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Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - UPSC MCQ


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10 Questions MCQ Test Old & New NCERTs for IAS Preparation (Must Read) - Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level)

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Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 1

Consider the following statements:

Statement-I:
Aurangzeb became Emperor after killing his brothers and imprisoning his father, Shah Jahan.

Statement-II:
Mughal followed coparcenary inheritance, or a division of the inheritance amongst all the sons.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 1


Statement-I is accurate as Aurangzeb did indeed become the Mughal Emperor after taking drastic actions against his family members. He imprisoned his father, Shah Jahan, and executed his brothers to secure his position as the Emperor.
However, Statement-II regarding Mughal traditions of succession is incorrect. The Mughal tradition of succession was not based on coparcenary inheritance where the inheritance is divided amongst all sons. Instead, the Mughal succession was primarily based on the principle of primogeniture, where the eldest son would inherit the throne.
Therefore, while Statement-I is correct, Statement-II is inaccurate, making option (c) the correct answer.

Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 2

Who were the Mughals descended from?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 2

The Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers, Genghis Khan and Timur. Genghis Khan, renowned for founding the Mongol Empire, and Timur, also known as Tamerlane, an influential conqueror in Central Asia, were the ancestors from whom the Mughal lineage traced its roots. This ancestry played a significant role in shaping the Mughal dynasty's cultural heritage, military strategies, and political ideologies.

Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 3

Consider the following statements regarding the early Mughal emperors:

1. Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the Battle of Panipat in 1526 and established Mughal control over Agra and Delhi.

2. Humayun was able to recapture Delhi in 1555 after being defeated by Sher Shah Suri and seeking refuge in Iran.

3. Akbar launched military campaigns in the Deccan region before establishing control over the north-west territories like Kashmir and Kabul.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 3

Let's analyze each statement:

1. Statement 1: Correct. Babur indeed defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the Battle of Panipat in 1526, marking the beginning of Mughal control over Agra and Delhi. This victory is a well-documented historical event that led to the establishment of Mughal rule in northern India.

2. Statement 2: Correct. Humayun, after being defeated by Sher Shah Suri at Chausa in 1539 and Kanauj in 1540, fled to Iran. He returned to India and successfully recaptured Delhi in 1555. This sequence of events accurately reflects Humayun's struggles and eventual reclaiming of his empire.

3. Statement 3: Incorrect. Akbar's military campaigns in the Deccan region began towards the end of his reign, following his earlier successes in the north-west territories such as Kashmir and Kabul. The campaigns in the Deccan were part of his later expansion efforts after consolidating control in other regions.

Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct, while statement 3 does not accurately represent the sequence of Akbar’s military campaigns. Therefore, the correct answer is Option B.

Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 4

Consider the following pairs:

1. Mansabdar - Received salaries in the form of cash payments

2. Jagir - Revenue assignments given to mansabdars

3. Zabt - A system where land revenue was fixed on each crop in kind

4. Sulh-i kul - A policy of religious tolerance initiated by Akbar

How many pairs given above are correctly matched?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 4

1. Mansabdar - Received salaries in the form of cash payments: Incorrect. Mansabdars did not receive cash payments directly as salary. Instead, they were assigned jagirs (revenue assignments) from which they collected revenue to pay themselves and maintain their troops.

2. Jagir - Revenue assignments given to mansabdars: Correct. Jagirs were indeed revenue assignments granted to mansabdars to support the maintenance of their cavalry and fulfill their military responsibilities.

3. Zabt - A system where land revenue was fixed on each crop in kind: Incorrect. Zabt was a system where the land revenue was assessed and fixed primarily in cash, not in kind. This system was introduced by Akbar's finance minister, Todar Mal, to streamline revenue collection.

4. Sulh-i kul - A policy of religious tolerance initiated by Akbar: Correct. Sulh-i kul, meaning "universal peace," was a policy of religious tolerance introduced by Akbar, promoting harmony among different religious communities within the empire.

Thus, pairs 2 and 4 are correctly matched, making Option B: Only two pairs the correct choice.

Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 5

What factor contributed significantly to the economic and commercial prosperity of the Mughal Empire in the seventeenth century?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 5

The economic and commercial prosperity of the Mughal Empire in the seventeenth century can be attributed to the significant practice of spending a large part of the income on salaries and goods by the Mughal emperors and their mansabdars. This investment in salaries and goods not only benefited the artisans and peasantry who supplied these goods and produce but also circulated wealth within the empire, contributing to economic growth. This spending created a cycle of economic activity that boosted trade, production, and overall prosperity within the empire.

Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 6

Consider the following statements:

1. The economic prosperity of the Mughal Empire in the seventeenth century was significantly due to the administrative and military efficiency of the empire.

2. The decline of Mughal authority led to the emergence of new regional powers like Hyderabad and Awadh by the eighteenth century.

3. The Mughal mansabdars primarily spent their income on building large architectural structures, which did not benefit the local economy.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 6

Let's analyze each statement based on the context of the Mughal Empire in the seventeenth century and beyond:

1. Statement 1 is correct. The economic and commercial prosperity of the Mughal Empire during the seventeenth century was indeed a result of its administrative and military efficiency. This prosperity enabled the empire to support a thriving economy that benefited various societal levels, including artisans and peasants who were integral to the supply chain.

