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Four charges Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 of same magnitude are fixed along the x axis at x = -2a, -a, +a and +2a,
respectively. A positive charge q is placed on the positive y axis at a distance b > 0. Four options of the
signs of these charges are given in List I. The direction of the forces on the charge q is given in List II.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.
  • a)
    P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2
  • b)
    P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1
  • c)
    P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4
  • d)
    P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Tejas Verma answered
P: By Q1 and Q4, Q3 and Q2 F is in +y
Q: By Q1 and Q4, Q2 and Q3 F is in +ve x.
R: By Q1 and Q4, F is in +ve y
By Q2 and Q3, F is in –ve y
But later has more magnitude, since its closer to
(0, b). Therefore net force is in – y
S: By Q1 and Q4, F is in +ve x and by Q2 and Q3, F is
in –x, but later is more in magnitude, since its
closer to (0, b). Therefore net force is in –ve x.

For the identification of β-naphthol using dye test, it is necessary to use
  • a)
    dichloromethane solution of β-naphthol
  • b)
    acidic solution of β-naphthol.
  • c)
    neutral solution of β-naphthol.
  • d)
    alkaline solution of β-naphthol
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

A person, several methods can be used, including:

1. Visual identification: This involves looking at the physical appearance of the person and comparing it to a known photograph or description. This method is commonly used by law enforcement agencies when searching for suspects.

2. Biometric identification: Biometric technologies such as fingerprint scanning, iris scanning, or facial recognition can be used to identify a person based on their unique physical characteristics. These methods are often used for security purposes, such as accessing a smartphone or entering a secure facility.

3. Personal identification documents: Official documents such as driver's licenses, passports, or ID cards contain personal information and a photograph, which can be used to verify a person's identity. These documents are commonly used in various contexts, such as airport security or when opening a bank account.

4. DNA testing: In certain cases, DNA testing can be used to identify a person by comparing their DNA sample with a known sample, such as from a crime scene or a family member. This method is often used in forensic investigations or to establish biological relationships.

It is important to note that the accuracy and reliability of these identification methods can vary, and some methods may require specialized equipment or expertise. Additionally, privacy and ethical considerations should be taken into account when applying these methods.

Consider all possible isomeric ketones, including stereoisomers of MW = 100. All these isomers are
independently reacted with NaBH4 (NOTE: stereoisomers are also reacted separately). The total number of
ketones that give a racemic product(s) is/are
    Correct answer is '5'. Can you explain this answer?

    Introduction:
    In this question, we are given a set of isomeric ketones with a molecular weight of 100. We need to determine the number of ketones that will produce a racemic product when reacted with NaBH4.

    Understanding the concept:
    When a ketone is reacted with NaBH4, it undergoes reduction to form an alcohol. The reduction of a ketone by NaBH4 is a stereospecific process, meaning that the configuration of the product is determined by the configuration of the starting ketone.

    Determining the number of ketones that give a racemic product:
    To determine the number of ketones that give a racemic product, we need to consider the presence of a chiral center in the ketone molecule. A chiral center is a carbon atom bonded to four different groups.

    Case 1: Ketones with no chiral centers:
    If a ketone has no chiral centers, it will not produce a racemic product. This is because there is no possibility for the product to have different configurations.

    Case 2: Ketones with one chiral center:
    If a ketone has one chiral center, it can exist as a pair of enantiomers. When reacted with NaBH4, each enantiomer will produce the corresponding enantiomeric alcohol. Therefore, in this case, the ketone will give a racemic product.

    Case 3: Ketones with two chiral centers:
    If a ketone has two chiral centers, it can exist as a pair of diastereomers. When reacted with NaBH4, each diastereomer will produce a mixture of enantiomeric alcohols. Therefore, in this case, the ketone will give a racemic product.

    Case 4: Ketones with more than two chiral centers:
    If a ketone has more than two chiral centers, it can exist as a pair of diastereomers. However, in this case, the diastereomers will not be mirror images of each other, and the reaction with NaBH4 will not produce a racemic product.

    Conclusion:
    In summary, the ketones that give a racemic product when reacted with NaBH4 are those with one or two chiral centers. Therefore, out of all the possible isomeric ketones with a molecular weight of 100, there are 5 ketones that will produce a racemic product.

    Hydrogen bonding plays a central role in the following phenomena:
    • a)
      Ice floats in water
    • b)
      Higher Lewis basicity of primary amines than tertiary amines in aqueous solutions.
    • c)
      Formic acid is more acidic than acetic acid.
    • d)
      Dimerisation of acetic acid in benzene.
    Correct answer is option 'A,B,D'. Can you explain this answer?

    Ananya Das answered
    (A) Ice has cage-like structure in which each water molecule is surrounded by four other water molecules tetrahedrally through hydrogen boding, due to this density of ice is less than water and it floats in
    water.
    The cation (I) more stabilized through hydrogen boding than cation (II) . So, R–NH2 is better base than (R)3N in aqueous solution.
    (C) HCOOH is stronger acid than CH3COOH due to inductive effect and not due to hydrogen bonding.
    (D) Acetic acid dimerizes in benzene through intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

    The correct statement(s) for orthoboric acid is/are
    • a)
      It behaves as a weak acid in water due to self ionization.
    • b)
      Acidity of its aqueous solution increases upon addition of ethylene glycol
    • c)
      It has a three dimensional structure due to hydrogen bonding
    • d)
      It is a weak electrolyte in water.
    Correct answer is option 'B,D'. Can you explain this answer?

    Maitri Das answered
    (A) H3BO3 is a weak monobasic Lewis acid.
    (B) Equilibrium (i) is shifted in forward direction by the addition of syn-diols like ethylene glycol which forms a stable complex with  
    (C) It has a planar sheet like structure due to hydrogen bonding.
    (D) H3BO3 is a weak electrolyte in water.

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