All questions of Democratic Politics - II for Class 10 Exam

In a democracy, Power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups.

:- In Flemish region -----> 59% population of Belgium ----- Dutch speaking people :- In Walloon -----> 40% --- French speaking people .

The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over the government by virtue of their majority. The democratically elected government of Sri Lanka adopted a series of majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.

Horizontal distribution of power is called the system of checks and balances.
Power is shared among different organs of the government named legislative, executive and judiciary. Each organ checks the others . Even though ministers and government officials exercise power, they all are responsible to the Parliament or state assemblies. Similarly judges are appointed by the executives ,they can also check the functioning of the executive or the laws made by the Legislature.
Hence , here each organ checks the others . So , this arrangement is known as a system of checks and balances.

**Explanation:**

The correct answer is 'A) Sri Lankan Tamils.'

**Sri Lankan Tamils:**
- Tamil natives of Sri Lanka are referred to as Sri Lankan Tamils.
- They are a distinct ethnic group in Sri Lanka and are predominantly Tamil-speaking.
- They have a long history in the country, and their presence can be traced back to ancient times.
- Sri Lankan Tamils are considered one of the major ethnic groups in Sri Lanka, alongside Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Moors, and Indian Tamils.

**Indian Tamils:**
- Indian Tamils, also known as Hill Country Tamils or Upcountry Tamils, are descendants of Tamil laborers brought to Sri Lanka during the British colonial period.
- They were brought to the country to work on tea plantations in the central highlands.
- Indian Tamils are considered a separate ethnic group from Sri Lankan Tamils due to their distinct historical background and cultural practices.

**Muslim Tamils:**
- The term "Muslim Tamils" is not commonly used to refer to a specific ethnic group in Sri Lanka.
- Sri Lankan Muslims, also known as Moors, are an ethnic minority in the country who primarily practice Islam.
- While there are Tamil-speaking Muslims in Sri Lanka, they are not specifically referred to as "Muslim Tamils."

**Conclusion:**
- Tamil natives of Sri Lanka are called Sri Lankan Tamils, as they are a distinct ethnic group with a long history in the country.
- Other terms such as Indian Tamils and Muslim Tamils refer to different ethnic groups within the larger Tamil community in Sri Lanka.

It has a Protestant majority with a substantial Catholic minority, but is essentially a secular state. Northern Ireland is currently a majority Protestant country. However this appears to be changing, and it is predicted that in 15 - 20 years, there will be more Catholics than Protestants in Northern Ireland.

Power sharing is good as it @ reduce conflicts as each group is equal and has its unique identity @ ensure stability @ promote Harmony and peace

Mahatma Gandhi's view on Religion. Religion was central to Gandhi's life, thought and work .His religious ideas were complex and varied according to the occasion. Writing in 1927 in Young India he said, “It (Hinduism) was the most tolerant of all religions.

In the long run, power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups. Sometimes this kind of sharing can be direct, when two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections. If their alliance is elected, they form a coalition government and thus share power.

Federal Form of Government

A federal form of government is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units. In a federal system, the central government cannot make decisions unilaterally and must work in collaboration with the constituent political units.

Countries with Federal Form of Government

There are several countries around the world that have a federal form of government. Some of the prominent ones are:

- United States of America
- Canada
- Australia
- Brazil
- Mexico
- Germany
- India

Answer Explanation

The correct answer to the question is option C, Australia.

Australia is a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy. It has a parliamentary system of government with the Queen of Australia as the head of state, represented by the Governor-General. The power is divided between the federal government and six states and two territories.

Egypt, Sri Lanka, and England, on the other hand, have a unitary form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of the central government, and there is no division of powers.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that Australia has the federal form of government among the given options. In a federal system, power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, and Australia is an example of such a system.

