be able to function because messages would not be able to be transmitted,or passed along.Damage to the Pons will result in a range of effects on sleep. For example, damage to certain parts of the Pons can put a person into a semi-permanent sleep-like state.

To correct myopia vision one should use 
  • a)
    Convex lens
  • b)
    Concave lens
  • c)
    Plane lens
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Kuldeep Kuldeep answered
In order to correct Myopia vision, Concave lens should be used. Because, a person with Myopia can see the nearer objects clearly but can't see distant objects clearly due to the image formation occurs in front of Retina. So, we can see the nearer objects clearly. To do the correction for the eye defect Myopia, we should use Concave lens of suitable focal length. So, Option b is correct friend.

 If cerebellum of man gets damaged, his movement become :-
  • a)
    Shaky  & speech become defective
  • b)
    Unbalanced, walk uncontrolled, defective speech & intention tremor
  • c)
    Jerky & defective speech
  • d)
    Jerky & walked uncontrolled
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Pramod Bohara answered
Cerebellum also called a small brain
coordinates muscular movements and maintains our body posture apart from this it is a main centre for skeletal muscles activities
So yes obviously the correct answer will be (B)

Nissl's bodies found in neurons are :-
  • a)
    Made of DNA
  • b)
    Masses of ribosome and RER
  • c)
    Help in formation of neurofibrils
  • d)
    Masses of mitochondria
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajeev Saxena answered
A Nissl body, also known as Nissl substance and Nissl material, is a large granular body found in neurons. These granules are of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with rosettes of free ribosomes, and are the site of protein synthesis.

In mammals, the brain centre, which regulates body temperature is situated in :

[UP-CPMT 2001]

a)hypothalamus
b)Olfactory lobe
c)Cerebellum
d)Medulla oblongata
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Prasenjit Pillai answered
The core temperature of a human is regulated and stabilized primarily by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain linking the endocrine system to the nervous system, and more specifically by the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and the adjacent preoptic area regions of the hypothalamus.

Nissl’s granules are made up of:      [Bihar-2004]
  • a)
    RER bodies
  • b)
    DNA
  • c)
    carbohydrate
  • d)
    Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anurag Yadav answered
Nissl granules are made of ribosomes & endoplasmic reticulum found in Cyton and dendron & it'd primary function is protein synthesis.

The common defect of eye which develops in old age is 
  • a)
    Glaucoma
  • b)
    Astigmatism
  • c)
    Presbyopia
  • d)
    Myopia
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Raghav Bansal answered
Presbyopia occurs due to decrease in the power of accommodation of the eye usually because of ageing which causes gradual weakening of the ciliary muscles and diminishes flexibility of the eye lens.

Brain stem is the support system of brain and is the collective name for :
  • a)
    Medulla, Pons,and Midbrain
  • b)
    Hypothalamus, Diencephalon, Cerebellum, and Pons
  • c)
    Cerebrum, Mesencephalon, Diencephalon, and Medulla
  • d)
    Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, Pons, and Medulla
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Pritam Choudhary answered
Brainstem: The Support System of Brain
The brainstem is the lower part of the brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord. It is responsible for regulating important functions such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and consciousness. The brainstem consists of three main parts, which are:

Medulla
The medulla oblongata, or simply the medulla, is the lowest part of the brainstem. It controls involuntary functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and digestion. The medulla also contains reflex centers for coughing, sneezing, and vomiting.

Pons
The pons is the middle part of the brainstem, located above the medulla and below the midbrain. It is involved in the regulation of sleep, respiration, and posture. The pons also helps to relay messages between different parts of the brain.

Midbrain
The midbrain, also known as the mesencephalon, is the uppermost part of the brainstem. It is involved in the regulation of vision, hearing, and movement. The midbrain contains several important structures, including the substantia nigra, which produces dopamine and is involved in the control of movement.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the brainstem is the support system of the brain and is responsible for regulating vital functions. It consists of three main parts, which are the medulla, pons, and midbrain. The medulla controls involuntary functions such as breathing and heartbeat, the pons is involved in the regulation of sleep and posture, and the midbrain is responsible for vision, hearing, and movement.

