All questions of The Freedom Struggle for Delhi Police Constable Exam

Japan, Germany, China, Italy, Thailand, and Philippines recognized the Provisional Government of Azad Hind.

M.G. Ranade founded the Indian National Social Conference in 1887. This organization aimed to address social issues and promote social reforms in India. It provided a platform for discussing and finding solutions to various social problems prevalent during that time.

Background:
Bal Gangadhar Tilak, also known as Lokmanya Tilak, was a prominent Indian nationalist leader, social reformer, and freedom fighter during the Indian independence movement. He played a significant role in mobilizing the masses against British colonial rule in India.

Father of Indian Unrest:
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak is often referred to as the "Father of Indian Unrest" due to his revolutionary ideas and efforts to challenge British authority in India.
- He was a strong advocate for Swaraj or self-rule and believed in the importance of mass agitation to achieve independence from British rule.
- Tilak's nationalist activities, speeches, and writings inspired a sense of patriotism and national pride among Indians, leading to widespread anti-British sentiments.

Contribution to Indian Nationalism:
- Tilak was a key figure in the Indian National Congress and the extremist wing of the freedom movement, advocating for more radical measures to achieve independence.
- He popularized the slogan "Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it," which became a rallying cry for the freedom struggle.
- Tilak's efforts to unite people across different regions, religions, and social classes played a crucial role in fostering a sense of unity and solidarity among Indians.

Legacy:
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak's contributions to the Indian independence movement and his role as a prominent nationalist leader have earned him the title of the "Father of Indian Unrest."
- His ideas and actions laid the groundwork for future generations of freedom fighters and played a significant role in shaping the course of India's struggle for independence.

The Swadeshi Movement started in 1905, marking a major leap forward for the Indian National movement.

Subhas Chandra Bose resigned from the Congress presidentship in 1940 due to the controversy surrounding the nomination of the members of the Congress Working Committee.

The Extremist faction within the Indian National Congress was led by B. G. Tilak. He advocated for more radical methods and harbored separatist tendencies. His followers included prominent leaders like Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chander Pal.

After the Wavell Plan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah became the unquestioned leader of Indian Muslims.

Factors leading to the rise of the Swadeshi Movement:

Callousness and repression of the Anglo-Indian bureaucracy:
- The callous attitude of the Anglo-Indian bureaucracy towards the needs and grievances of the Indian population played a significant role in fueling the Swadeshi Movement.
- The repressive policies and actions of the British government, such as the Partition of Bengal in 1905, further aggravated the situation and led to widespread discontent among the people.

Frustration and disillusionment among nationalists at British attitude in initiating political reforms:
- Nationalists were frustrated with the British government's reluctance to grant meaningful political reforms and representation to Indians.
- The lack of progress in addressing Indian demands for self-governance and participation in decision-making processes contributed to the growing disillusionment among nationalists.

Rising aspirations of the educated class:
- The educated class in India, particularly the younger generation of students and professionals, began to aspire for self-rule and greater autonomy from British colonial rule.
- Influenced by nationalist ideals and inspired by leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai, the educated class played a crucial role in mobilizing support for the Swadeshi Movement.

Conclusion:
The convergence of these factors - the callousness of the Anglo-Indian bureaucracy, frustration with British political reforms, and the rising aspirations of the educated class - collectively contributed to the rise of the Swadeshi Movement in India. This movement marked a significant turning point in the Indian independence struggle and laid the foundation for future mass movements against British colonial rule.

The leaders in favor of extending the Swadeshi movement to the rest of India were Tilak, Pal, and Lajpat Rai.

Subhas Chandra Bose collaborated with Rash Bihari Bose to organize the Indian National Army (INA).

Rash Bihari Bose:
Rash Bihari Bose was a revolutionary leader who played a significant role in the Indian independence movement. He was one of the key figures who helped Subhas Chandra Bose in organizing the Indian National Army.

Collaboration:
- Subhas Chandra Bose met Rash Bihari Bose in Japan during his exile and sought his support to establish the INA.
- Rash Bihari Bose, who had been involved in revolutionary activities against British rule, provided valuable guidance and support to Bose in organizing the INA.
- Under their collaboration, the INA was formed with the aim of fighting against the British forces in India and liberating the country from colonial rule.
- Rash Bihari Bose's experience and expertise in revolutionary activities were instrumental in shaping the strategies and operations of the INA.

