The worship of a single god, Allah, and the membership of a single community of believers (umma) was the origin of what?
What did tribes outside of Mecca consider holy?
Where was mecca located on the crossroads of a trade route between?
Who soon faced considerable opposition from affluent Meccans?
How many days shorter is the Hijri year than the solar year?
Who established the gregorian calendar?
Option~
a) Umar
b) Muhammad
c) Pope Gregory Xiii
d) None
What was converted into a broader community under the political leadership of Muhammad?
What religion did the byzantine empire promote?
What population retained their rights to property and religious practices on payment of taxes?
Who adopted innovations that allowed the Umayyads to retain power for 90 years and the Abbasids to retain power for two?
What was the name of the movement that brought down the Umayyads?
When did civil war break out between supporters of Amin and Mamun?
3 videos|706 docs|517 tests
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3 videos|706 docs|517 tests
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