2. Statement 2 is correct. As the Mughal Empire's central authority weakened, particularly in the eighteenth century, several regions gained more autonomy and developed into independent political entities. Notable among these were the provinces of Hyderabad and Awadh, which consolidated their positions as powerful regional centers.

3. Statement 3 is incorrect. While the Mughal mansabdars did spend a significant portion of their income, it was primarily on salaries and goods rather than solely on architectural endeavors. This expenditure cycle contributed to the economic vitality of the empire, benefiting artisans and the local economy.

Thus, the statements that are correct are 1 and 2, making Option B the correct choice.

Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 7

Consider the following pairs:

1. Hyderabad - Independent political identity consolidated in the eighteenth century

2. Mughal mansabdars - Spent income primarily on foreign imports

3. Awadh - Emerged as a center of power due to declining Mughal authority

4. Artisans and peasantry - Benefited from the Mughal economic prosperity

How many pairs given above are correctly matched?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 7

1. Hyderabad - Independent political identity consolidated in the eighteenth century: Correct. By the eighteenth century, as the Mughal Empire's central authority weakened, provinces like Hyderabad began to assert and consolidate their independent political identities.

2. Mughal mansabdars - Spent income primarily on foreign imports: Incorrect. While the Mughal mansabdars did spend a significant portion of their income on various goods, the emphasis was on local goods rather than foreign imports. Their expenditures stimulated the local economy by supporting artisans and the peasantry.

3. Awadh - Emerged as a center of power due to declining Mughal authority: Correct. Similar to Hyderabad, Awadh also emerged as a significant regional power as the central authority of the Mughal Empire declined, leading to the rise of regional powers in the eighteenth century.

4. Artisans and peasantry - Benefited from the Mughal economic prosperity: Correct. The economic and commercial prosperity of the Mughal Empire underpinned by the administrative and military efficiency did indeed benefit the artisans and peasantry who supplied goods and produce to the empire.

Pairs 1, 3, and 4 are correctly matched. Hence, three pairs are correctly matched.

Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 8

Consider the following statements:

1. The Mughal empire's policy of sulh-i kul, initiated by Akbar, emphasized universal peace and non-discrimination among different religions.

2. Mansabdars in the Mughal Empire were required to maintain a specified number of cavalrymen, known as sawar.

3. The revenue system called Zabt, implemented under Akbar's administration, involved the collection of taxes in kind based on a fixed percentage of the produce.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 8

1. Statement 1: This statement is correct. Akbar's policy of sulh-i kul, or "universal peace," was a principle of tolerance that sought to ensure harmony and non-discrimination among people of different religions within his realm. This policy was indeed a significant feature of Akbar's administration and was continued by his successors.

2. Statement 2: This statement is also correct. Mansabdars were officials in the Mughal administration who were required to maintain a stipulated number of soldiers (sawar) as part of their military responsibilities. This system was an integral part of the Mughal administrative framework.

3. Statement 3: This statement is incorrect. The Zabt system, implemented under Akbar, involved a careful survey of crops and fixed the tax in cash rather than in kind. The tax was based on a detailed assessment of crop yields conducted by Akbar's revenue minister, Todar Mal.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option B, as only statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because it misrepresents the nature of the Zabt system, which involved cash taxation rather than taxation in kind.

Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 9

Consider the following statements:

1. Qandahar was seized from the Safavids during the reign of Aurangzeb.

2. The Sisodiya ruler of Mewar, Amar Singh, accepted Mughal service during Jahangir's reign.

3. Bijapur was annexed by the Mughals during Shah Jahan's reign.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 9

1. Qandahar was seized from the Safavids during the reign of Aurangzeb. This statement is incorrect. Qandahar was actually lost to the Safavids during the reign of Shah Jahan, not seized by Aurangzeb.

2. The Sisodiya ruler of Mewar, Amar Singh, accepted Mughal service during Jahangir's reign. This statement is correct. Amar Singh, the Sisodiya ruler of Mewar, accepted Mughal service under Jahangir, which helped stabilize relations between the Mughals and the Rajputs of Mewar.

3. Bijapur was annexed by the Mughals during Shah Jahan's reign. This statement is incorrect. Bijapur was annexed by Aurangzeb in 1685, not during Shah Jahan's reign. Shah Jahan's reign saw the final annexation of Ahmadnagar and the defeat of the Bundelas.

Thus, the correct answer is Option B: 2 Only, as only the second statement is accurate, while the first and third statements are incorrect based on the historical context provided.

Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 10

During Akbar's reign, which principle of governance emphasized tolerance towards people of different religions in his realm?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Mughals 16th to 17th Century (UPSC Level) - Question 10

Sulh-i kul, also known as "universal peace," was a principle introduced by Akbar that advocated for tolerance and acceptance of people from different religious backgrounds within his empire. This concept aimed at fostering harmony and inclusivity among diverse religious communities, setting a precedent for peaceful coexistence. Akbar's implementation of Sulh-i kul reflected his progressive approach to governance and his vision of a unified and harmonious society.

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