Legacy:
- The collaboration between Subhas Chandra Bose and Rash Bihari Bose led to the formation of the INA, which played a significant role in the Indian independence movement.
- The INA inspired and motivated thousands of Indian soldiers to join the struggle for independence and fight against the British forces.
- The legacy of their collaboration continues to be remembered and celebrated in India's history as a symbol of the unity and determination of the Indian people in their fight for freedom.

Overview of Cripps' Proposals
The Cripps Mission, led by Stafford Cripps in March 1942, aimed to secure Indian cooperation in World War II. The proposals presented were significant as they sought to address Indian aspirations for self-governance while maintaining British control.
Main Points of Cripps' Proposals
- Creation of a New Indian Union
- The proposals advocated for a new Indian Union composed of British India and the princely states.
- An elected body was to be established for constitution-making, enabling Indian leaders to participate in the governance process.
- Acceptance of the New Constitution Subject to Two Conditions
- The proposed constitution needed to be accepted by the Indian leadership, but with the caveat that it could be rejected by any state or province.
- This condition aimed to ensure that no region felt forced into the new governance structure without consent.
- Defence of India Remaining in British Hands
- During the interim period, defense and control of military operations were to remain under British authority.
- This condition was crucial for Britain to maintain its strategic interests while transitioning to a more autonomous Indian governance structure.
Conclusion
In summary, the Cripps proposals encompassed a comprehensive approach to Indian self-rule while ensuring British interests were safeguarded. The combination of creating a new Indian Union, the acceptance of the constitution with conditions, and retaining defense control underscored the complexities of colonial negotiations. Therefore, the correct answer is indeed option 'D', as all three points were integral to the proposals put forth by Cripps.

Muslim League Dominance in Indian Elections of 1945-46
The Muslim League dominated Muslim opinion during the Indian elections of 1945-46 for several reasons.

Two-Nation Theory
- The Muslim League, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, championed the idea of the Two-Nation Theory, which argued that Hindus and Muslims were distinct nations and therefore deserved separate nations.
- This theory gained traction among Muslims who felt marginalized in a predominantly Hindu-majority Congress party.

Demand for Pakistan
- The Muslim League's demand for a separate Muslim-majority state, Pakistan, resonated with many Muslims who felt that their interests would not be adequately represented in a united India.
- This demand garnered widespread support among Muslims during the elections.

Leadership of Jinnah
- Muhammad Ali Jinnah's charismatic leadership and advocacy for Muslim rights played a significant role in garnering support for the Muslim League.
- His ability to articulate the grievances and aspirations of the Muslim community further solidified the party's dominance in Muslim opinion.

Congress-Muslim League Rivalry
- The strained relationship between the Congress party and the Muslim League, exacerbated by the failure to reach a consensus on power-sharing and minority rights, pushed many Muslims towards supporting the Muslim League.
- The escalating tensions between the two parties ultimately led to the partition of India in 1947.
In conclusion, the Muslim League's advocacy for the Two-Nation Theory, demand for Pakistan, leadership of Jinnah, and rivalry with the Congress party were key factors that contributed to its dominance in Muslim opinion during the Indian elections of 1945-46.

Expansion of legislative councils:
The Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 aimed to expand the legislative councils in British India. This involved increasing the number of members in the councils, which allowed for more representation from diverse communities and regions.

Introduction of communal electorates:
Another important provision of the Morley-Minto Reforms was the introduction of communal electorates. This meant that seats were reserved for different religious communities, such as Muslims, Sikhs, and Hindus. This move was seen as a way to ensure representation for minority groups in the legislative councils.

Enlarged powers of legislative councils:
The reforms also granted enlarged powers to the legislative councils. This included giving them more authority in making laws and regulations for their respective regions. The councils were now able to discuss and debate various issues, providing a platform for political participation and representation.

All of the above:
In conclusion, the important provisions of the Morley-Minto Reforms included the expansion of legislative councils, introduction of communal electorates, and enlarged powers for the councils. These reforms were significant in shaping the political landscape of British India and paving the way for greater representation and participation in governance.

The correct answer is option 'D' - II Round Table Conference. Let's delve into the details of the conference and the context behind it.

II Round Table Conference:
The II Round Table Conference was held in London from September 7 to December 1, 1931. It was organized by the British government to discuss constitutional reforms in India. The conference aimed to bring together representatives from various Indian communities and political parties to find a solution to the constitutional issues faced by India.