The Mayor is the head of the municipal corporation, but the role is largely ceremonial as executive powers are vested in the municipal commissioner. The office of the Mayor combines a functional role of chairing the Corporation meeting as well as ceremonial role associated with being the First Citizen of the city. As per the amended Municipal Corporation Act of 1888, a Deputy Mayor is appointed by the Mayor. The tenure of the Mayor and Deputy Mayor is five years.

Sex ratio is used to describe the number of females per 1000 of males. Sex ratio is a valuable source for finding the population of women in India and what is the ratio of women to that of men in India. In the Population Census of 2011 it was revealed that the population ratio in India 2011 is 940 females per 1000 of males. The Sex Ratio 2011 shows an upward trend from the census 2001 data. Census 2001 revealed that there were 933 females to that of 1000 males. Since decades India has seen a decrease in the sex ratio 2011, but since the last two of the decades there has been in slight increase in the sex ratio. Since the last five decades the sex ratio has been moving around 930 of females to that of 1000 of males. 

The correct answer is c.
Integral Humanism, among the guiding precepts of the Bharatiya Janata Party, was first presented by Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya in the form of four lectures delivered in Bombay on April 22-25, 1965.

Power Sharing: Distribution of power among different levels/ organs of government is called power-sharing.

Answer:

Emergence of Sri Lanka as an Independent Country
- Sri Lanka gained independence from British rule on February 4, 1948.
- Before independence, Sri Lanka was known as Ceylon, a British colony since 1815.

Background
- Sri Lanka, like many other countries, had to struggle for its independence.
- In 1915, the Sinhalese-Muslim riots marked the beginning of an anti-colonial movement in the country.
- The Sri Lankan National Congress was formed in 1919, which demanded self-rule for the country.
- The movement gained momentum in the 1930s and 1940s with the formation of the Ceylon National Congress, the Lanka Sama Samaja Party, and the Communist Party of Sri Lanka.

Independence Day
- Sri Lanka celebrates its Independence Day on February 4 every year.
- The day is marked by parades, cultural events, and flag-hoisting ceremonies.

Impact of Independence
- Independence brought about significant changes in Sri Lanka.
- The country adopted a new constitution in 1972, which changed its name from Ceylon to Sri Lanka.
- Sri Lanka became a republic in 1978, and a new constitution was adopted that gave more power to the president.
- The country has faced many challenges since independence, including ethnic tensions, civil war, and economic struggles.

Conclusion
- Sri Lanka's journey to independence was a long and difficult one.
- The country has made significant progress since then, but it still faces many challenges.
- Independence Day is an important occasion for Sri Lankans to reflect on their past and look towards the future.

The division of power involving higher and lower level of governments is called vertical division of power. Vertical division of power refers to sharing of power among different levels of the government - union, state and local government. In this division of power, the local government will work under the union or the state government and the state government will work under the union government.

Community government refers to the government at the local level that is responsible for the administration of a particular community or locality. It includes the local government bodies like Panchayats, Municipalities, and Corporations. The statement that is true about community government is:

Power is shared by different social groups

Explanation:

Community government is based on the concept of decentralization of power. It means that the power is dispersed among different social groups rather than being concentrated in the hands of a few individuals or a single authority. The following points explain how power is shared by different social groups in community government:

1. Democratic principles: Community government is based on the principles of democracy, which means that the power is vested in the people. It is the people who elect their representatives to the local government bodies. Thus, power is shared by the people, who belong to different social groups.

2. Representation: The local government bodies have members who belong to different social groups like caste, gender, religion, etc. This ensures that the interests of all sections of society are represented in the decision-making process.

3. Participation: Community government encourages the participation of people in the decision-making process. The local government bodies conduct meetings, public hearings, and consultations with the people to understand their needs and aspirations. This ensures that the decisions taken are in the interest of the community as a whole.

4. Power-sharing: The local government bodies share power with other social groups like NGOs, community-based organizations, and other stakeholders. This ensures that the decisions taken are not biased towards any particular group and are in the interest of the community as a whole.

Thus, it can be concluded that power is shared by different social groups in community government.

