Mediterranean Biome | Environment for UPSC 2025 (Pre & Mains) PDF Download

 Page 1


 
MEDITERRANEAN BIOME 
 
 
Page 2


 
MEDITERRANEAN BIOME 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
The Mediterranean biome is also called as 
sclerophyll ecosystem or biome because of the 
develop­ment of special feature and 
characteristic in the domi­nant trees and shrubs 
to adapt to the typical environ­mental 
conditions of the Mediterranean climates (dry 
summer and wet winter). 
The Mediterranean biome has developed between 
30°-40° (some time upto 45°) latitudes in both 
the hemispheres in the western parts of the 
continents.  
 
Page 3


 
MEDITERRANEAN BIOME 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
The Mediterranean biome is also called as 
sclerophyll ecosystem or biome because of the 
develop­ment of special feature and 
characteristic in the domi­nant trees and shrubs 
to adapt to the typical environ­mental 
conditions of the Mediterranean climates (dry 
summer and wet winter). 
The Mediterranean biome has developed between 
30°-40° (some time upto 45°) latitudes in both 
the hemispheres in the western parts of the 
continents.  
 
Page 4


 
MEDITERRANEAN BIOME 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
The Mediterranean biome is also called as 
sclerophyll ecosystem or biome because of the 
develop­ment of special feature and 
characteristic in the domi­nant trees and shrubs 
to adapt to the typical environ­mental 
conditions of the Mediterranean climates (dry 
summer and wet winter). 
The Mediterranean biome has developed between 
30°-40° (some time upto 45°) latitudes in both 
the hemispheres in the western parts of the 
continents.  
 
This biome includes the  
European lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea, 
central and southern California of the U.S.A., 
central Chile of South America, north-western 
coastal lands of Africa bordering the 
Mediterranean Sea and the far south­western 
part of South Africa and the coastal zones of 
western and southern Australia and the Asiatic 
coastal lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea 
(western Tur­key, Syria, western Israel and 
Lebanon). 
 
Page 5


 
MEDITERRANEAN BIOME 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
The Mediterranean biome is also called as 
sclerophyll ecosystem or biome because of the 
develop­ment of special feature and 
characteristic in the domi­nant trees and shrubs 
to adapt to the typical environ­mental 
conditions of the Mediterranean climates (dry 
summer and wet winter). 
The Mediterranean biome has developed between 
30°-40° (some time upto 45°) latitudes in both 
the hemispheres in the western parts of the 
continents.  
 
This biome includes the  
European lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea, 
central and southern California of the U.S.A., 
central Chile of South America, north-western 
coastal lands of Africa bordering the 
Mediterranean Sea and the far south­western 
part of South Africa and the coastal zones of 
western and southern Australia and the Asiatic 
coastal lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea 
(western Tur­key, Syria, western Israel and 
Lebanon). 
 
FEATURES 
Winters are cool but wet whereas summers are 
dry, most of the annual rainfall is received 
during wet winter months 
Summer season is warm and dry whereas 
winters are moderately cool 
There is sufficient sunlight throughout the year 
but summer is more sunny.