Context:
During the early 20th century, India was striving for independence from British colonial rule. Different political leaders had varying approaches and ideologies regarding the path to independence. The relationship between Mahatma Gandhi and M.A. Jinnah, two prominent figures in the Indian independence movement, was complex and marked by ideological differences.

Gandhi and Jinnah:
Gandhi, known for his non-violent resistance and philosophy of Satyagraha, advocated for a united India where Hindus and Muslims would coexist peacefully. On the other hand, Jinnah, a Muslim leader, believed in the creation of a separate nation for Muslims, which eventually led to the formation of Pakistan.

Gandhi's Efforts at II Round Table Conference:
At the II Round Table Conference, Gandhi represented the Indian National Congress (INC) and put forth the Congress demand for complete independence (Purna Swaraj). However, his participation was conditional on the inclusion of M.A. Jinnah, who represented the All India Muslim League (AIML), in the discussions.

Gandhi aimed to win over Jinnah and convince him to support the Congress demand for independence. He recognized the importance of Muslim representation and sought to bridge the gap between Hindus and Muslims in the fight for freedom. Gandhi believed that a united front was crucial for the success of the independence movement.

Outcome:
Unfortunately, Gandhi's efforts to win over Jinnah were not successful during the II Round Table Conference. Jinnah remained steadfast in his demand for a separate Muslim nation and did not support the Congress demand for complete independence.

However, the II Round Table Conference played a significant role in shaping the political landscape of India. It highlighted the diverse opinions and aspirations of different communities and parties, paving the way for future negotiations and discussions on the future of India's governance.

In conclusion, Gandhi's attempt to win over M.A. Jinnah took place at the II Round Table Conference, where he aimed to bridge the gap between Hindus and Muslims in the fight for independence. Although his efforts were not fruitful, the conference played a crucial role in shaping the political discourse in India.

Lord Dufferin
Lord Dufferin, who served as the Viceroy of India from 1884 to 1888, wanted to establish a body similar to Her Majesty's Opposition in England within the Indian legislative council. This was a significant departure from the existing political structure in India, where the Viceroy and the British government held significant power without much opposition.

Reason for wanting a body similar to Her Majesty's Opposition
Lord Dufferin believed that having an organized opposition within the Indian legislative council would help in promoting healthy debates, ensuring accountability of the government, and providing a platform for diverse viewpoints to be heard. This move was aimed at increasing the participation of Indians in the political process and fostering a more representative form of governance.

Challenges faced
However, Lord Dufferin faced resistance from various quarters, including the British government and some members of the Indian political elite, who were wary of the implications of introducing a formal opposition in India. Despite these challenges, Lord Dufferin continued to advocate for the establishment of such a body, emphasizing the importance of political reforms and the need for greater inclusivity in the decision-making process.

Legacy
Although Lord Dufferin's efforts to create a body similar to Her Majesty's Opposition in India were not fully realized during his tenure, his advocacy for political reforms laid the groundwork for future developments in the Indian political landscape. His vision for a more participatory and representative form of governance contributed to the gradual evolution of the Indian political system towards greater inclusivity and accountability.

The interests of the Sikh minority were not adequately looked after in the Cabinet Mission Plan, while the interests of the Muslim minority were considered.

Background:
Subhas Chandra Bose was a prominent Indian nationalist leader who believed in the use of armed resistance against British colonial rule. He formed the Indian National Army (INA) to fight alongside the Axis powers during World War II.
Declaration on October 2, 1944:
On October 2, 1944, Subhas Chandra Bose made a historic declaration in Singapore, where he announced India's independence through the armed might of the INA. This declaration marked a significant moment in India's struggle for freedom as it emphasized the use of military force to achieve independence.
Significance of the Declaration:
- The declaration reflected Bose's belief in the importance of armed struggle in achieving India's independence.
- It inspired thousands of Indian soldiers who had joined the INA to fight for their country's freedom.
- The declaration sent a strong message to the British colonial authorities that the Indian people were ready to fight for their independence.
Legacy:
Subhas Chandra Bose's declaration on October 2, 1944, demonstrated his unwavering commitment to the cause of Indian independence and his willingness to take bold and decisive action to achieve it. His leadership of the INA and his call for armed resistance left a lasting impact on India's freedom struggle and continues to inspire generations of Indians.