The history of the Republic of India begins on 26 January 1950. The country became an independent nation within the British Commonwealth on 15 August 1947. Concurrently the Muslim-majority northwest and east of British India was separated into the Dominion of Pakistan, by the partition of India. The partition led to a population transfer of more than 10 million people between India and Pakistan and the death of about one million people. Indian National Congress leader Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of India, but the leader most associated with the independence struggle, Mahatma Gandhi, accepted no office. The new constitution of 1950 made India a secular and a democratic country.

Every social difference does not lead to social division. While social differences can often result in divisions, it is not accurate to say that every social difference leads to social division. There are several reasons why this statement is correct.

1. Diversity and Unity:
- Social differences can actually contribute to social unity rather than division. When people from different backgrounds come together and appreciate their differences, it can lead to a more inclusive and harmonious society.
- For example, celebrating cultural diversity through events like multicultural festivals or embracing different languages and traditions can foster a sense of unity among people.

2. Common Interests and Goals:
- Social differences do not necessarily mean that people cannot have common interests or goals. Even though individuals may have different backgrounds, they can still come together based on shared values, beliefs, or aspirations.
- For instance, people from diverse backgrounds can unite for a common cause such as fighting against social injustice or advocating for environmental conservation.

3. Bridging Social Differences:
- Social differences can be minimized or even bridged through effective communication, understanding, and empathy.
- By engaging in dialogue and actively listening to each other's perspectives, people can overcome misunderstandings and find common ground.
- This process of bridging social differences can lead to stronger social cohesion and collaboration.

4. Positive Interaction:
- Social differences can provide opportunities for individuals to learn from each other and broaden their horizons.
- By interacting with people who have different experiences, ideas, and viewpoints, individuals can gain new insights and develop a more inclusive mindset.
- This positive interaction can break down stereotypes and prejudices, fostering a more interconnected society.

In conclusion, every social difference does not lead to social division. While divisions can certainly arise from social differences, it is essential to acknowledge that social differences can also unite people, foster diversity, bridge gaps, and promote a sense of unity. It is important to promote inclusivity, understanding, and respect for diversity to build a more cohesive and harmonious society.

A Chief Minister is the elected head of government of each of Twenty nine states and seven union territories (Delhi and Pondicherry). 

A federal government is a system of dividing up power between a central national government and local state governments that are connected to one another by the national government. Some areas of public life are under the control of the national government, and some areas are under control of the local governments

Explanation:
The statement that is not true is option C, which states that the demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by Tamils in Sri Lanka has been granted. This statement is false because the Sri Lankan government has not fully granted autonomy to the Tamil-dominated provinces.

Details:
• Belgium: In Belgium, leaders realised that unity of the country is possible only by sharing power. The country is divided into two linguistic regions, with each region having its own government and parliament. This system of power sharing has helped to maintain unity in Belgium.

• Sri Lanka: In Sri Lanka, the majority community wants to force domination over others. The Tamil minority has faced discrimination and violence from the Sinhalese majority. The demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by Tamils has not been fully granted by the Sri Lankan government.

• Division of Belgium: The division of Belgium along linguistic lines was averted due to power sharing. This system of power sharing has helped to maintain unity in the country.

In conclusion, option C is not true because the demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by Tamils in Sri Lanka has not been fully granted.

Bcz power shared in different levels...and this helps to reach the need of each nd every individual...

Among different organs - as between legislative(parliament), executive(civil servants) and judiciary(courts)
at various levels - as in federalism between centre , state and local gov.
among social grups - example - seats are reserved for weaker social grups in India

D

Only two parties for man alliance and contest elections. Several parties compete for power. The government is formed by two or more parties coming together.