Integrative system in the body are :-
  • a)
    Endocrine system
  • b)
    Nervous system
  • c)
    Blood vascular system
  • d)
    Both 1 & 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Om Desai answered
Both endocrine and nervous system are the integrative system in the body. 
The nervous system has three overlapping functions. These functions are based on the sensory input, integration and motor output. The nervous system is a highly integrated system, the control center of which is the brain.
Endocrine system has organs such as Thyroid, Pituitary glands that secrete hormones which regulate body functions. Hence, option D is correct.

Tear is a 
  • a)
    Secretory fluid                     
  • b)
    Excretory fluid
  • c)
     Pure fluid
  • d)
    Lymphatic fluid
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Saumya Sarkar answered
Tear is a Secretory Fluid

Explanation:

Tear is a fluid that is produced by the lacrimal gland, which is located in the upper outer portion of the eye socket. Tear is a secretory fluid that is made up of several components, including:

1. Water - Tears are mostly made up of water, which helps to keep the eye moist and lubricated.

2. Salt - Tears contain salt, which helps to keep the eye clean by killing bacteria and other harmful organisms.

3. Enzymes - Tears contain enzymes that help to break down bacteria and other harmful substances.

4. Proteins - Tears contain proteins that help to protect the eye and keep it healthy.

5. Mucus - Tears contain mucus, which helps to keep the eye's surface smooth and free of debris.

Functions of Tears:

Tears serve several important functions in the eye, including:

1. Lubrication - Tears help to keep the eye moist and lubricated, which helps to prevent dryness and irritation.

2. Protection - Tears help to protect the eye from bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances.

3. Cleansing - Tears help to cleanse the eye by flushing out debris, dirt, and other particles.

4. Emotional expression - Tears can be produced in response to emotions such as sadness, joy, or frustration.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, tear is a secretory fluid that is produced by the lacrimal gland in the eye. It is made up of water, salt, enzymes, proteins, and mucus, and serves several important functions in the eye, including lubrication, protection, cleansing, and emotional expression.

When a nerve fibers is stimulated the inside of the membrane becomes :-
  • a)
    Filled with acetyl choline
  • b)
    Negatively charged
  • c)
    Positively charged
  • d)
    Neutral
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Syed Hussain answered
Muscle spindles are sensitive to changes in velocity and are innervated by type 1anerve fibers. These afferent nerve fibersconduct the impulse directly to the spinal cord, where they are immediately conducted via interneurons to alpha motor neurons, which stimulate musclecontraction.

Pigmented layer in eye is called :-
  • a)
    Cornea
  • b)
    Sclerotic
  • c)
    Retina
  • d)
    All
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Gaurav Kumar answered
The retina makes up the inner layer and occupies only the posterior two-third of the eye. The retina consists of several layers of cells, including the rods and cones, the sensory cells, that respond to light. The tips of the rods and cones are embedded in a pigmented layer of cells on the back of the retina. The pigment helps prevent light from scattering in the back of the eye.

In man nictitating membrane is
  • a)
    Absent
  • b)
    Vestigeal         
  • c)
    Non-functional
  • d)
    Functional
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

T.ttttt answered
Eye. The plica semilunaris is a small fold of tissue on the inside corner of the eye. It is the vestigial remnant of the nictitating membrane, an organ that is fully functional in some other species of mammals. Its associated muscles are also vestigial

The aperture controlling the light entering in eye is called 
  • a)
    Iris
  • b)
    Pupil
  • c)
    Blind spot
  • d)
    Sclerotic layer
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Shalini... answered
The pupil is a hole or aperture in the middle of the iris. Iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil. The point of exit of optic nerve from eye forms a “blind spot” in the retina. The sclera is the white and opaque outer layer of the eyeball.

Which statement is wrong about the function of brain
  • a)
    Hypothalamus mainly controls A.N.S.
  • b)
    Voluntary muscle activity is started by cerebellum
  • c)
    Medulla oblongata regulates involuntary activity of our body
  • d)
    Thalamus is responsible for crude sensation
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohit Shah answered
The autonomic nervous system is regulated by the hypothalamus and the brain stem, overseeing functions such as respiration rate, heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and sweating. Voluntary muscle activity is governed by the motor cortex in the cerebrum, while the cerebellum coordinates these voluntary movements. The medulla oblongata, a part of the brain stem, controls involuntary activities like respiration and blood pressure. Sensations from the skin to the thalamus travel through the spinothalamic pathway.