Subhas Chandra Bose's Role in the Indian National Congress:

Swarajist:
- Subhas Chandra Bose was initially aligned with the Swarajist faction within the Indian National Congress, which advocated for complete independence from British rule.
- He was known for his radical views and strong stance against British imperialism.

Lieutenant of C.R. Das:
- Subhas Chandra Bose played a significant role as the lieutenant of C.R. Das, a prominent leader within the Congress party.
- He worked closely with Das to promote the idea of complete independence and was actively involved in various movements and protests against British rule.

Congress President in 1938 and 1939:
- Subhas Chandra Bose served as the President of the Indian National Congress in 1938 and 1939.
- During his presidency, he advocated for a more aggressive approach towards achieving independence, which led to some tensions within the party.
- His presidency marked a shift towards a more radical and militant stance within the Congress party.

Summary:
Subhas Chandra Bose played a multifaceted role within the Indian National Congress, from being a Swarajist advocating for complete independence to serving as the President of the party in 1938 and 1939. His radical views and strong stance against British imperialism made him a prominent figure in the Indian freedom struggle.

The Provisional Government of Independent India (Azad Hind) was set up in 1943.
- **Background:**
During World War II, Subhas Chandra Bose, a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement, sought help from Axis powers to gain independence from British rule. He believed that "an enemy's enemy is a friend" and thus sought support from Germany and Japan.
- **Formation of Azad Hind:**
In October 1943, Bose proclaimed the establishment of the Provisional Government of Free India in Singapore, which was under Japanese occupation at that time. The government was commonly known as Azad Hind.
- **Objectives:**
The main objectives of Azad Hind were to gain independence from British rule, form a united front against colonialism, and establish a government that represented the will of the Indian people.
- **Leadership:**
Subhas Chandra Bose was appointed as the Head of State and Prime Minister of Azad Hind. He also established the Indian National Army (INA) to fight alongside the Japanese against the British forces in Burma and India.
- **Legacy:**
The formation of Azad Hind and the INA had a significant impact on the Indian independence movement. It inspired many Indians to join the struggle for freedom and challenged the British Raj's belief in the loyalty of Indian soldiers.
Overall, the Provisional Government of Independent India (Azad Hind) was a crucial step in the fight for independence and played a significant role in the eventual liberation of India from British colonial rule.

The main aim of the Indian National Congress was to bring together the diverse elements of the Indian population and forge a united national identity. It aimed to create a sense of unity and work towards the mental, moral, social, and political regeneration of the nation.

Cabinet Mission's Recommendation on Pakistan Demand
The Cabinet Mission of 1946 was a significant event in India's struggle for independence. Its recommendations were critical in addressing the various demands from Indian political factions, particularly the Muslim League's demand for Pakistan.
Context of the Demand for Pakistan
- The demand for Pakistan was primarily championed by the All-India Muslim League, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
- The League sought a separate nation for Muslims, arguing that Muslims would not be able to practice their religion freely in a united India.
Cabinet Mission's Stance
- The Cabinet Mission ultimately rejected the demand for Pakistan outright, deeming it impractical at that moment.
- The mission proposed a federal structure that would allow for a degree of autonomy to different regions, without the necessity of partitioning India.
Reasons for Rejection
- Unity and Stability: The Cabinet Mission believed that a united India would be more stable and prosperous.
- Concerns over Violence: Fears of communal violence and disruption were prevalent, and partition was seen as a catalyst for further conflict.
- Negotiation and Compromise: The mission aimed for a negotiated settlement that would preserve unity while addressing the rights of minorities.
Outcome
- The rejection of the Pakistan demand led to further tensions between the Congress and the Muslim League.
- It ultimately laid the groundwork for future negotiations that would lead to the eventual partition of India in 1947, but the Cabinet Mission's initial rejection was pivotal in delaying that decision.
In conclusion, the Cabinet Mission’s recommendation was a strategic rejection of the demand for Pakistan, aiming for a united India through federalism and negotiation.

The political demands of the Moderate leaders included an increase in the employment of Indians to civil services, expansion of membership of legislative bodies, and the repeal of the Sedition Act of 1898.