C is the correct ans. explaination from google not from me..but can be helpful for u ---Raj' literally means governance or government. Mahatma Gandhi advocated Panchayati Raj, a decentralized form of Government where each village is responsible for its own affairs, as the foundation of India's political system. His term for such a vision was "Gram Swaraj" or Village Self-governance. thank u ☺😊😇

Challenge of deepening of democracy is faced by every democratic country

this challenge means that a democratic country has to strengthen the institutions and practices of democracy

and with this it aimed to bring down the control and influence of rich and the powerful people

Local self-government in India refers to governmental jurisdictions below the level of the state. Of the rural local governments, 632 are zila parishad at the district level, 6,672 are panchayat samaiti at the block level, and 255,466 are gram panchayat at the village level.

Answer:

The system of Panchayat Raj in India is a decentralized form of government that aims to bring governance closer to the people at the grassroots level. It involves the establishment of Panchayats at the village, block, and district levels.

Village Level:
At the village level, the Panchayat is the basic unit of the system. It consists of elected representatives known as Panchayat members who are responsible for local governance and decision-making. The Village Panchayat is headed by a Sarpanch who is elected by the members of the Panchayat. The Village Panchayat is responsible for various functions such as maintaining law and order, implementing government schemes, providing basic amenities like water supply and sanitation, and resolving disputes at the village level.

Block Level:
At the block level, several villages are grouped together to form a larger administrative unit called the Block or Taluka. The Block Panchayat consists of elected representatives from the villages within the block. It is headed by a President who is elected by the members of the Block Panchayat. The Block Panchayat is responsible for coordinating the activities of the Village Panchayats within the block, allocating resources, and implementing development programs at the block level.

District Level:
At the district level, several blocks are grouped together to form a larger administrative unit called the District. The District Panchayat consists of elected representatives from the blocks within the district. It is headed by a Chairman who is elected by the members of the District Panchayat. The District Panchayat is responsible for coordinating the activities of the Block Panchayats within the district, allocating resources, and implementing development programs at the district level.

Conclusion:
Therefore, the system of Panchayat Raj involves three levels of governance - the village level, the block level, and the district level. This system ensures that power and decision-making are decentralized, allowing for effective and efficient governance at the grassroots level. The Panchayat Raj system plays a crucial role in promoting participatory democracy, empowering local communities, and achieving inclusive development in rural areas of India.

B is also correct too much wrong answer in this

Explanation:
To determine who among the given options is a feminist, we need to understand the definition of feminism. Feminism is a social and political movement that advocates for equal rights and opportunities for women. Based on this definition, we can analyze each option:
A: Someone who does not believe in equal rights and opportunities for women and men
- This option does not align with the definition of feminism. Feminists believe in equality, so someone who does not believe in equal rights and opportunities cannot be a feminist.
B: Someone who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men
- This option aligns with the definition of feminism. Feminists advocate for equal rights and opportunities for women and men, so someone who believes in this can be considered a feminist.
C: Someone who believes in secularism
- Secularism refers to the separation of religion and state. While secularism can be an important value, it is not directly related to feminism. One can believe in secularism without necessarily advocating for equal rights and opportunities for women and men.
D: None of the above
- Since option B aligns with the definition of feminism, the correct answer cannot be "none of the above."
Therefore, the correct answer is B: Someone who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men.

Explanation:

Government Order on Mandatory Declaration in Affidavit:
- The government order requires election candidates to declare their details in an affidavit.
- This includes information on existing property and any criminal cases pending against the candidate.

Purposes of the Government Order:
- Aimed at reducing the influence of criminals in politics.
- Aims to reduce the influence of money in politics.

Role of Election Commission:
- The Election Commission is responsible for checking these details provided in the affidavit.
- If the information is found to be false or if a candidate is suspected to have criminal involvement, the Election Commission has the authority to cancel the nomination papers of such candidates.

Not True Statement:
- The statement that the Election Commission checks these details and cancels the nomination papers of suspected criminals or false information is not true.
- It is the responsibility of the Election Commission to verify the details provided by the candidates, but they do not have the authority to cancel nomination papers solely based on suspicion or false information.

