UPSC Mathematics Optional SyllabusPaper-I:1. Linear Algebra
- Vector spaces and subspaces
- Linear dependence and independence
- Basis and dimension
- Rank and nullity of a linear transformation
- Matrices and determinants
- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
- Cayley-Hamilton theorem
2. Calculus
- Real numbers and their properties
- Sequences and series
- Continuity and differentiability
- Mean value theorems
- Functions of several variables
- Partial derivatives
- Maxima and minima
- Double and triple integrals
- Applications of calculus in optimization problems
3. Analytic Geometry
- Conic sections
- Equations of lines and planes in three-dimensional space
- Coordinates and transformations
- Distance and angle between two points
- Polar coordinates
- Loci and their equations
4. Ordinary Differential Equations
- First order differential equations
- Second order linear equations with constant coefficients
- Homogeneous and non-homogeneous differential equations
- Solutions by power series and Frobenius method
- Laplace transforms
- Applications of differential equations in various fields
Paper-II:1. Algebra
- Groups, subgroups, and order of a group
- Normal subgroups and quotient groups
- Homomorphisms and isomorphisms
- Rings, ideals, and fields
- Integral domains and polynomial rings
- Field extensions and Galois theory
- Solvable and simple groups
- Symmetric and alternating groups
2. Real Analysis
- Real numbers and their properties
- Sequences and series of real numbers
- Continuity and differentiability of real functions
- Riemann integral and its properties
- Improper integrals
- Convergence and uniform convergence of sequences and series
- Pointwise and uniform convergence of functions
- Differentiation and integration of functions of several variables
3. Complex Analysis
- Complex numbers and their properties
- Analytic functions and their properties
- Contour integration and Cauchy's theorem
- Taylor and Laurent series
- Residue theorem and its applications
- Conformal mappings and their properties
- Harmonic functions and their properties
4. Linear Programming
- Introduction to linear programming
- Formulation of linear programming problems
- Graphical method and simplex method
- Duality in linear programming
- Sensitivity analysis and interpretation of results
- Transportation and assignment problems
- Integer programming and network analysis
UPSC Previous Year Questions with Essays: Mathematics Optional1. Previous year questions from both Paper-I and Paper-II of UPSC Mathematics Optional.
2. Essay topics related to mathematics and its applications in various fields.
3. Analysis and interpretation of previous year question papers.
4. Tips and strategies for solving mathematical problems in the UPSC examination.
5. Sample essays on topics related to mathematics and its relevance in society and governance.
In conclusion, the UPSC Mathematics Optional syllabus covers a wide range of topics in mathematics, including linear algebra, calculus, analytic geometry, ordinary differential equations, algebra, real analysis, complex analysis, and linear programming. By studying these topics and practicing with previous year questions and essays, candidates can develop a strong foundation in mathematics and excel in the UPSC examination.
This course is helpful for the following exams: UPSC