The main objective of the Swadeshi Movement was to achieve self-reliance and economic independence from British colonial rule. This movement emerged as a response to economic exploitation by the British, leading to a call for Indians to boycott British goods and promote the use of Indian-made products.
Here is a breakdown of the main objectives of the Swadeshi Movement:
- To achieve self-reliance and economic independence: By promoting the use of locally-made goods and boycotting British products, the Swadeshi Movement aimed to reduce dependence on British imports and encourage indigenous industries to flourish. This would help in building a self-reliant economy and reducing economic exploitation by the British.
- To demand political reforms from the British government: In addition to economic objectives, the Swadeshi Movement also sought political reforms from the British government. The movement demanded greater autonomy for Indians in governing their own affairs and protested against oppressive British policies.
- To protest against the partition of Bengal: The Swadeshi Movement was also a response to the partition of Bengal by the British in 1905. This divisive move was seen as an attempt to weaken the nationalist movement in Bengal, leading to widespread protests and calls for unity among Indians.
Overall, the Swadeshi Movement was a significant chapter in India's struggle for independence, as it not only aimed at economic self-sufficiency but also paved the way for a broader movement against British colonial rule.

Mahatma Gandhi emerged as the principal leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. His philosophy of non-violence and civil disobedience played a crucial role in mobilizing the masses and leading India towards independence from British rule.

Dr. Ambedkar criticized Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress in his famous book titled "What Congress and Gandhi have done to the untouchables". This critique highlighted the issues and challenges faced by the marginalized and oppressed sections of society, particularly the untouchables.

Area of Activity for Mrs. Besant's Home Rule League

Overview
Mrs. Besant's Home Rule League was a political organization founded by Annie Besant in 1916 during the Indian independence movement. The league aimed to campaign for self-government or home rule in India.

Area of Activity
- The primary area of activity for Mrs. Besant's Home Rule League was All of India except Maharashtra and C.P.
- While the league focused on advocating for home rule throughout India, it excluded the regions of Maharashtra and C.P. (Central Provinces)

Significance
- The exclusion of Maharashtra and C.P. from the league's area of activity may have been due to various reasons such as the presence of other prominent political movements in those regions or specific local dynamics.
- By concentrating its efforts on the rest of India, the Home Rule League aimed to mobilize support for the cause of self-government and raise awareness about the need for independence from British colonial rule.

Impact
- Mrs. Besant's Home Rule League played a significant role in galvanizing public opinion and fostering a sense of unity among Indians in their struggle for freedom.
- The league's activities and campaigns helped in building momentum for the larger independence movement and laid the foundation for future political developments in India.

In conclusion, Mrs. Besant's Home Rule League focused its area of activity on all of India except Maharashtra and C.P., aiming to advocate for self-government and mobilize support for the cause of independence during the Indian freedom struggle.

Outcome of the Wavell Plan:
The Wavell Plan, also known as the Wavell Mission, was a proposal put forward by the British in 1945 to address the political deadlock in India. The plan had several outcomes that significantly impacted the course of Indian independence movement.

Establishment of Pakistan:
- One of the key outcomes of the Wavell Plan was the acceptance of the idea of a separate Muslim-majority state by the British. This eventually led to the establishment of Pakistan in 1947, as a result of the partition of India.

Failure of the Simla Conference:
- The Simla Conference was convened in 1945 as part of the Wavell Plan to bring the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League together to discuss the future of India. However, the conference failed as the two parties could not reach a consensus, leading to the eventual partition of India.

Release of Congress leaders from jails:
- As part of the Wavell Plan, several Congress leaders who were imprisoned during the Quit India Movement were released. This move was aimed at fostering dialogue between the British and Indian political leaders in order to find a solution to the deadlock.

Conclusion:
The Wavell Plan had far-reaching consequences for the Indian independence movement, ultimately leading to the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan. Despite its failure to bring about a united India, the plan played a significant role in shaping the political landscape of the Indian subcontinent.

The Indian Independence Act, 1947 provided for the division of British Indian territories into two independent dominions of India and Pakistan.

People expressed their opposition to the partition of Bengal by declaring a day of mourning, organizing processions and parades, and symbolizing unity by tying rakhis on each other's hands.

Banaras Session, 1905
The Banaras Session of the Indian National Congress held in 1905 played a significant role in supporting the Swadeshi and boycott movement for Bengal. Let's delve into the details:

Swadeshi Movement
- The Swadeshi movement was launched as a protest against the partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon in 1905.
- It aimed at promoting Indian goods and industries, boycotting British goods, and fostering a sense of national pride and unity among Indians.