To determine Mahatma Gandhi's opinion on the relationship between religion and politics, we need to analyze the given statements and choose the one that aligns with his beliefs. Let's evaluate each statement:
A:
This statement suggests that religion and politics can exist independently of each other. However, Mahatma Gandhi was known for his strong belief in the integration of religion and politics, particularly in the context of his philosophy of nonviolence and truth.
B:
This statement implies that religion and politics are inseparable. Mahatma Gandhi strongly believed in the connection between religion and politics, as he viewed politics as a means to express and practice one's religious beliefs and values.
C:
This statement suggests that religion and politics have no correlation. However, Mahatma Gandhi's life and teachings clearly demonstrate his belief in the deep connection between these two domains.
D:
This option implies that none of the given statements align with Mahatma Gandhi's opinion. However, based on the analysis provided, statement B is the one that reflects his viewpoint.
Therefore, the opinion of Mahatma Gandhi is that "The religion can never be separated from politics" (option B).

Understanding Feminist Movements
Feminist movements seek to address various issues related to gender inequality, but their primary aim is equality. Here’s a breakdown of why option 'B' is the correct answer:
1. Definition of Equality
- Equality refers to the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.
- Feminist movements advocate for equal treatment of all genders, challenging societal norms that perpetuate discrimination.
2. Historical Context
- Historically, women have faced systemic oppression and discrimination in various forms, such as legal rights, education, and employment.
- Feminist movements emerged to combat these injustices and strive for equal rights, highlighting the need for change in laws and societal attitudes.
3. Core Goals of Feminism
- Feminist movements focus on dismantling patriarchal structures that maintain gender inequality.
- Key issues include reproductive rights, workplace equality, and combating gender-based violence, all rooted in the pursuit of equality.
4. Intersectionality
- Modern feminism recognizes that equality must address intersecting identities, such as race, class, and sexuality.
- This broader understanding of equality ensures that the movement is inclusive and represents diverse experiences of oppression.
5. Conclusion
- While liberty, participation, and power are important aspects of feminist discourse, they ultimately serve the greater objective of achieving equality.
- The emphasis on equality ensures that all individuals, regardless of gender, have the same rights and opportunities in society.
In summary, feminist movements fundamentally aim for equality, striving to create a world where all individuals, regardless of gender, can thrive on equal footing.

Interest Groups
Interest groups are organizations that seek to influence public policy and promote the interests of a particular group of people or industry. They play an important role in democratic societies by representing the concerns and demands of their members to policymakers.
Types of Interest Groups
There are various types of interest groups, including:
1. Public Interest Groups:
- Public interest groups advocate for policies and issues that benefit the general public or society as a whole.
- Their focus is on promoting the common good and addressing issues such as environmental protection, human rights, and consumer rights.
2. Sectional Interest Groups:
- Sectional interest groups represent the specific interests of a particular section or group of society.
- They aim to protect and advance the interests of their members, such as trade unions representing workers, business associations representing businesses, and professional bodies representing professionals in a specific field.
3. Movement Groups:
- Movement groups are often associated with social or political movements and advocate for broader social or political change.
- They may focus on issues like civil rights, gender equality, or environmental justice.
4. Pressure Groups:
- Pressure groups are interest groups that actively seek to influence policymakers and public opinion to achieve their goals.
- They use various tactics, such as lobbying, public demonstrations, and media campaigns, to pressure decision-makers.
The Correct Answer
The correct answer to the given question is:
B: Sectional Interest Group
Trade unions, business associations, and professional bodies are examples of sectional interest groups as they represent the specific interests of a particular section or group in society.