The functional connection between two neurons is called :-
  • a)
    Synapse
  • b)
    Synapsis
  • c)
    Chiasma
  • d)
    Chiasmata
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Baby Ghosh answered
Synapse..Synapse,also called neural junction.The site of transmission of eletric nerve impulses between two nerve cells (Neuron).And between a neuron and a gland or muscle cell (Effecter).A synaptic connection between a neuron and a muscle cell is called Neuromuscular Junction.

Arrangement of ear ossicles, starting from ear drum is  
  • a)
    Stapes, malleus, incus
  • b)
    Malleus, incus, stapes
  • c)
    Incus, stapes, malleus
  • d)
    Stapes, incus, malleus
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Lavanya Menon answered
The ear ossicles are three bones present in middle ear, they are among the smallest bones in the human body. They serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth (cochlea).
Arrangement of ear ossicles, starting from ear drum is the malleus, incus, and stapes, shapes resembles of the hammer, anvil, and stirrup respectively.
As sound waves vibrate the tympanic membrane (eardrum), it in turn moves the nearest ossicle, the malleus, to which it is attached. The malleus then transmits the vibrations, via the incus, to the stapes, and so ultimately to the membrane of the fenestra ovalis, the opening to the vestibule of the inner ear. Hence option B is correct.

Which of the following is responsible for control of reflex actions :-
  • a)
    Motor nerves
  • b)
    Sensory nerves
  • c)
    Central nervous system
  • d)
    Sympathetic nervous system
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rahul Negi answered
A reflex arc is a neural pathway, that controls an action reflex. In higher animals, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord (central nervous system). This characteristic allows reflex actions to occur relatively quickly by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of sending signals through the brain.

Purely motor cranial nerve includes :-
  • a)
    I, V, VII
  • b)
    I, II, IV
  • c)
    III, IV,  VI, XI
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Arya Rane answered
Motor neuron is the type of neuron which carries information from CNS to muscles to give the response to the stimulus.
There are 5 pairs of pure motor cranial neurons present in human-like :
III - oculomotor - origins at the floor of midbrain - helps in eyeball movement and accommodation.
IV - trochlear - origins at the floor of midbrain - helps in eyeball movement. VI - abducens - origins at the floor of medulla oblongata - helps in the lateral movement of the eyeball.
XI - spinal accessory - origins from the side of medulla oblongata - helps in neck movement, shoulder and visceral reflexes.
XII- hypoglossal - origins from the side of medulla oblongata - helps in tongue movement.

On the cerebrum of rabbit, gyri and sulci are :-
  • a)
    Poorly developed
  • b)
    Best developed
  • c)
    Vestigeal
  • d)
    Absent all together
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anbu Eswar answered
The sulci and gyri present in the brain determines the IQ level of a person....as the rabbit has no IQ ..the sulci and gyri are poorly developed in it...

 The "butter fly" like structure surrounding the central of human's spinal cord is called :-
  • a)
    Funiculus
  • b)
    Horn
  • c)
    White matter
  • d)
    Gray matter
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Priya Menon answered
The grey matter, in the center of the cord, is shaped like a butterfly and consists of cell bodies of interneurons and motor neurons, as well as neuroglia cells and unmyelinated axons. Projections of the grey matter (the “wings”) are called horns.

Between malleus & incus is found
  • a)
    Synovial hinge joint
  • b)
    Synovial ball socket joint        
  • c)
     Pivot joint
  • d)
    Glinding jont 
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Shanaya Sengupta answered
The malleus, the incus and the stapes are the three ossicles of the middle ear. The malleus articulates with the incus through the Synovial hinge joint and is attached to the tympanic membrane (eardrum), from which vibrational sound pressure motion is passed. The incus is connected to both the other bones. The stapes articulates with the incus through ball and socket joint and is attached to the membrane of the fenestra ovalis (opening between the middle ear) and the vestibule of the inner ear.

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