Boycott Movement
- The boycott movement was a strategy adopted to protest against the partition of Bengal and British policies.
- It called for the boycott of British goods, institutions, and services as a form of passive resistance.

Support by Banaras Session
- The Banaras Session of the Indian National Congress in 1905 extended its support to the Swadeshi and boycott movement for Bengal.
- Leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Surendranath Banerjee advocated for the movement during this session.
- The session marked a turning point in the Indian independence movement by uniting Indians against British colonial rule.
In conclusion, the Banaras Session of the Indian National Congress in 1905 played a crucial role in supporting the Swadeshi and boycott movement for Bengal. It symbolized the unity and determination of Indians in their struggle for independence against British imperialism.

Sir Syyed Ahmad Khan, a prominent reformer, condemned the system of 'Piri' and 'Muridi'. He sought to reform Muslim society and advocated for monogamy. He played a significant role in education by opening the Anglo-Muslim School at Aligarh in 1875.

In May 1941, Subhas Chandra Bose had a meeting with Adolf Hitler, but Hitler did not accept Bose's suggestion of declaring a free India.

The Cabinet Mission recommended that the representatives for the Constituent Assembly should be elected by the Provincial Legislative Assemblies.

The terms of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact included the restoration of confiscated property to participants in the Salt-Satyagraha and the release of political prisoners. This was seen as a significant step towards reconciliation between the Congress and the British government. The pact also included other provisions, such as the withdrawal of ordinances promulgated during the Satyagraha and permission for peaceful picketing of foreign cloth shops.

Mahatma Gandhi attended the Second Round Table Conference along with other prominent leaders such as Madan Mohan Malaviya, Sarojini Naidu, and B.R. Ambedkar. Despite their participation, no agreed solution could be reached on communal and national problems.

The Extremists had an intense hatred for foreign rule, advocated the policy of pressure to win political rights, and condemned political mendicancy.

The Government of India Act 1935 had several important features. It proposed the establishment of an All India Federation and granted Provincial Autonomy. The power to amend the Constitution was reserved for the British Parliament. Additionally, provisions were made for a Federal Court, Federal Public Service Commission, and other federal institutions.

According to Jinnah's Fourteen Points, Muslim representation in the Central Legislature should be based on the population of Muslims. This meant that the number of Muslim representatives should be proportional to the number of Muslims in the population. Jinnah believed that this would ensure adequate representation and protection of Muslim interests in the legislative process.

The factors that led to the introduction of the Cabinet Mission Plan include the change in the British government with the Labour Government under Attlee assuming office, international pressure for India's independence, the Naval Mutiny of Feb. 1946, and the depletion of Britain's resources in India after World War II.

The Governor-General of each dominion was responsible for the effective operation of the Indian Independence Act.

The main purpose of the Nehru Report was to establish a responsible government in India. This meant that the government would be accountable to the people and would make decisions based on their needs and interests. The report also aimed to guarantee fundamental rights, such as freedom of speech and association, to all citizens of India.

The Dandi March was organized as a form of civil disobedience during the Civil Disobedience Movement. It involved the manufacturing of illegal salt by boiling sea water, as a protest against the British salt tax. Gandhi led a group of followers on a march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, where they made salt by breaking the law imposed by the British government.

The Sharda Act, enacted in 1930, pushed up the marriage age and provided for penal action against child marriages. It was a significant step towards addressing the issue of child marriage in India. B.M. Malabari's efforts against child marriage contributed to the enactment of this act.

The Revolutionary Movement of 1942-43, also known as the Quit India Movement, had profound effects despite not immediately ousting the British from India. The movement revealed that India's youth had grown defiant and were unwilling to tolerate British slavery. It instilled a sense of resistance and determination among the Indian population. Although there was mental depression and disappointment in the following years, the movement left a lasting impact on the fight for independence.

Ramsay MacDonald's declaration at the Second Round Table Conference was immensely dissatisfying because it lacked any reference to the grant of Dominion Status to India, assurance for the establishment of responsible government, and assurance regarding fundamental rights. This omission was a significant drawback for those seeking progress in India's political and constitutional reforms.

The Congress accepted the proposal for partition as a necessary decision in the current circumstances, despite the long-standing dream and struggle for a free, independent and united India, as stated by Jawaharlal Nehru.