A

Introduction:
In a democratic country, political reforms are essential to ensure the smooth functioning of the government and to address the needs and aspirations of the people. Various methods can be employed to carry out political reforms, but the question asks for the better way among the given options.
Options:
A: The legal changes
- Implementing reforms through changes in existing laws and regulations.
- Can be effective in addressing specific issues and bringing about immediate changes.
- However, it may not be sufficient to bring about comprehensive and long-lasting political reforms.
B: The constitutional changes
- Implementing reforms through amendments to the constitution.
- Provides a more comprehensive and structured approach to political reforms.
- Can be time-consuming and require the support of a significant majority of the population or legislative bodies.
C: The empowerment of people
- Focusing on empowering the citizens to actively participate in the political process.
- Involves promoting civic education, encouraging voter participation, and ensuring transparency and accountability in governance.
- Enables the people to voice their concerns and influence policy decisions.
- Can lead to sustainable and inclusive political reforms.
D: The legislation for reforms
- Implementing reforms through specific legislation.
- Can be effective in addressing specific issues and bringing about immediate changes.
- However, similar to legal changes, it may not be sufficient to bring about comprehensive and long-lasting political reforms.
Conclusion:
Among the given options, the empowerment of people is a better way of carrying out political reforms in a democratic country. By empowering the citizens and encouraging their active participation, it ensures that the reforms are inclusive, sustainable, and align with the needs and aspirations of the people.

Explanation:

Literacy Rate among Women in India (2001 Census)

- According to the 2001 census of India, the literacy rate among women in India was 54%.
- This means that 54 out of every 100 women in India were literate at that time.
- The literacy rate among women has been steadily increasing over the years, but there is still a significant gender gap in literacy rates between men and women in India.
- Factors such as socio-economic status, access to education, and cultural norms can influence the literacy rate among women in India.
- Efforts have been made by the government and various organizations to improve the literacy rate among women in India through initiatives such as literacy programs, education campaigns, and scholarships for girls.
- Increasing the literacy rate among women is crucial for the overall development and empowerment of women in India.

Overall, the literacy rate among women in India according to the 2001 census was 54%. This statistic highlights the importance of continuing efforts to improve access to education and literacy for women in the country.

Explanation:
A coalition government refers to a situation where two or more political parties come together to form a government. The following points explain the characteristics of a coalition government:
1. Option A: Only two parties form an alliance and contest elections
- This statement is incorrect as a coalition government can be formed by more than two parties, not just two.
2. Option B: Several parties compete for power
- This statement is incorrect as in a coalition government, the parties come together to share power rather than competing for it.
3. Option C: The government is formed by two or more parties coming together
- This statement is correct as a coalition government is formed when multiple parties agree to join forces and collectively form a government.
4. Option D: Several parties form an alliance and compete for power
- This statement is incorrect as parties in a coalition government form an alliance to share power, not to compete against each other.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Background of the Popular Movement
The popular movement in Nepal, often referred to as the "Loktantra Andolan" or the "People's Movement," took place in April 2006. It emerged in response to the growing dissatisfaction with the autocratic rule of King Gyanendra and the lack of democratic governance in the country.
Key Aims of the Movement
- Restoration of Democracy: The primary aim of the movement was to restore democracy in Nepal. The monarchy had suspended the democratic process and dissolved the Parliament, leading to widespread protests and demands for democratic rights.
- People's Participation: The movement sought to involve the general populace in the political process, advocating for civil rights, political freedom, and an end to the king's absolute power.
Significant Events
- Mass Mobilization: The movement witnessed massive participation from various segments of society, including political parties, civil society, students, and ordinary citizens.
- General Strikes: Activists organized nationwide strikes and protests, which intensified over the weeks, putting significant pressure on the monarchy.
Outcome
- End of Absolute Monarchy: The culmination of these efforts forced King Gyanendra to reinstate the Parliament on April 24, 2006. This marked a significant step towards restoring democratic governance.
- Transition to Democracy: The movement ultimately paved the way for the establishment of a democratic system in Nepal, leading to a new constitution and the eventual abolition of the monarchy in 2008.
In summary, the popular movement of April 2006 aimed primarily at the restoration of democracy in Nepal, marking a pivotal moment in the country’s political history.